Harbor
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2008-07-14T22:58:13Z
123.237.131.9
/* Notable harbors */
{{otheruses}}
[[Image:PortJackson 2004 SeanMcClean.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Port Jackson]], [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]]]
A '''harbor''' or '''harbour''' (see [[American and British English spelling differences|spelling differences]]), or '''haven''', is a place where ships may shelter from the [[weather]] or are stored. Harbors can be man-made or natural. A man-made harbor will have sea walls or [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwaters]] and may require [[dredging]]. A natural harbor is surrounded on most sides by land.
Harbors and [[port]]s are often confused. A port is a man-made [[coast]]al or riverine facility where [[boat]]s and [[ship]]s can load and unload. It may consist of [[quay]]s, [[wharf]]s, [[jetty|jetties]], [[pier]]s and [[slipway]]s with [[crane (machine)|cranes]] or ramps. A port may have magazine buildings or warehouses for storage of goods and a [[transport]] system, such as [[railway]], [[road transport]] or [[pipeline transport]] facilities for relaying goods inland.
==Natural harbors==
A natural harbor is a [[landform]] where a part of a [[body of water]] is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. Natural harbors have long been of great [[Military strategy|strategic]] and [[economic]] importance. Many of the great cities of the world are located on a natural harbor. Having a protected harbour reduces or eliminates the use of breakwaters as it will result in calmer waves inside the harbour.
==Ice-free harbors==
{{main|Ice-free port}}
For harbors near the [[geographical pole|poles]], being [[ice-free port|ice-free]] is an important advantage, ideally all-year round. Examples are [[Murmansk]] ([[Russia]]), [[Petsamo]] (Russia, formerly [[Finland]]), [[Hammerfest]], [[Vardø]], and [[Prince Rupert Harbour|Prince Rupert]] ([[Canada]]). The southern-most harbor, at Antarctica's [[Winter Quarters Bay]] (77°50′S), presents a potentially ice-free harbor, dependent on summer [[pack ice]] conditions.<ref>[http://www.nsf.gov/about/budget/fy2000/00OPP.htm U.S. Polar Programs] National Science Foundation FY2000.</ref>
==Temporary harbors==
[[Image:St. John's, NFLD harbour.jpg|thumb|right|[[St. John's, Newfoundland|St. John's]] harbour, Newfoundland]]
Sometimes a harbor is needed where one isn't available due to damage, such as in times of war. In this case a temporary harbor may be built and transported in pieces to the location. The most notable of these were the two [[Mulberry harbour]]s used during the [[Operation Overlord|D-Day]] invasion of [[Normandy]] in [[World War II]].
==Notable harbors==
[[Image:harbour.clovelly.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|The tiny harbour at the village of [[Clovelly]], [[Devon]], [[England]]]]
The following are large natural harbors:
* [[Trincomalee, Sri Lanka|Trincomalee]], [[Sri Lanka]]
* [[Salvador, Brazil|Salvador]], [[Brazil]]
* [[Inner Harbor|Baltimore's Inner Harbor]], [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], [[United States]]
* [[Boston Harbor]], [[United States]]
* Willemstad Harbour; [[Curaçao]], [[Netherlands Antilles]]
* [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]], [[United States]]
* [[Cork Harbour]], [[Republic of Ireland]]
* [[Durban, South Africa|Durban]], [[South Africa]]
* [[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]], [[Cornwall]], [[England]]
* [[Freetown|Freetown Harbour]], [[Sierra Leone]]
* [[Grand Harbour]], [[Malta]]
* [[Halifax Harbour]], [[Nova Scotia]] [[Canada]]
* [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], [[Jamaica]]
* [[Manila Bay]], [[Philippines]]
* [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
* [[Kochi]], [[India]]
* [[New York Harbor]], [[United States]]
* [[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]]
* [[Oslofjord]], [[Norway]]
* [[Pearl Harbor]], [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]]
* [[Plymouth Sound]], [[Devon]], [[England]]
* [[Poole Harbour]], [[Dorset]], [[England]]
* [[Port Phillip]], [[Victoria, Australia]]
* [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Guanabara Bay]], [[Brazil]]
* [[San Francisco Bay]], [[United States]]
* [[San Diego Bay]], [[San Diego, California]]
* [[Port Jackson]], [[Australia]]
* [[Tokyo Bay]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
* [[Vancouver]], [[Canada]]
* [[Wellington Harbour]], [[New Zealand]]
* [[Aberdeen Harbour]],[[Scotland]]
Artificial harbors are frequently built for use as ports. The largest artificially created harbor is in [[Rotterdam]], [[The Netherlands]].
The busiest harbor is the twin [[Port of Los Angeles]] and [[Port of Long Beach]] in southern [[California]] in the [[United States]].
[[Image:capri.harbour.from.above.arp.jpg|thumb|right|[[Capri]] harbour, [[Italy]] seen from [[Anacapri]] ]]
Other notable harbors include:
*[[Port of Antwerp]], [[Flanders]], [[Belgium]]
*[[Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge]], [[Flanders]], [[Belgium]]
*[[Hamburg Harbour]], [[Germany]]
*[[Hampton Roads]], [[Virginia]], United States
*[[Keppel Harbour]], [[Singapore]]
*[[Victoria Harbour]] [[Hong Kong]], [[People's Republic of China]] (see also [[List of harbours in Hong Kong]])
*[[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]]
*[[Keelung]], Taiwan
*[[New Haven Harbor]], [[United States]]
*[[Manukau Harbour]], [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]
*[[Kaipara Harbour]], [[New Zealand]]
*[[Trondheim]], [[Norway]]
*[[Portland Harbour]], [[Dorset]], [[England]]
*[[Belém]], [[Brazil]]
*[[Kahului]], [[Hawaii]]
==See also==
* [[Dock (maritime)|Dock]]
* [[Dockyard]]
* [[Ice pier]]
* [[Marina]], [[List of Marinas]]
* [[Port]]
* [[Roadstead]]
* [[Quay]]
* [[Seaport]], [[List of seaports]]
* [[Wharf]]
* [[Boyd's Automatic tide signalling apparatus]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{commonscat|Harbors}}
[[Category:Ports and harbours| ]]
[[Category:Coastal construction]]
[[Category:Nautical terms]]
[[ar:ميناء]]
[[br:Porzh (evit listri)]]
[[cs:Přístav]]
[[da:Havn]]
[[de:Hafen]]
[[es:Puerto]]
[[eo:Haveno]]
[[fa:لنگرگاه]]
[[fr:Port (marine)]]
[[gd:Acarsaid]]
[[is:Náttúruleg höfn]]
[[it:Porto (struttura)]]
[[sw:bandari asilia]]
[[nl:Haven]]
[[ja:港湾]]
[[no:Havn]]
[[nn:Naturleg hamn]]
[[nds:Haven]]
[[ru:Гавань (география)]]
[[simple:Harbor]]
[[sv:Hamn]]
[[ta:துறைமுகம்]]
[[tr:Liman]]