Hartebeest
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213886353
2008-05-21T05:30:08Z
Hesperian
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{{Taxobox
| name = Hartebeest
| status = LR/cd | status_system = IUCN2.3
| trend = down
| image = Alcelaphus buselaphus caama.jpg
| image_width = 220px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Artiodactyla]]
| familia = [[Bovidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Alcelaphinae]]
| genus = '''''Alcelaphus'''''
| species = '''''A. buselaphus'''''
| binomial = ''Alcelaphus buselaphus''
| binomial_authority = [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], [[1766]]
| synonyms = [[Martin Lichtenstein|Lichtenstein]] 1814
''Bubalis''
}}
The '''Hartebeest''' (''Alcelaphus buselaphus'') is a [[grassland]] [[antelope]] found in [[West Africa]], [[East Africa]] and [[Southern Africa]]. It is one of the three species classified in the genus ''Alcelaphus''<ref name=WilsonReeder2005>Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Available online]</ref>.
The Hartebeest stands almost 1.5 m (5 ft) at the shoulder and weighs anywhere from 120-200 kg (265-440 lb). Male Hartebeest are a dark brown colour while females are yellow brown. Both sexes have horns which can reach lengths up to 70 cm (27 in). Hartebeest live in grassland and open [[forest]] where they eat [[grass]]. They are [[Diurnal animal|diurnal]] and spend the morning and late afternoon eating. Herds contain five to twenty individuals but can occasionally contain up to three hundred and fifty.
==Subspecies==
[[Image:Hartebeest.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Coke's hartebeest in Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania.]]
Six subspecies have been described<ref name=WilsonReeder2005>Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Available online]</ref>, previously seven <ref name=IUCN2006>{{IUCN2006|assessors=Antelope Specialist Group|year=1996|id=811|title=Alcelaphus buselaphus|downloaded=11 May 2006}}</ref> when it stil included the [[Red Hartebeest]] which is now considered a distinct species after phylogeographic studies <ref name=WilsonReeder2005>Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Available online]</ref>.
:*[[Bubal Hartebeest]], ''Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus'' (Extinct)
:*Coke's Hartebeest or Kongoni, ''Alcelaphus buselaphus cokii''
:*[[Lelwel Hartebeest]], ''Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel''
:*Western Hartebeest, ''Alcelaphus buselaphus major''
:*[[Swayne's Hartebeest]], ''Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei''
:*Tora Hartebeest, ''Alcelaphus buselaphus tora''
Two subspecies cross breeds are recognised by some sectors the commercial hunting fraternity.
:*Kenya Highland Hartebeest, ''Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel x cokii''
:*Neumann Hartebeest, ''Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel x swaynei''. (Ethiopia)
==Other species==
* [[Red Hartebeest]] ''Alcelaphus caama''.<ref name=WilsonReeder2005>Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Available online]</ref>
* [[Lichtenstein's Hartebeest]], ''Alcelaphus lichtensteinii''<ref name=WilsonReeder2005>Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Available online]</ref> is classified by some in the ''Sigmoceros'' genus as ''Sigmoceros lichtensteinii''.
Two other species less commonly known as 'Hartebeest' are classed in the Damaliscus genus.
:*Korrigum (Senegal Hartebeest), ''Damaliscus lunatus korrigum''
:*Tiang (Tiang Hartebeest), ''Damaliscus lunatus tiang''
[[Image:HartebeestLyd3.png|thumb|Horns]]
==Etymology==
The word ''hartebeest'' comes from [[Afrikaans]] and was originally called ''hertebeest''. The name was given by the [[Boer]]s who thought it resembled [[deer]] (hert in [[Dutch language|Dutch]], the Dutch 'beest' means 'beast' in English).<ref name=Llewellyn1936>Llewellyn, E.C. (1936) The Influence of Low Dutch on the English Vocabulary. Chapter XIV The Influence of South African Dutch or Afrikaans on the English Vocabulary. Oxford University Press, Londen. [http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/llew001infl01_01/llew001infl01_01_0016.htm Available online]</ref>
==See also==
*[[Megalotragus]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.awf.org/wildlives/121 Hartebeest: Wildlife summary from the African Wildlife Foundation]
*[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Alcelaphus_buselaphus.html Animal Diversity Web Alcelaphus buselaphus (hartebeest)]
{{Artiodactyla|R.2}}
[[Category:Alcelaphinae]]
[[Category:Mammals of Africa]]
[[Category:Megafauna of Africa]]
[[Category:Fauna of West Africa]]
[[Category:Fauna of Sudan]]
[[Category:Fauna of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Fauna of East Africa]]
[[Category:Mammals of Kenya]]
[[Category:Fauna of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Fauna of Namibia]]
[[Category:Fauna of South Africa]]
[[Category:Fauna of Angola]]
[[ar:ثيتل]]
[[cs:Buvolec stepní]]
[[de:Kuhantilope]]
[[es:Alcelaphus buselaphus]]
[[eo:Stepa alcelafo]]
[[fr:Alcelaphus buselaphus]]
[[it:Alcelaphus buselaphus]]
[[lt:Galvijinė antilopė]]
[[nl:Hartenbeest]]
[[pl:Bawolec]]
[[pt:Búbalu]]
[[sv:Hartebeest]]
[[zh:狷羚]]