Hardnesses of the elements (data page)
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2008-01-21T03:27:10Z
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/71.123.71.43|71.123.71.43]] ([[User talk:71.123.71.43|talk]]) to last version by Kurykh
<< ''[[Chemical elements data references]]''
== [[Mohs hardness]] ==
{| class="wikitable"
! number !! symbol !! name !! Mohs hardness
|-
| 3 || Li || [[lithium]] <!-- 3 Li -->
| 0.6
|-
| 4 || Be || [[beryllium]] <!-- 4 Be -->
| 5.5
|-
| 5 || B || [[boron]] <!-- 5 B -->
| 9.3
|-
| 6 || C || [[carbon]] <!-- 6 C -->
| (graphite) 0.5
|-
| 6 || C || [[carbon]] <!-- 6 C -->
| (diamond) 10.0
|-
| 11 || Na || [[sodium]] <!-- 11 Na -->
| 0.5
|-
| 12 || Mg || [[magnesium]] <!-- 12 Mg -->
| 2.5
|-
| 13 || Al || [[aluminium]] <!-- 13 Al -->
| 2.75
|-
| 14 || Si || [[silicon]] <!-- 14 Si -->
| 6.5
|-
| 16 || S || [[sulfur]] <!-- 16 S -->
| 2.0
|-
| 19 || K || [[potassium]] <!-- 19 K -->
| 0.4
|-
| 20 || Ca || [[calcium]] <!-- 20 Ca -->
| 1.75
|-
| 22 || Ti || [[titanium]] <!-- 22 Ti -->
| 6.0
|-
| 23 || V || [[vanadium]] <!-- 23 V -->
| 7.0
|-
| 24 || Cr || [[chromium]] <!-- 24 Cr -->
| 8.5
|-
| 25 || Mn || [[manganese]] <!-- 25 Mn -->
| 6.0
|-
| 26 || Fe || [[iron]] <!-- 26 Fe -->
| 4.0
|-
| 27 || Co || [[cobalt]] <!-- 27 Co -->
| 5.0
|-
| 28 || Ni || [[nickel]] <!-- 28 Ni -->
| 4.0
|-
| 29 || Cu || [[copper]] <!-- 29 Cu -->
| 3.0
|-
| 30 || Zn || [[zinc]] <!-- 30 Zn -->
| 2.5
|-
| 31 || Ga || [[gallium]] <!-- 31 Ga -->
| 1.5
|-
| 32 || Ge || [[germanium]] <!-- 32 Ge -->
| 6.0
|-
| 33 || As || [[arsenic]] <!-- 33 As -->
| 3.5
|-
| 34 || Se || [[selenium]] <!-- 34 Se -->
| 2.0
|-
| 37 || Rb || [[rubidium]] <!-- 37 Rb -->
| 0.3
|-
| 38 || Sr || [[strontium]] <!-- 38 Sr -->
| 1.5
|-
| 40 || Zr || [[zirconium]] <!-- 40 Zr -->
| 5.0
|-
| 41 || Nb || [[niobium]] <!-- 41 Nb -->
| 6.0
|-
| 42 || Mo || [[molybdenum]] <!-- 42 Mo -->
| 5.5
|-
| 44 || Ru || [[ruthenium]] <!-- 44 Ru -->
| 6.5
|-
| 45 || Rh || [[rhodium]] <!-- 45 Rh -->
| 6.0
|-
| 46 || Pd || [[palladium]] <!-- 46 Pd -->
| 4.75
|-
| 47 || Ag || [[silver]] <!-- 47 Ag -->
| 2.5
|-
| 48 || Cd || [[cadmium]] <!-- 48 Cd -->
| 2.0
|-
| 49 || In || [[indium]] <!-- 49 In -->
| 1.2
|-
| 50 || Sn || [[tin]] <!-- 50 Sn -->
| 1.5
|-
| 51 || Sb || [[antimony]] <!-- 51 Sb -->
| 3.0
|-
| 52 || Te || [[tellurium]] <!-- 52 Te -->
| 2.25
|-
| 55 || Cs || [[caesium]] <!-- 55 Cs -->
| 0.2
|-
| 56 || Ba || [[barium]] <!-- 56 Ba -->
| 1.25
|-
| 57 || La || [[lanthanum]] <!-- 57 La -->
| 2.5
|-
| 58 || Ce || [[cerium]] <!-- 58 Ce -->
| 2.5
|-
| 72 || Hf || [[hafnium]] <!-- 72 Hf -->
| 5.5
|-
| 73 || Ta || [[tantalum]] <!-- 73 Ta -->
| 6.5
|-
| 74 || W || [[tungsten]] <!-- 74 W -->
| 7.5
|-
| 75 || Re || [[rhenium]] <!-- 75 Re -->
| 7.0
|-
| 76 || Os || [[osmium]] <!-- 76 Os -->
| 7.0
|-
| 77 || Ir || [[iridium]] <!-- 77 Ir -->
| 6.5
|-
| 78 || Pt || [[platinum]] <!-- 78 Pt -->
