Haplogroup P (Y-DNA) 4148817 224397066 2008-07-08T17:51:57Z Ebizur 2215661 /* Subgroups */ Updated haplogroup Q subclades to conform with ISOGG 2008 tree {{Infobox haplogroup | name = P | origin-date = 34,000 years BP<ref>Tatiana M. Karafet, Fernando L. Mendez, Monica B. Meilerman, Peter A. Underhill, Stephen L. Zegura, and Michael F. Hammer (2008). New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree</ref> | origin-place = [[Central Asia]]/[[Siberia]] | ancestor = [[Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)|K]] | descendants = [[Haplogroup Q (Y-DNA)|Q]], [[Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)|R]] | mutations = 92R7, M45, M74/N12, P27, S25 }} In [[human genetics]], '''Haplogroup P''' (M45) is a [[Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup|Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup]]. This haplogroup contains the patrilineal ancestors of most [[European ethnic groups|European]]s and almost all of the [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]]. It also contains approximately one third to two thirds of the males among various populations of [[Central Asia]] and [[Southern Asia]]. ==Origins== Haplogroup P is a branch of [[Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup K]] (M9). It is believed to have arisen north of the [[Hindu Kush]], in [[Siberia]], [[Kazakhstan]], or [[Uzbekistan]], approximately 35,000 to 40,000 years ago. The descendant haplogroups of P include [[haplogroup Q (Y-DNA)|Q]] (M242) and [[haplogroup R (Y-DNA)|R]] (M207). ==Distribution== Besides the typically European/South Asian Haplogroup R and South-Central Siberian/Native American Haplogroup Q, other patrilines derived from Haplogroup P-M45 are labeled for sake of convenience as Haplogroup P* and are reported to have been found at low to moderate frequency among modern populations of [[Central Asia]], [[Siberia]], [[East Asia]], and the [[Russian Far East]]. There is a conspicuous presence of Haplogroup P* on the [[Hvar|Isle of Hvar]] in the [[Adriatic Sea]] off the [[Dalmatia]]n coast of [[Croatia]], which may be due to historical immigration of [[Avars]] from Central Asia. There have also been reports of Haplogroup P* from samples of [[Ashkenazi Jews]], [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], and some populations of [[South Asia]] and [[Oceania]], but it is not entirely clear whether these were truly Haplogroup P* or rather instances of a rare haplogroup derived from Haplogroup P, such as [[Haplogroup R2 (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup R2]] or [[Haplogroup Q (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup Q]]. == Subgroups == The [[subclade]]s of Haplogroup P with their defining mutation, according to the 2008 ISOGG tree: *P (92R7, M45, M74, N12, P27) **P* **Q (M242) ***Q* ***Q1 (P36.2) ****Q1* ****Q1a (MEH2) *****Q1a* *****Q1a1 (M120, M265/N14) ''Found at low frequency among [[Han Chinese|Chinese]], [[Koreans]], [[Dungan|Dungans]], and [[Hazara people|Hazara]]''<ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7006/extref/nature02878-s2.doc Supplementary Table 2: NRY haplogroup distribution in Han populations], from the online supplementary material for [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7006/abs/nature02878.html the article] by Bo Wen et al., "Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture," ''Nature'' 431, 302-305 (16 September 2004)</ref><ref>[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=56946&rendertype=table&id=T1 Table 1: Y-chromosome haplotype frequencies in 49 Eurasian populations, listed according to geographic region], from [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=56946 the article] by R. Spencer Wells et al., "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (August 28, 2001)</ref> *****Q1a2 (M25, M143) ''Found at low to moderate frequency among some populations of [[Southwest Asia]], [[Central Asia]], and [[Siberia]]'' *****Q1a3 (M346) ******Q1a3* ''Found at low frequency in [[Pakistan]] and [[India]]'' ******[[Haplogroup Q3 (Y-DNA)|Q1a3a]] (M3) ''Typical of [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]]'' *******Q1a3a* *******Q1a3a1 (M19) ''Found among some indigenous peoples of [[South America]], such as the [[Ticuna]] and the [[Wayuu]]''<ref>[http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/Bortolini-AJHG-03-YAmer.pdf "Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas,"] Maria-Catira Bortolini et al., ''American Journal of Human Genetics'' 73:524-539, 2003</ref> *******Q1a3a2 (M194) *******Q1a3a3 (M199, P106, P292) *****Q1a4 (P48) *****Q1a5 (P89) *****Q1a6 (M323) ''Found in a significant minority of [[Yemenite Jews|Yemeni Jews]]'' ****Q1b (M378) ''Found at low frequency among samples of [[Hazara people|Hazara]] and [[Sindhi people|Sindhis]]'' **[[Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)|R]] (M207 (UTY2), M306 (S1), S4, S8, S9) ***R* ***R1 (M173) ****R1* ****R1a (SRY10831.2 (SRY1532)) *****R1a* *****[[Haplogroup R1a1 (Y-DNA)|R1a1]] (M17, M198) ''Typical of [[Eastern Europe]]ans, [[Central Asia]]ns, and [[South Asia]]ns'' ******R1a1* ******R1a1a (M56) ******R1a1b (M157) ******R1a1c (M64.2, M87, M204) ****[[Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)|R1b]] (M343) ''Typical of [[Western Europe]]ans'' *****R1b* *****R1b1 (P25) ******R1b1* ******R1b1a (M18) ******R1b1b (M73) ******R1b1c (M269, S3, S10, S13, S17) *******R1b1c* *******R1b1c1 (M37) *******R1b1c2 (M65) *******R1b1c3 (M126) *******R1b1c4 (M153) *******R1b1c5 (M160) *******R1b1c6 (SRY2627 (M167)) *******R1b1c7 (M222) *******R1b1c8 (P66) *******R1b1c9 (S21) ********R1b1c9* ********R1b1c9a (L1 (S26)) ********R1b1c9b (S29) *******R1b1c10 (S28) ******R1b1d (M335) ***[[Haplogroup R2 (Y-DNA)|R2]] (M124) ''Typical of [[South Asia]]ns, with a moderate distribution among populations of [[Central Asia]] and the [[Caucasus]]'' ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html?card=my044 Spread of Haplogroup P], from [[The Genographic Project]], ''[[National Geographic]]'' {{Y-DNA}} [[Category:Human Y-DNA haplogroups|P]] [[ca:Haplogrup P del cromosoma Y humà]] [[cs:Haploskupina P (Y-DNA)]] [[fr:Haplogroupe P (Y-ADN)]]