Hardnesses of the elements (data page) 1769010 185780830 2008-01-21T03:27:10Z Mav 62 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/71.123.71.43|71.123.71.43]] ([[User talk:71.123.71.43|talk]]) to last version by Kurykh << ''[[Chemical elements data references]]'' == [[Mohs hardness]] == {| class="wikitable" ! number !! symbol !! name !! Mohs hardness |- | 3 || Li || [[lithium]] <!-- 3 Li --> | 0.6 |- | 4 || Be || [[beryllium]] <!-- 4 Be --> | 5.5 |- | 5 || B || [[boron]] <!-- 5 B --> | 9.3 |- | 6 || C || [[carbon]] <!-- 6 C --> | (graphite) 0.5 |- | 6 || C || [[carbon]] <!-- 6 C --> | (diamond) 10.0 |- | 11 || Na || [[sodium]] <!-- 11 Na --> | 0.5 |- | 12 || Mg || [[magnesium]] <!-- 12 Mg --> | 2.5 |- | 13 || Al || [[aluminium]] <!-- 13 Al --> | 2.75 |- | 14 || Si || [[silicon]] <!-- 14 Si --> | 6.5 |- | 16 || S || [[sulfur]] <!-- 16 S --> | 2.0 |- | 19 || K || [[potassium]] <!-- 19 K --> | 0.4 |- | 20 || Ca || [[calcium]] <!-- 20 Ca --> | 1.75 |- | 22 || Ti || [[titanium]] <!-- 22 Ti --> | 6.0 |- | 23 || V || [[vanadium]] <!-- 23 V --> | 7.0 |- | 24 || Cr || [[chromium]] <!-- 24 Cr --> | 8.5 |- | 25 || Mn || [[manganese]] <!-- 25 Mn --> | 6.0 |- | 26 || Fe || [[iron]] <!-- 26 Fe --> | 4.0 |- | 27 || Co || [[cobalt]] <!-- 27 Co --> | 5.0 |- | 28 || Ni || [[nickel]] <!-- 28 Ni --> | 4.0 |- | 29 || Cu || [[copper]] <!-- 29 Cu --> | 3.0 |- | 30 || Zn || [[zinc]] <!-- 30 Zn --> | 2.5 |- | 31 || Ga || [[gallium]] <!-- 31 Ga --> | 1.5 |- | 32 || Ge || [[germanium]] <!-- 32 Ge --> | 6.0 |- | 33 || As || [[arsenic]] <!-- 33 As --> | 3.5 |- | 34 || Se || [[selenium]] <!-- 34 Se --> | 2.0 |- | 37 || Rb || [[rubidium]] <!-- 37 Rb --> | 0.3 |- | 38 || Sr || [[strontium]] <!-- 38 Sr --> | 1.5 |- | 40 || Zr || [[zirconium]] <!-- 40 Zr --> | 5.0 |- | 41 || Nb || [[niobium]] <!-- 41 Nb --> | 6.0 |- | 42 || Mo || [[molybdenum]] <!-- 42 Mo --> | 5.5 |- | 44 || Ru || [[ruthenium]] <!-- 44 Ru --> | 6.5 |- | 45 || Rh || [[rhodium]] <!-- 45 Rh --> | 6.0 |- | 46 || Pd || [[palladium]] <!-- 46 Pd --> | 4.75 |- | 47 || Ag || [[silver]] <!-- 47 Ag --> | 2.5 |- | 48 || Cd || [[cadmium]] <!-- 48 Cd --> | 2.0 |- | 49 || In || [[indium]] <!-- 49 In --> | 1.2 |- | 50 || Sn || [[tin]] <!-- 50 Sn --> | 1.5 |- | 51 || Sb || [[antimony]] <!-- 51 Sb --> | 3.0 |- | 52 || Te || [[tellurium]] <!-- 52 Te --> | 2.25 |- | 55 || Cs || [[caesium]] <!-- 55 Cs --> | 0.2 |- | 56 || Ba || [[barium]] <!-- 56 Ba --> | 1.25 |- | 57 || La || [[lanthanum]] <!-- 57 La --> | 2.5 |- | 58 || Ce || [[cerium]] <!-- 58 Ce --> | 2.5 |- | 72 || Hf || [[hafnium]] <!-- 72 Hf --> | 5.5 |- | 73 || Ta || [[tantalum]] <!-- 73 Ta --> | 6.5 |- | 74 || W || [[tungsten]] <!-- 74 W --> | 7.5 |- | 75 || Re || [[rhenium]] <!-- 75 Re --> | 7.0 |- | 76 || Os || [[osmium]] <!-- 76 Os --> | 7.0 |- | 77 || Ir || [[iridium]] <!-- 77 Ir --> | 6.5 |- | 78 || Pt || [[platinum]] <!-- 78 Pt --> | 3.5 |- | 79 || Au || [[gold]] <!