Haplogroup M (Y-DNA) 4148679 214539536 2008-05-24T00:59:19Z Ebizur 2215661 Removed redundant internal links {{Infobox haplogroup | name =M | map = | origin-date =10,000 years BP | origin-place = | ancestor =[[Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)|K]] | mutations =P256 | members =People of [[New Guinea]] and [[Melanesia]] }} In [[human genetics]], '''Haplogroup M''' (P256) is a [[Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup|Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup]]. This haplogroup is found at various frequencies among populations of eastern [[Indonesia]], [[Melanesia]] (including [[Papua New Guinea]]), [[Micronesia]], and [[Polynesia]]. The majority of males from Papua New Guinea and Melanesia carry haplogroup M chromosomes.<ref>Karafet et al. (2008)</ref> It is a descendant haplogroup of [[Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)|haplogroup K]], and is believed to have first appeared approximately 10,000 years ago. == Subclades == The [[subclade]]s of Haplogroup M with their defining mutation, according to Karafet et al (2008) [http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/abstract/gr.7172008v1]. ''Note'' The 2008 paper introduced a number of changes, compared to the previous [http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpM.html 2006 ISOGG tree]. Before the discovery of the P256 marker, the current subgroup M1 (defined by the M4 marker) previously represented the whole of Haplogroup M; and subgroups M2 and M3 were formerly classed as subgroups K1 and K7 of the parent [[Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup K]]. **[[Haplogroup M (Y-DNA)|M]] (P256) ***M1 (M4, M5, M106, M186, M189, P35) ''Typical of [[Papuan languages|Papuan]] peoples'' ****M1* ****M1a (P34) ''Found in [[Papua New Guinea]] and [[Indonesia]]''<ref>[http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~lansing/docs/Y%20Bali%20article.pdf Balinese Y-Chromosome Perspective on the Peopling of Indonesia: Genetic Contributions from Pre-Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers, Austronesian Farmers, and Indian Traders], Tatiana M. Karafet, J. S. Lansing, Alan J. Redd, Joseph C. Watkins, S. P. K. Surata, W. A. Arthawiguna, Laura Mayer, Michael Bamshad, Lynn B. Jorde, and Michael F. Hammer, ''Human Biology'' (Feb. 2005)</ref> *****M1a* *****M1a1 (P51) ****M1b (P87) *****M1b* *****M1b1 (M104 (P22)) ''Typical of populations of the [[Bismarck Archipelago]] and [[Bougainville Island]]''<ref>Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," ''Molecular Biology and Evolution'' 2006 23(8):1628-1641</ref> ******M1b1* ******M1b1a (M16) ******M1b1b (M83) ***M2 (M353, M387) ''Found at a low frequency in the [[Solomon Islands]] and [[Fiji]]'' ****M2* ****M2a (SRY9138 (M177)) ***M3 (P117) ''Found in [[Melanesia]]'' == References == {{reflist}} == External links == *[https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html?card=my040 Spread of Haplogroup M], from ''[[National Geographic]]'' {{Y-DNA}} [[Category:Human Y-DNA haplogroups|M]] [[ca:Haplogrup M del cromosoma Y humà]] [[fr:Haplogroupe M (Y-ADN)]]