| 3.5
|-
| 79 || Au || [[gold]] <!-- 79 Au -->
| 2.5
|-
| 80 || Hg || [[mercury (element)|mercury]] <!-- 80 Hg -->
| 1.5
|-
| 81 || Tl || [[thallium]] <!-- 81 Tl -->
| 1.2
|-
| 82 || Pb || [[lead]] <!-- 82 Pb -->
| 1.5
|-
| 83 || Bi || [[bismuth]] <!-- 83 Bi -->
| 2.25
|-
| 90 || Th || [[thorium]] <!-- 90 Th -->
| 3.0
|-
| 92 || U || [[uranium]] <!-- 92 U -->
| 6.0
|}
== [[Vickers hardness]] ==
{| class="wikitable"
! number !! symbol !! name !! Vickers hardness/(MN/m²)
|-
| 4 || Be || [[beryllium]] <!-- 4 Be -->
| 1670
|-
| 5 || B || [[boron]] <!-- 5 B -->
| 49000
|-
| 13 || Al || [[aluminium]] <!-- 13 Al -->
| 167
|-
| 22 || Ti || [[titanium]] <!-- 22 Ti -->
| 970
|-
| 23 || V || [[vanadium]] <!-- 23 V -->
| 628
|-
| 24 || Cr || [[chromium]] <!-- 24 Cr -->
| 1060
|-
| 26 || Fe || [[iron]] <!-- 26 Fe -->
| 608
|-
| 27 || Co || [[cobalt]] <!-- 27 Co -->
| 1043
|-
| 28 || Ni || [[nickel]] <!-- 28 Ni -->
| 638
|-
| 29 || Cu || [[copper]] <!-- 29 Cu -->
| 369
|-
| 40 || Zr || [[zirconium]] <!-- 40 Zr -->
| 903
|-
| 41 || Nb || [[niobium]] <!-- 41 Nb -->
| 1320
|-
| 42 || Mo || [[molybdenum]] <!-- 42 Mo -->
| 1530
|-
| 45 || Rh || [[rhodium]] <!-- 45 Rh -->
| 1246
|-
| 46 || Pd || [[palladium]] <!-- 46 Pd -->
| 461
|-
| 47 || Ag || [[silver]] <!-- 47 Ag -->
| 251
|-
| 57 || La || [[lanthanum]] <!-- 57 La -->
| 491
|-
| 58 || Ce || [[cerium]] <!-- 58 Ce -->
| 270
|-
| 59 || Pr || [[praseodymium]] <!-- 59 Pr -->
| 400
|-
| 60 || Nd || [[neodymium]] <!-- 60 Nd -->
| 343
|-
| 62 || Sm || [[samarium]] <!-- 62 Sm -->
| 412
|-
| 63 || Eu || [[europium]] <!-- 63 Eu -->
| 167
|-
| 64 || Gd || [[gadolinium]] <!-- 64 Gd -->
| 570
|-
| 65 || Tb || [[terbium]] <!-- 65 Tb -->
| 863
|-
| 66 || Dy || [[dysprosium]] <!-- 66 Dy -->
| 540
|-
| 67 || Ho || [[holmium]] <!-- 67 Ho -->
| 481
|-
| 68 || Er || [[erbium]] <!-- 68 Er -->
| 589
|-
| 69 || Tm || [[thulium]] <!-- 69 Tm -->
| 520
|-
| 70 || Yb || [[ytterbium]] <!-- 70 Yb -->
| 206
|-
| 71 || Lu || [[lutetium]] <!-- 71 Lu -->
| 1160
|-
| 72 || Hf || [[hafnium]] <!-- 72 Hf -->
| 1760
|-
| 73 || Ta || [[tantalum]] <!-- 73 Ta -->
| 873
|-
| 74 || W || [[tungsten]] <!-- 74 W -->
| 3430
|-
| 75 || Re || [[rhenium]] <!-- 75 Re -->
| 2450
|-
| 77 || Ir || [[iridium]] <!-- 77 Ir -->
| 1760
|-
| 78 || Pt || [[platinum]] <!-- 78 Pt -->
| 549
|-
| 79 || Au || [[gold]] <!-- 79 Au -->
| 216
|-
| 90 || Th || [[thorium]] <!-- 90 Th -->
| 350
|-
| 92 || U || [[uranium]] <!-- 92 U -->
| 1960
|}
== [[Brinell hardness test|Brinell hardness]] ==
{| class="wikitable"
! number !! symbol !! name !! Brinell hardness/(MN/m²)
|-
| 4 || Be || [[beryllium]] <!-- 4 Be -->
| 600
|-
| 11 || Na || [[sodium]] <!-- 11 Na -->
| 0.69
|-
| 12 || Mg || [[magnesium]] <!-- 12 Mg -->
| 260
|-
| 13 || Al || [[aluminium]] <!-- 13 Al -->
| 245
|-
| 19 || K || [[potassium]] <!-- 19 K -->
| 0.363
|-
| 20 || Ca || [[calcium]] <!-- 20 Ca -->
| 167
|-
