Hawk
56890
225681606
2008-07-14T21:43:48Z
MattieTK
434929
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/70.49.129.134|70.49.129.134]] to last version by 212.156.174.144 (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]])
{{otheruses}}
{{Taxobox
| name = Hawk
| image = Accipiter striatusDO1908P02CA.JPG
| image_width = 180px
| image_caption = [[Sharp-shinned Hawk]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Falconiformes]]
}}
The term '''hawk''' can be used in several ways:
* In strict usage in [[Europe]] and [[Asia]], to mean any of the [[species]] in the [[subfamily]] [[Accipitrinae]] in the [[genus|genera]] ''[[Accipiter]]'', ''[[Micronisus]]'', ''[[Melierax]]'', ''[[Urotriorchis]]'' and ''[[Megatriorchis]]''. The large and widespread ''[[Accipiter]]'' includes [[goshawk]]s, [[sparrowhawk]]s <!-- this is a link to a disambiguation page which contains an appropriate list -->, the [[Sharp-shinned Hawk]] and others. These are mainly woodland birds with long tails and high visual acuity, hunting by sudden dashes from a concealed perch.
* More generally (especially in [[North America]]) to mean small to medium-sized members of (often) the [[Falconidae]], [[Pandionidae]] (the Osprey) and the [[Accipitridae]] - the family which includes the "true hawks" ([[Accipiter]]s) as well as [[eagle]]s, [[Kite (bird)|kite]]s, [[harrier (bird)|harrier]]s and [[Buteo|buzzard]]s.
[[Image:Sacramento Zoo - Red-tailed Hawk 02.jpg|left|thumb|A Red-Tailed Hawk at the Sacramento Zoo in [[Sacramento]], CA, USA]]
* Loosely, to mean almost any [[bird of prey]] outside of the order [[Strigiformes]] (owls).
The common names of birds in various parts of the world often use ''hawk'' in the second sense. For example, the Osprey or "fish hawk"; or, in North America, the various ''Buteo'' species (e.g., the [[Red-tailed Hawk]], ''B. jamaicensis'').
In February 2005, [[Canada|Canadian]] [[ornithologist]] [[Louis Lefebvre]] announced a method of measuring avian "[[IQ]]" in terms of their innovation in feeding habits.<ref>http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-02/nsae-bit021605.php</ref> Hawks were named among the most intelligent birds based on his scale.
Hawks are widely reputed to have visual acuity several times that of a normal human being. This is due to the many [[photoreceptor]]s in the [[retina]] (up to 1,000,000 per square mm for ''Buteo'', against 200,000 for humans), an exceptional number of [[Neuron|nerves]] connecting these receptors to the [[brain]], and an indented [[fovea]], which magnifies the central portion of the [[visual field]].
==References==
{{refist}}
== External Links ==
* [http://karalahana.com/karalahana/karadeniz/sehir_rehberi/Hawking.html Sparrow hawks and Hawking , Turkey]
[[Category:Heraldic birds]]
[[Category:Birds of prey]]
[[ang:Hafoc]]
[[ca:Falcó]]
[[de:Habicht]]
[[es:Halcón]]
[[fa:شاهين]]
[[fr:Accipiter]]
[[ko:수리매]]
[[io:Sparviero]]
[[id:Rajawali]]
[[iu:ᑭᒡᒐᕕᒃ/kiggavik]]
[[hu:Héjaformák]]
[[ja:鷹]]
[[nl:Accipiter]]
[[pl:Jastrzębie]]
[[pt:Gavião]]
[[ru:Ястребы]]
[[sr:Соко]]
[[sv:Hökar]]
[[vi:Diều hâu]]