-- 79 Au --> | 2.5 |- | 80 || Hg || [[mercury (element)|mercury]] <!-- 80 Hg --> | 1.5 |- | 81 || Tl || [[thallium]] <!-- 81 Tl --> | 1.2 |- | 82 || Pb || [[lead]] <!-- 82 Pb --> | 1.5 |- | 83 || Bi || [[bismuth]] <!-- 83 Bi --> | 2.25 |- | 90 || Th || [[thorium]] <!-- 90 Th --> | 3.0 |- | 92 || U || [[uranium]] <!-- 92 U --> | 6.0 |} == [[Vickers hardness]] == {| class="wikitable" ! number !! symbol !! name !! Vickers hardness/(MN/m²) |- | 4 || Be || [[beryllium]] <!-- 4 Be --> | 1670 |- | 5 || B || [[boron]] <!-- 5 B --> | 49000 |- | 13 || Al || [[aluminium]] <!-- 13 Al --> | 167 |- | 22 || Ti || [[titanium]] <!-- 22 Ti --> | 970 |- | 23 || V || [[vanadium]] <!-- 23 V --> | 628 |- | 24 || Cr || [[chromium]] <!-- 24 Cr --> | 1060 |- | 26 || Fe || [[iron]] <!-- 26 Fe --> | 608 |- | 27 || Co || [[cobalt]] <!-- 27 Co --> | 1043 |- | 28 || Ni || [[nickel]] <!-- 28 Ni --> | 638 |- | 29 || Cu || [[copper]] <!-- 29 Cu --> | 369 |- | 40 || Zr || [[zirconium]] <!-- 40 Zr --> | 903 |- | 41 || Nb || [[niobium]] <!-- 41 Nb --> | 1320 |- | 42 || Mo || [[molybdenum]] <!-- 42 Mo --> | 1530 |- | 45 || Rh || [[rhodium]] <!-- 45 Rh --> | 1246 |- | 46 || Pd || [[palladium]] <!-- 46 Pd --> | 461 |- | 47 || Ag || [[silver]] <!-- 47 Ag --> | 251 |- | 57 || La || [[lanthanum]] <!-- 57 La --> | 491 |- | 58 || Ce || [[cerium]] <!-- 58 Ce --> | 270 |- | 59 || Pr || [[praseodymium]] <!-- 59 Pr --> | 400 |- | 60 || Nd || [[neodymium]] <!-- 60 Nd --> | 343 |- | 62 || Sm || [[samarium]] <!-- 62 Sm --> | 412 |- | 63 || Eu || [[europium]] <!-- 63 Eu --> | 167 |- | 64 || Gd || [[gadolinium]] <!-- 64 Gd --> | 570 |- | 65 || Tb || [[terbium]] <!-- 65 Tb --> | 863 |- | 66 || Dy || [[dysprosium]] <!-- 66 Dy --> | 540 |- | 67 || Ho || [[holmium]] <!-- 67 Ho --> | 481 |- | 68 || Er || [[erbium]] <!-- 68 Er --> | 589 |- | 69 || Tm || [[thulium]] <!-- 69 Tm --> | 520 |- | 70 || Yb || [[ytterbium]] <!-- 70 Yb --> | 206 |- | 71 || Lu || [[lutetium]] <!-- 71 Lu --> | 1160 |- | 72 || Hf || [[hafnium]] <!-- 72 Hf --> | 1760 |- | 73 || Ta || [[tantalum]] <!-- 73 Ta --> | 873 |- | 74 || W || [[tungsten]] <!-- 74 W --> | 3430 |- | 75 || Re || [[rhenium]] <!-- 75 Re --> | 2450 |- | 77 || Ir || [[iridium]] <!-- 77 Ir --> | 1760 |- | 78 || Pt || [[platinum]] <!-- 78 Pt --> | 549 |- | 79 || Au || [[gold]] <!-- 79 Au --> | 216 |- | 90 || Th || [[thorium]] <!-- 90 Th --> | 350 |- | 92 || U || [[uranium]] <!-- 92 U --> | 1960 |} == [[Brinell hardness test|Brinell hardness]] == {| class="wikitable" ! number !! symbol !! name !! Brinell hardness/(MN/m²) |- | 4 || Be || [[beryllium]] <!-- 4 Be --> | 600 |- | 11 || Na || [[sodium]] <!-- 11 Na --> | 0.69 |- | 12 || Mg || [[magnesium]] <!-- 12 Mg --> | 260 |- | 13 || Al || [[aluminium]] <!-- 13 Al --> | 245 |- | 19 || K || [[potassium]] <!-- 19 K --> | 0.363 |- | 20 || Ca || [[calcium]] <!-- 20 Ca --> | 167 |- | 21 || Sc || [[scandium]] <!