| 21 || Sc || [[scandium]] <!-- 21 Sc -->
| 750
|-
| 22 || Ti || [[titanium]] <!-- 22 Ti -->
| 716
|-
| 23 || V || [[vanadium]] <!-- 23 V -->
| 628
|-
| 24 || Cr || [[chromium]] <!-- 24 Cr -->
| 1120
|-
| 25 || Mn || [[manganese]] <!-- 25 Mn -->
| 196
|-
| 26 || Fe || [[iron]] <!-- 26 Fe -->
| 490
|-
| 27 || Co || [[cobalt]] <!-- 27 Co -->
| 700
|-
| 28 || Ni || [[nickel]] <!-- 28 Ni -->
| 700
|-
| 29 || Cu || [[copper]] <!-- 29 Cu -->
| 874
|-
| 30 || Zn || [[zinc]] <!-- 30 Zn -->
| 412
|-
| 31 || Ga || [[gallium]] <!-- 31 Ga -->
| 60
|-
| 33 || As || [[arsenic]] <!-- 33 As -->
| 1440
|-
| 34 || Se || [[selenium]] <!-- 34 Se -->
| 736
|-
| 37 || Rb || [[rubidium]] <!-- 37 Rb -->
| 0.216
|-
| 39 || Y || [[yttrium]] <!-- 39 Y -->
| 589
|-
| 40 || Zr || [[zirconium]] <!-- 40 Zr -->
| 650
|-
| 41 || Nb || [[niobium]] <!-- 41 Nb -->
| 736
|-
| 42 || Mo || [[molybdenum]] <!-- 42 Mo -->
| 1500
|-
| 44 || Ru || [[ruthenium]] <!-- 44 Ru -->
| 2160
|-
| 45 || Rh || [[rhodium]] <!-- 45 Rh -->
| 1100
|-
| 46 || Pd || [[palladium]] <!-- 46 Pd -->
| 37.3
|-
| 47 || Ag || [[silver]] <!-- 47 Ag -->
| 24.5
|-
| 48 || Cd || [[cadmium]] <!-- 48 Cd -->
| 203
|-
| 49 || In || [[indium]] <!-- 49 In -->
| 8.83
|-
| 50 || Sn || [[tin]] <!-- 50 Sn -->
| 51
|-
| 51 || Sb || [[antimony]] <!-- 51 Sb -->
| 294
|-
| 52 || Te || [[tellurium]] <!-- 52 Te -->
| 180
|-
| 55 || Cs || [[caesium]] <!-- 55 Cs -->
| 0.14
|-
| 57 || La || [[lanthanum]] <!-- 57 La -->
| 363
|-
| 58 || Ce || [[cerium]] <!-- 58 Ce -->
| 412
|-
| 59 || Pr || [[praseodymium]] <!-- 59 Pr -->
| 481
|-
| 60 || Nd || [[neodymium]] <!-- 60 Nd -->
| 265
|-
| 62 || Sm || [[samarium]] <!-- 62 Sm -->
| 441
|-
| 65 || Tb || [[terbium]] <!-- 65 Tb -->
| 677
|-
| 66 || Dy || [[dysprosium]] <!-- 66 Dy -->
| 500
|-
| 67 || Ho || [[holmium]] <!-- 67 Ho -->
| 746
|-
| 68 || Er || [[erbium]] <!-- 68 Er -->
| 814
|-
| 69 || Tm || [[thulium]] <!-- 69 Tm -->
| 471
|-
| 70 || Yb || [[ytterbium]] <!-- 70 Yb -->
| 343
|-
| 71 || Lu || [[lutetium]] <!-- 71 Lu -->
| 893
|-
| 72 || Hf || [[hafnium]] <!-- 72 Hf -->
| 1700
|-
| 73 || Ta || [[tantalum]] <!-- 73 Ta -->
| 800
|-
| 74 || W || [[tungsten]] <!-- 74 W -->
| 2570
|-
| 75 || Re || [[rhenium]] <!-- 75 Re -->
| 1320
|-
| 76 || Os || [[osmium]] <!-- 76 Os -->
| 3920
|-
| 77 || Ir || [[iridium]] <!-- 77 Ir -->
| 1670
|-
| 78 || Pt || [[platinum]] <!-- 78 Pt -->
| 392
|-
| 79 || Au || [[gold]] <!-- 79 Au -->
| 2450
|-
| 81 || Tl || [[thallium]] <!-- 81 Tl -->
| 26.4
|-
| 82 || Pb || [[lead]] <!-- 82 Pb -->
| 38.3
|-
| 83 || Bi || [[bismuth]] <!-- 83 Bi -->
| 94.2
|-
| 90 || Th || [[thorium]] <!-- 90 Th -->
| 400
|-
| 92 || U || [[uranium]] <!-- 92 U -->
| 2400
|}
== References ==
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from this source:
* G.V. Samsonov (Ed.) in ''Handbook of the physicochemical properties of the elements'', IFI-Plenum, New York, USA, 1968.
[[Category:Chemical elements|*]]