Hat
471845
226123251
2008-07-16T22:33:21Z
71.38.245.164
{{otheruses}}
[[Image:Chapeaux en peau de castor.jpg|thumb|200px|A collection of 18th and 19th century hats]]
A '''hat''' is a headcovering. It may be worn for protection against the elements, for religious reasons, for safety, or as a [[fashion accessory]].<ref>http://www.fashion-era.com/hats-hair/hats_hair_1_wearing_hats_fashion_history.htm</ref> In the past, hats were an indicator of [[social status]]. In the military, they denote rank and regiment.
There are hats for men and hats for women, as well as hats worn by both sexes. Purveyors of men's hats are called [[hatter]]s and purveyors of women's hats are called [[Millinery|milliners]].
==Hat sizes==
Hat size is determined by measuring the [[circumference]] of a person's head about 1/2 [[inch]] (1.3 [[Metre#SI multiples|cm]]) above the ears and dividing by [[pi]]. In the [[United Kingdom|UK]], an equivalent hat size is an eighth of an inch smaller than in the [[United States|US]].<ref>[http://www.thehatsite.com/measuring.html Hat Sizing and How to Measure your Head]</ref> Inches or centimeters may be used depending on the manufacturer. Felt hats can be stretched for a custom fit. Cheaper hats come in standard sizes, such as small, medium, large. Some hats, like baseball caps, are adjustable.
==Parts of a hat==
A hat consists of four main parts:<ref>[http://www.davidmorgan.com/hatcare.html David Morgan: Hat Care]</ref>
* Crown – the portion of a hat covering the top of the head
* Brim – a projection of stiff material from the bottom of the hat's crown horizontally all around the circumference of the hat
* Peak or bill – a stiff projection at the front, to shade or shield the eyes from sun and rain
* Sweatband or hatband – a ribbon or band that runs around the bottom edge of the hat. The sweatband may be adjustable with a cord at the top
==Hat styles==
{{see also|List of hats and headgear}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Image
!Name
!Description
|-
|[[Image:Akubra-style hat.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Akubra]]'''
|Australian hat with similarities to fedoras and cowboy hats
|-
|
|'''Arab Headress'''
|Three piece ensemble consisting of a Thagiyah skull cap, Gutrah scarf, and Ogal black band. Gutrahs are plain white or checkered, denoting ethnic or national identities.{{Fact|date=July 2008}}
|-
|
|'''Army Hat'''
| Tall black hats with regimental crest worn by [[British Army]] until the late 19th Century
|-
|[[Image:Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball cap.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Baseball cap]]'''
|A type of soft cap with a long, stiffened and curved peak
|-
|[[Image:1st Sardinia Grenadiers Bastille Day 2007 n1.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Bearskin]]'''
|The tall, fur, full dress uniform hat of the [[Brigade of Guards]] designed to protect the footguards against sword-cuts, commonly seen at [[Buckingham Palace]]
|-
|[[Image:Beaver-felt-hat-ftl.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Beaver hat]]'''
|Hats made of felted beaver fur
|-
|[[Image:Austria-GreenBeret.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Beret]]'''
|Soft round cap, usually of wool felt, with a flat crown, worn by both men and women and traditionally associated with France. Also used in the military.
|-
|[[Image:Bicorne hat Ecole Polytechnique.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Bicorne]]'''
|Military hat with upturned corners
|-
|[[Image:BoaterStrawHat wb.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Boater (hat)|Boater]]'''
|Flat-brimmed and flat-topped straw hat, formerly worn by seamen, and now mostly at summer regattas or garden parties, often with a ribbon in club or college colours
|-
|[[Image:US Navy SEALs in from water.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Boonie hat]]'''
|A soft cotton hat wide-brim hat commonly used by militaries.