-- 21 Sc --> | 750 |- | 22 || Ti || [[titanium]] <!-- 22 Ti --> | 716 |- | 23 || V || [[vanadium]] <!-- 23 V --> | 628 |- | 24 || Cr || [[chromium]] <!-- 24 Cr --> | 1120 |- | 25 || Mn || [[manganese]] <!-- 25 Mn --> | 196 |- | 26 || Fe || [[iron]] <!-- 26 Fe --> | 490 |- | 27 || Co || [[cobalt]] <!-- 27 Co --> | 700 |- | 28 || Ni || [[nickel]] <!-- 28 Ni --> | 700 |- | 29 || Cu || [[copper]] <!-- 29 Cu --> | 874 |- | 30 || Zn || [[zinc]] <!-- 30 Zn --> | 412 |- | 31 || Ga || [[gallium]] <!-- 31 Ga --> | 60 |- | 33 || As || [[arsenic]] <!-- 33 As --> | 1440 |- | 34 || Se || [[selenium]] <!-- 34 Se --> | 736 |- | 37 || Rb || [[rubidium]] <!-- 37 Rb --> | 0.216 |- | 39 || Y || [[yttrium]] <!-- 39 Y --> | 589 |- | 40 || Zr || [[zirconium]] <!-- 40 Zr --> | 650 |- | 41 || Nb || [[niobium]] <!-- 41 Nb --> | 736 |- | 42 || Mo || [[molybdenum]] <!-- 42 Mo --> | 1500 |- | 44 || Ru || [[ruthenium]] <!-- 44 Ru --> | 2160 |- | 45 || Rh || [[rhodium]] <!-- 45 Rh --> | 1100 |- | 46 || Pd || [[palladium]] <!-- 46 Pd --> | 37.3 |- | 47 || Ag || [[silver]] <!-- 47 Ag --> | 24.5 |- | 48 || Cd || [[cadmium]] <!-- 48 Cd --> | 203 |- | 49 || In || [[indium]] <!-- 49 In --> | 8.83 |- | 50 || Sn || [[tin]] <!-- 50 Sn --> | 51 |- | 51 || Sb || [[antimony]] <!-- 51 Sb --> | 294 |- | 52 || Te || [[tellurium]] <!-- 52 Te --> | 180 |- | 55 || Cs || [[caesium]] <!-- 55 Cs --> | 0.14 |- | 57 || La || [[lanthanum]] <!-- 57 La --> | 363 |- | 58 || Ce || [[cerium]] <!-- 58 Ce --> | 412 |- | 59 || Pr || [[praseodymium]] <!-- 59 Pr --> | 481 |- | 60 || Nd || [[neodymium]] <!-- 60 Nd --> | 265 |- | 62 || Sm || [[samarium]] <!-- 62 Sm --> | 441 |- | 65 || Tb || [[terbium]] <!-- 65 Tb --> | 677 |- | 66 || Dy || [[dysprosium]] <!-- 66 Dy --> | 500 |- | 67 || Ho || [[holmium]] <!-- 67 Ho --> | 746 |- | 68 || Er || [[erbium]] <!-- 68 Er --> | 814 |- | 69 || Tm || [[thulium]] <!-- 69 Tm --> | 471 |- | 70 || Yb || [[ytterbium]] <!-- 70 Yb --> | 343 |- | 71 || Lu || [[lutetium]] <!-- 71 Lu --> | 893 |- | 72 || Hf || [[hafnium]] <!-- 72 Hf --> | 1700 |- | 73 || Ta || [[tantalum]] <!-- 73 Ta --> | 800 |- | 74 || W || [[tungsten]] <!-- 74 W --> | 2570 |- | 75 || Re || [[rhenium]] <!-- 75 Re --> | 1320 |- | 76 || Os || [[osmium]] <!-- 76 Os --> | 3920 |- | 77 || Ir || [[iridium]] <!-- 77 Ir --> | 1670 |- | 78 || Pt || [[platinum]] <!-- 78 Pt --> | 392 |- | 79 || Au || [[gold]] <!-- 79 Au --> | 2450 |- | 81 || Tl || [[thallium]] <!-- 81 Tl --> | 26.4 |- | 82 || Pb || [[lead]] <!-- 82 Pb --> | 38.3 |- | 83 || Bi || [[bismuth]] <!-- 83 Bi --> | 94.2 |- | 90 || Th || [[thorium]] <!-- 90 Th --> | 400 |- | 92 || U || [[uranium]] <!-- 92 U --> | 2400 |} == References == As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from this source: * G.V. Samsonov (Ed.) in ''Handbook of the physicochemical properties of the elements'', IFI-Plenum, New York, USA, 1968. [[Category:Chemical elements|*]]