Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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2008-06-13T02:10:58Z
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{{Refimprove|date=February 2008}}
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Hashimoto's thyroiditis |
Image = Hashimoto 4er.jpg |
Caption = Histology |
DiseasesDB = 5649 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|E|06|3|e|00}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|245.2}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = 140300 |
MedlinePlus = |
eMedicineSubj = med |
eMedicineTopic = 949 |
MeshID = D050031 |
}}
'''Hashimoto's thyroiditis''' or '''chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis''' is an [[autoimmune disease]] where the body's own T-cells attack the [[cell (biology)|cell]]s of the [[thyroid]]. It was the first disease to be recognised as an autoimmune disease.
This disorder is believed to be the most common cause of primary [[hypothyroid]]ism in [[North America]]. It occurs far more often in women than in men (10:1 to 20:1), and is most prevalent between 45 and 65 years of age.
In European countries, an [[atrophic]] form of [[autoimmune]] thyroiditis ([[Ord's thyroiditis]]) is more common than Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
==Causes==
A family history of thyroid disorders is common, with the ''[[HLA-DR antigens|HLA-DR]]5'' gene most strongly implicated conferring a [[relative risk]] of 3 in the UK.
The genes implicated vary in different ethnic groups and the incidence is increased in patients with chromosomal disorders, including [[Turner syndrome|Turner]], [[Down syndrome|Down's]], and [[Klinefelter's syndrome]]s.
The underlying specifics of the immune system destruction of thyroid cells is not clearly understood.<!-- This is from eMedicine article, see infobox -->
Various autoantibodies may be present against [[thyroid peroxidase]], [[thyroglobulin]] and [[TSH receptors]], although a small percentage of patients may have none of these antibodies present.<!-- This is from eMedicine article, see infobox --> A percentage of the population may also have these antibodies without developing Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
==Presentation==
In many cases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis results in [[hypothyroidism]], although in its acute phase, it can cause a transient hyperthyroidism [[hyperthyroidism|thyrotoxic]] state known as hashitoxicosis.
Physiologically, [[antibody|antibodies]] against [[thyroid peroxidase]] and/or [[thyroglobulin]] cause gradual destruction of [[thyroid follicle|follicle]]s in the [[thyroid]] gland. Accordingly, the disease can be detected clinically by looking for these antibodies in the blood. It is also characterised by invasion of the thyroid tissue by [[leukocytes]], mainly [[T-cell|T-lymphocytes]]. It is associated with [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]].
Symptoms of Hashimoto's thyroiditis might include symptoms of hyperthyroidism in the early phase of the disease, and then hypothyroidism. Weight gain, weight loss, depression, mania, fatigue, panic attacks, [[bradycardia]], [[tachycardia]], high cholesterol, reactive hypoglycemia, constipation, migraines, memory loss, infertility and hair loss are a few possible symptoms.
==Treatment==
Hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto's Thyroiditis is treated with thyroid hormone replacement. A small pill taken once a day should be able to keep the thyroid hormone levels normal. This medicine will, in most cases, need to be taken for the rest of the patient's life.
==Eponym==
[[Image:橋本通り.jpg|thumb|rigtht|150px|The explanation board
of ''Hashimoto Dori'' in [[Kyushu University]]]]
Also known as '''Hashimoto's disease''', Hashimoto's thyroiditis is named after the [[Japan]]ese physician [[Hashimoto Hakaru]] (1881−1934) of the medical school at [[Kyushu University]],<ref>{{WhoNamedIt|doctor|1974|Hakaru Hashimoto}}</ref> who first described the symptoms in 1912 in a German publication<ref>H. Hashimoto: ''Zur Kenntnis der lymphomatösen Veränderung der Schilddrüse (Struma lymphomatosa).'' Archiv für klinische Chirurgie, Berlin, 1912, 97: 219−248.</ref>.
==Symptoms==
Common symptoms in people with thyroiditis are:
*Enlarged thyroid area
*Weight loss or weight gain
*Frequent nausea
*Tiredness
*Possible depression
==Possible complications==
If untreated for an extended period, Hashimoto's thyroiditis may lead to muscle failure, including possible heart failure.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hashimotos-disease/DS00567 Hashimoto's disease] at the [[Mayo Clinic]]
* [http://www.thyroidproblems.org/hashimotos.php Hashimoto's Thyroiditis]
* [http://www.ahsta.com/Resources/ThyroidAutoimmunity/tabid/134/Default.aspx Thyroid Autoimmunity] at AHSTA Resources
{{Endocrine pathology}}
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Thyroid disease]]
[[de:Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis]]
[[es:Tiroiditis de Hashimoto]]
[[it:Tiroidite di Hashimoto]]
[[he:השימוטו תירואידיטיס]]
[[ja:橋本病]]
[[pl:Zapalenie tarczycy Hashimoto]]
[[ru:Зоб Хашимото]]
[[sv:Hashimotos sjukdom]]