Hans Staden
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[[Image:Staden4x.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Original [[1557]] Hans Staden [[woodcut]] of the Tupinamba portrayed in a [[cannibalistic]] feast.]]
'''Hans Staden''' (c. 1525 in [[Homberg (Efze)]] — c. 1579 [[Wolfhagen]] or [[Korbach]]) was a [[German people|German]] soldier and mariner who made two voyages to [[South America]] in [[Spain|Spanish]] or [[Portugal|Portuguese]] ships. On his second voyage, he was captured by the [[Tupinambá]] people of [[Brazil]].
After his return to Europe in 1555, the support of Dr. [[Johann Dryander]] in [[Marburg]] enabled Staden to publish an [[captivity narrative|account of his captivity]], entitled ''Warhaftige Historia und beschreibung eyner Landtschafft der Wilden Nacketen, Grimmigen Menschfresser-Leuthen in der Newenwelt America gelegen'' (''True Story and Description of a Country of Wild, Naked, Grim, Man-eating People in the New World, America'') ([[1557]]).<ref>[http://www.athenapub.com/staden1.htm Hans Staden and the Tupinamba in southeast Brazil] - URL retrieved [[September 14]], [[2006]]</ref>. The book became an international bestseller and was translated into [[Latin]] and many other European languages, reaching a total of 76 editions.
==Cannibalism==
The ''Warhaftige Historia'' provided detailed descriptions of Tupinambá life and customs, illustrated by [[woodcut]]s. However, the aspect of the book that received the most attention, from the time of publication up to the present, was [[cannibalism]]. Staden claimed that the Tupinambá were cannibals, gave vivid eyewitness accounts of the killing, preparing and eating of [[prisoner of war|war captives]], and wrote that his captors would have eaten him as well, had he not escaped. According to one anecdote, the Indians at one point gave him a delicious soup; after finishing his dinner, he found in the bottom of the cauldron some small skulls, which he later found out to be those of the children in his choir.
Some scholars have challenged the book's reliability, arguing that Staden invented its sensational accounts of cannibalism.<ref>William Arens, ''The Man-Eating Myth: Anthropology & Anthropophagy'' (Oxford University Press, 1979), 22-31; Michaela Schmolz-Haberlein and Mark Haberlein, “Hans Staden, Neil L. Whitehead, and the Cultural Politics of Scholarly Publishing,” ''Hispanic American Historical Review'' 81, no. 3-4 (2001): 745-751.</ref> Others defend the book as an important and reliable ethnohistorical source.<ref>Donald W. Forsyth, “Three Cheers for Hans Staden: The Case for Brazilian Cannibalism,” ''Ethnohistory'' 32, no. 1 (1985): 17-36; Neil L. Whitehead, “Hans Staden and the Cultural Politics of Cannibalism,” ''Hispanic American Historical Review'' 80, no. 4 (2000): 721-751.</ref>
==Cultural references==
*''Hans Staden - Lá Vem Nossa Comida Pulando'' ([http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0166635/ Hans Staden - There He Comes, Our Food Jumping]), a [[1999 film]], directed by [[Luis Alberto Pereira]]), spoken in the [[Old Tupi|Tupi]] indigenous language (with subtitles in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]) explores his adventures while being held captive by the Tupinamba.<ref>([http://www.dvdbrazil.com/comersus/store/comersus_viewitem.asp?idproduct=612 DVD Hans Staden] - URL [[September 14]], [[2006]]</ref>
*''Como Era Gostoso o meu Francês'' ([http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0066936/ How Tasty Was My Little Frenchman]), a [[1970 film]], was based on Staden's stories (but did not include him as a character) and adds a subplot about the main character's love affair with a young native woman.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.dukeupress.edu/books.php3?isbn=978-0-8223-4231-1 Staden, Hans. ''Hans Staden's True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil''. Edited and translated by Neil L. Whitehead and Michael Harbsmeier. Duke University Press, 2008.]
*{{de icon}} [http://www.regionalmuseum-wolfhager-land.de/hans_staden.htm Hans Staden in Wolfhagen] - [http://www.regionalmuseum-wolfhager-land.de/pdf/tagungsprogramm.pdf 2007 conference agenda]
*{{de icon}} [http://regiowiki.hna.de/Hans_Staden:_Wahrhaftige_Historia speech about Hans Staden]
*{{de icon}} [http://regiowiki.hna.de/Hans_Staden:_Wahrhaftige_Historia Hans Staden: Wahrhaftige Historia]
*[http://www.lehigh.edu/~ejg1/natimag/Harry.html Harry J. Brown, 'Hans Staden among the Tupinambas.']
*[http://www.athenapub.com/staden1.htm Short Review of Staden's Book, with Woodcuts]
*[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0166635/ The movie in IMDb]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Staden, Hans}}
[[Category:1520s births]]
[[Category:1570s deaths]]
[[Category:History of Brazil]]
[[Category:Age of Discovery]]
[[Category:German conquistadores]]
[[Category:1999 films]]
[[Category:Portuguese films]]
[[Category:Brazilian films]]
[[Category:German-language films]]
[[Category:Portuguese-language films]]
[[Category:Tupi-language films]]
[[Category:Cannibalism]]
[[Category:Authors of captivity narratives]]
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