Hartebeest 939555 213886353 2008-05-21T05:30:08Z Hesperian 111359 add status system using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] {{Taxobox | name = Hartebeest | status = LR/cd | status_system = IUCN2.3 | trend = down | image = Alcelaphus buselaphus caama.jpg | image_width = 220px | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Artiodactyla]] | familia = [[Bovidae]] | subfamilia = [[Alcelaphinae]] | genus = '''''Alcelaphus''''' | species = '''''A. buselaphus''''' | binomial = ''Alcelaphus buselaphus'' | binomial_authority = [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], [[1766]] | synonyms = [[Martin Lichtenstein|Lichtenstein]] 1814 ''Bubalis'' }} The '''Hartebeest''' (''Alcelaphus buselaphus'') is a [[grassland]] [[antelope]] found in [[West Africa]], [[East Africa]] and [[Southern Africa]]. It is one of the three species classified in the genus ''Alcelaphus''<ref name=WilsonReeder2005>Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Available online]</ref>. The Hartebeest stands almost 1.5 m (5 ft) at the shoulder and weighs anywhere from 120-200 kg (265-440 lb). Male Hartebeest are a dark brown colour while females are yellow brown. Both sexes have horns which can reach lengths up to 70 cm (27 in). Hartebeest live in grassland and open [[forest]] where they eat [[grass]]. They are [[Diurnal animal|diurnal]] and spend the morning and late afternoon eating. Herds contain five to twenty individuals but can occasionally contain up to three hundred and fifty. ==Subspecies== [[Image:Hartebeest.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Coke's hartebeest in Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania.]] Six subspecies have been described<ref name=WilsonReeder2005>Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Available online]</ref>, previously seven <ref name=IUCN2006>{{IUCN2006|assessors=Antelope Specialist Group|year=1996|id=811|title=Alcelaphus buselaphus|downloaded=11 May 2006}}</ref> when it stil included the [[Red Hartebeest]] which is now considered a distinct species after phylogeographic studies <ref name=WilsonReeder2005>Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Available online]</ref>. :*[[Bubal Hartebeest]], ''Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus'' (Extinct) :*Coke's Hartebeest or Kongoni, ''Alcelaphus buselaphus cokii'' :*[[Lelwel Hartebeest]], ''Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel'' :*Western Hartebeest, ''Alcelaphus buselaphus major'' :*[[Swayne's Hartebeest]], ''Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei'' :*Tora Hartebeest, ''Alcelaphus buselaphus tora'' Two subspecies cross breeds are recognised by some sectors the commercial hunting fraternity. :*Kenya Highland Hartebeest, ''Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel x cokii'' :*Neumann Hartebeest, ''Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel x swaynei''. (Ethiopia) ==Other species== * [[Red Hartebeest]] ''Alcelaphus caama''.<ref name=WilsonReeder2005>Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Available online]</ref> * [[Lichtenstein's Hartebeest]], ''Alcelaphus lichtensteinii''<ref name=WilsonReeder2005>Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3 Available online]</ref> is classified by some in the ''Sigmoceros'' genus as ''Sigmoceros lichtensteinii''. Two other species less commonly known as 'Hartebeest' are classed in the Damaliscus genus. :*Korrigum (Senegal Hartebeest), ''Damaliscus lunatus korrigum'' :*Tiang (Tiang Hartebeest), ''Damaliscus lunatus tiang'' [[Image:HartebeestLyd3.png|thumb|Horns]] ==Etymology== The word ''hartebeest'' comes from [[Afrikaans]] and was originally called ''hertebeest''. The name was given by the [[Boer]]s who thought it resembled [[deer]] (hert in [[Dutch language|Dutch]], the Dutch 'beest' means 'beast' in English).<ref name=Llewellyn1936>Llewellyn, E.C. (1936) The Influence of Low Dutch on the English Vocabulary. Chapter XIV The Influence of South African Dutch or Afrikaans on the English Vocabulary. Oxford University Press, Londen. [http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/llew001infl01_01/llew001infl01_01_0016.htm Available online]</ref> ==See also== *[[Megalotragus]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.awf.org/wildlives/121 Hartebeest: Wildlife summary from the African Wildlife Foundation] *[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Alcelaphus_buselaphus.html Animal Diversity Web Alcelaphus buselaphus (hartebeest)] {{Artiodactyla|R.2}} [[Category:Alcelaphinae]] [[Category:Mammals of Africa]] [[Category:Megafauna of Africa]] [[Category:Fauna of West Africa]] [[Category:Fauna of Sudan]] [[Category:Fauna of Ethiopia]] [[Category:Fauna of East Africa]] [[Category:Mammals of Kenya]] [[Category:Fauna of Tanzania]] [[Category:Fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Fauna of the Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Fauna of Namibia]] [[Category:Fauna of South Africa]] [[Category:Fauna of Angola]] [[ar:ثيتل]] [[cs:Buvolec stepní]] [[de:Kuhantilope]] [[es:Alcelaphus buselaphus]] [[eo:Stepa alcelafo]] [[fr:Alcelaphus buselaphus]] [[it:Alcelaphus buselaphus]] [[lt:Galvijinė antilopė]] [[nl:Hartenbeest]] [[pl:Bawolec]] [[pt:Búbalu]] [[sv:Hartebeest]] [[zh:狷羚]]