|-
|[[Image:Bowler Hat sw fcm.jpg|30px|left]]
|'''[[Bowler hat|Bowler / Derby]]'''
|A hard felt hat with a rounded crown created in 1850 by Lock's of [[St James's]], the [[hatters]] to Thomas Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester, for his servants. Sometimes known as a derby hat
|-
|[[Image:Bucket hat line drawing.svg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Bucket hat]]'''
|A soft cotton hat with a wide, downwards-sloping brim
|-
|[[Image:8e hussards 1804(fr).jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Busby]]'''
|A small fur military hat
|-
|
|'''Dunce Cap'''
|A hat that was used as a punishment-humiliation hat in school during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is shaped like a cone and often has a big capital 'D' inscribed on the front.
|-
|
|'''[[Casquette]]'''
|A small-peaked cap often worn by cyclists
|-
|
|'''[[Cocked hat]]'''
| a naval hat worn by [[Captain]]s or [[Admirals]] in [[Europe]] and [[North America]]
|-
|[[Image:Vilmabanky.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Cloche hat]]'''
|Popular bell-shaped ladies hat of the 1920s
|-
|[[Image:Felthat.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Cowboy hat|Cowboy]]'''
|Rugged, utilitarian hats made of felt or straw featuring wide brims (four inches or more) to protect against rain and sun. Common styles include a safari style brim (with the brim turned down in the front and back) or a brim sharply curved up on either side.
|-
|[[Image:YellowHardHat.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Deerstalker]]'''
|Warm close-fitting tweed cap designed for hunting in the wet and windy Scottish climate, with brims in front and behind, and ear flaps which can be tied together either over the crown or under the chin; anachronistically associated with Sherlock Holmes.
|-
|[[Image:Fascinators.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Fascinator]]'''
|A small hat commonly made with feathers, flowers and/or beads. It attaches to the hair by a comb, headband or clip.
|-
|[[Image:Hatt.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Fedora (hat)|Fedora]]'''
|A soft felt hat with a lengthwise crease
|-
|[[Image:Fes.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Fez (clothing)|Fez]]'''
|Red felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone
|-
|<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Scallycap2.JPG|30px]] -->
|'''[[Flat cap]]'''
|A soft, round men's cap with a small brim in front
|-
|[[Image:Gatsbycapsmall.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Newsboy cap|Gatsby]]'''
|A soft brimmed hat popular in New York after the turn of the century made from eight quarter panels. Also known as a newsboy cap
|-
|[[Image:YoungMon.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Gaung Paung]]'''
|The Gaung Paung is part of the traditional attire of many ethnic races inhabiting modern day [[Myanmar]] - it is found in most of the Buddhist-professing ethnic groups - the [[Bamar]], [[Mon people]], [[Rakhine]] and [[Shan]]
|-
|[[Image:Schutzhelm.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Hard hat]]'''
|A helmet predominantly used in workplace environments, such as construction sites, to protect the head from injury by falling objects, debris and bad weather.
|-
|[[Image:Anders Zorn - Hugo Reisinger.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Homburg (hat)|Homburg]]'''
|German designed hat
|-
|[[Image:Képi gendarmerie pontificale.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Kepi]]'''
|A French military hat with a flat, circular top and visor.
