Harbor 13475 225693741 2008-07-14T22:58:13Z 123.237.131.9 /* Notable harbors */ {{otheruses}} [[Image:PortJackson 2004 SeanMcClean.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Port Jackson]], [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]]] A '''harbor''' or '''harbour''' (see [[American and British English spelling differences|spelling differences]]), or '''haven''', is a place where ships may shelter from the [[weather]] or are stored. Harbors can be man-made or natural. A man-made harbor will have sea walls or [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwaters]] and may require [[dredging]]. A natural harbor is surrounded on most sides by land. Harbors and [[port]]s are often confused. A port is a man-made [[coast]]al or riverine facility where [[boat]]s and [[ship]]s can load and unload. It may consist of [[quay]]s, [[wharf]]s, [[jetty|jetties]], [[pier]]s and [[slipway]]s with [[crane (machine)|cranes]] or ramps. A port may have magazine buildings or warehouses for storage of goods and a [[transport]] system, such as [[railway]], [[road transport]] or [[pipeline transport]] facilities for relaying goods inland. ==Natural harbors== A natural harbor is a [[landform]] where a part of a [[body of water]] is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. Natural harbors have long been of great [[Military strategy|strategic]] and [[economic]] importance. Many of the great cities of the world are located on a natural harbor. Having a protected harbour reduces or eliminates the use of breakwaters as it will result in calmer waves inside the harbour. ==Ice-free harbors== {{main|Ice-free port}} For harbors near the [[geographical pole|poles]], being [[ice-free port|ice-free]] is an important advantage, ideally all-year round. Examples are [[Murmansk]] ([[Russia]]), [[Petsamo]] (Russia, formerly [[Finland]]), [[Hammerfest]], [[Vardø]], and [[Prince Rupert Harbour|Prince Rupert]] ([[Canada]]). The southern-most harbor, at Antarctica's [[Winter Quarters Bay]] (77°50′S), presents a potentially ice-free harbor, dependent on summer [[pack ice]] conditions.<ref>[http://www.nsf.gov/about/budget/fy2000/00OPP.htm U.S. Polar Programs] National Science Foundation FY2000.</ref> ==Temporary harbors== [[Image:St. John's, NFLD harbour.jpg|thumb|right|[[St. John's, Newfoundland|St. John's]] harbour, Newfoundland]] Sometimes a harbor is needed where one isn't available due to damage, such as in times of war. In this case a temporary harbor may be built and transported in pieces to the location. The most notable of these were the two [[Mulberry harbour]]s used during the [[Operation Overlord|D-Day]] invasion of [[Normandy]] in [[World War II]]. ==Notable harbors== [[Image:harbour.clovelly.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|The tiny harbour at the village of [[Clovelly]], [[Devon]], [[England]]]] The following are large natural harbors: * [[Trincomalee, Sri Lanka|Trincomalee]], [[Sri Lanka]] * [[Salvador, Brazil|Salvador]], [[Brazil]] * [[Inner Harbor|Baltimore's Inner Harbor]], [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], [[United States]] * [[Boston Harbor]], [[United States]] * Willemstad Harbour; [[Curaçao]], [[Netherlands Antilles]] * [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]], [[United States]] * [[Cork Harbour]], [[Republic of Ireland]] * [[Durban, South Africa|Durban]], [[South Africa]] * [[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]], [[Cornwall]], [[England]] * [[Freetown|Freetown Harbour]], [[Sierra Leone]] * [[Grand Harbour]], [[Malta]] * [[Halifax Harbour]], [[Nova Scotia]] [[Canada]] * [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], [[Jamaica]] * [[Manila Bay]], [[Philippines]] * [[Mumbai]], [[India]] * [[Kochi]], [[India]] * [[New York Harbor]], [[United States]] * [[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]] * [[Oslofjord]], [[Norway]] * [[Pearl Harbor]], [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]] * [[Plymouth Sound]], [[Devon]], [[England]] * [[Poole Harbour]], [[Dorset]], [[England]] * [[Port Phillip]], [[Victoria, Australia]] * [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Guanabara Bay]], [[Brazil]] * [[San Francisco Bay]], [[United States]] * [[San Diego Bay]], [[San Diego, California]] * [[Port Jackson]], [[Australia]] * [[Tokyo Bay]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] * [[Vancouver]], [[Canada]] * [[Wellington Harbour]], [[New Zealand]] * [[Aberdeen Harbour]],[[Scotland]] Artificial harbors are frequently built for use as ports. The largest artificially created harbor is in [[Rotterdam]], [[The Netherlands]]. The busiest harbor is the twin [[Port of Los Angeles]] and [[Port of Long Beach]] in southern [[California]] in the [[United States]]. [[Image:capri.harbour.from.above.arp.jpg|thumb|right|[[Capri]] harbour, [[Italy]] seen from [[Anacapri]] ]] Other notable harbors include: *[[Port of Antwerp]], [[Flanders]], [[Belgium]] *[[Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge]], [[Flanders]], [[Belgium]] *[[Hamburg Harbour]], [[Germany]] *[[Hampton Roads]], [[Virginia]], United States *[[Keppel Harbour]], [[Singapore]] *[[Victoria Harbour]] [[Hong Kong]], [[People's Republic of China]] (see also [[List of harbours in Hong Kong]]) *[[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]] *[[Keelung]], Taiwan *[[New Haven Harbor]], [[United States]] *[[Manukau Harbour]], [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]] *[[Kaipara Harbour]], [[New Zealand]] *[[Trondheim]], [[Norway]] *[[Portland Harbour]], [[Dorset]], [[England]] *[[Belém]], [[Brazil]] *[[Kahului]], [[Hawaii]] ==See also== * [[Dock (maritime)|Dock]] * [[Dockyard]] * [[Ice pier]] * [[Marina]], [[List of Marinas]] * [[Port]] * [[Roadstead]] * [[Quay]] * [[Seaport]], [[List of seaports]] * [[Wharf]] * [[Boyd's Automatic tide signalling apparatus]] ==Notes== {{reflist}} {{commonscat|Harbors}} [[Category:Ports and harbours| ]] [[Category:Coastal construction]] [[Category:Nautical terms]] [[ar:ميناء]] [[br:Porzh (evit listri)]] [[cs:Přístav]] [[da:Havn]] [[de:Hafen]] [[es:Puerto]] [[eo:Haveno]] [[fa:لنگرگاه]] [[fr:Port (marine)]] [[gd:Acarsaid]] [[is:Náttúruleg höfn]] [[it:Porto (struttura)]] [[sw:bandari asilia]] [[nl:Haven]] [[ja:港湾]] [[no:Havn]] [[nn:Naturleg hamn]] [[nds:Haven]] [[ru:Гавань (география)]] [[simple:Harbor]] [[sv:Hamn]] [[ta:துறைமுகம்]] [[tr:Liman]]