|-
|[[Image:Kippa.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Kippah|Kippah or Yarmulke]]'''
|A small close-fitting skullcap worn by religious Jews
|-
|[[Image:LinusPaulingGraduation1922.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Mortarboard]]'''
|Flat, square hat with a tassel worn as part of [[academic dress]]
|-
|[[Image:Porkpie.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Porkpie]]'''
|Circular, flat topped hat
|-
|[[Image:PanamaHatHarryTruman.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Panama hat|Panama]]'''
|Straw hat made in Ecuador
|-
|[[Image:Silver enlaid salakot.JPG|left|30 px]]
|'''[[Salakot]]'''
|A traditional wide-brimmed hat in the Philippines
|-
|[[Image:Santa usairforce.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Santa Claus|Santa Hat]]'''
|A floppy pointed red hat trimmed in white fur traditionally associated with [[Christmas]]
|-
|
|'''[[Shtreimel]]'''
|A fur hat worn by married [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi Jewish]] men
|-
|[[Image:KFF.png|left|30px]]
|'''[[Slouch hat|Slouch]]'''
|Generic term covering wide-brimmed felt-crowned hats like those worn by the military and ranchers
|-
|[[Image:Adolf Friedrich Erdmann von Menzel cropped.JPG|30px]]
|'''[[Snood (headgear)|Snood]]'''
|A close-fitting net that gathers up the back of a woman's hair
|-
|[[Image:SombreroHarryTrumann.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Sombrero]]'''
|A Mexican hat with an unusually wide brim and conical crown
|-
|[[Image:Tophat.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Top hat]]'''
|A tall, flat-crowned, cylindrical hat worn by men in the 19th and early 20th centuries, now worn only with morning dress or evening dress. Also known as a stovepipe hat.
|-
|[[Image:Rosenberg - Selfportrait.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Trilby]]'''
|A soft felt men's hat with a narrow brim and a deeply indented crown
|-
|[[Image:Peter the Great Reenactor.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Tricorne]]'''
|A soft hat with a broad brim, pinned up on either side of the head and at the back, producing a triangular shape
|-
|[[Image:Tudor Bonnet.JPG|30px]]
|'''[[Tudor bonnet]]'''
|A soft round black academic cap, with a tassel hanging from a cord attached to the centre of the top of the hat
|-
|
|'''[[Tuque]]'''
|A knitted hat worn in winter usually made from wool or acrylic. Also known as a ski cap or a beanie.
|-
|[[Image:Sikh wearing turban.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Turban]]'''
|A headdress consisting of a long scarf wound around the head.
|-
|[[Image:Grayushanka.jpg|left|30px]]
|'''[[Ushanka]]'''
|Russian fur hat with fold down ear flaps
|-
|[[Image:Sombrero vueltiao.jpg|30px]]
|'''[[Sombrero vueltiao|Vueltiao]]'''
|A Colombian hat of woven and sewn black and khaki dried palm braids with indigenous figures.
|}
==Customs==
In Christian culture, men remove their hats when entering a [[church]]. In [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] cultures, it is customary to remove one's hat in the presence of a religious [[icon]]. Religious Jews wear a headcovering at all times, indoors and out. When entering a [[synagogue]], men and married women must cover their heads. Upon entering a mosque, headscarves are required for women.
In European culture, it was once customary for men to remove or tip their hat when greeting another person, especially a woman, as a sign of politeness.
==See also==
*[[Headgear]]
*[[Kufi]]--An African cap worn with the [[dashiki]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons|Category:Hats|Hats}}
* [http://www.tfia.com.au The Council of Textile & Fashion Industries of Australia]
* [http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/scales/hatsizes.html Different Sizing Schemes]
* [http://www.hatsuk.com Hats UK] has a Hat Bible and other resources.
* [http://www.thehatsite.com/felt.html The History of Felt Hats and Hat Making]
* [http://www.fabulous-hats.eu/ The History of Hats from antiquity to the 20th century]
{{Clothing}}
[[Category:Hats| ]]
[[gn:Akã ao]]
[[ay:Q'aspa]]
[[cs:Klobouk]]
[[pdc:Hut]]
[[de:Hut]]
[[es:Sombrero]]
[[eo:Ĉapelo]]
[[fa:کلاه]]
[[fr:Chapeau]]
[[gd:Ad]]
[[id:Topi]]
[[it:Cappello (abbigliamento)]]
[[he:כובע]]
[[ml:തൊപ്പി]]
[[nl:Hoed]]
[[no:Hatt]]
[[oc:Capèl]]
[[pl:Kapelusz]]
[[pt:Chapéu]]
[[qu:K'umpu]]
[[ru:Шляпа]]
[[simple:Hat]]
[[fi:Hattu]]
[[sv:Hatt]]
[[tr:Şapka]]