Hematological malignancy 604004 223483447 2008-07-04T07:32:28Z Thijs!bot 1392310 robot Adding: [[es:Neoplasias hematológicas]] {{Infobox_Disease | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = {{ICD10|C|81||c|81}}-{{ICD10|C|96||c|81}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|200}}-{{ICD9|208}} | ICDO = 9590-9999 | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D019337 }} '''Hematological malignancies''' are the types of [[cancer]] that affect [[blood]], [[bone marrow]], and [[lymph node]]s. As the three are intimately connected through the [[immune system]], a disease affecting one of the three will often affect the others as well: although [[lymphoma]] is technically a disease of the [[lymph node]]s, it often spreads to the [[bone marrow]], affecting the [[blood]] and occasionally producing a [[paraprotein]]. [[Chromosomal translocation]]s are a common cause of these diseases, while this is uncommon in solid tumors. This leads to a different approach in diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies. Although hematological malignancies are a form of [[cancer]], they are generally treated by specialists in [[hematology]], although in many hospitals [[oncology]] specialists also manage these diseases. ("Hematology/Oncology" is a single subspecialty of [[Internal Medicine]]; there are also surgical and radiation oncologists.) ==List of diseases== The ''hematological malignancies'' include: * [[Leukemia]]: ** [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] (ALL) ** [[Acute myelogenous leukemia]] (AML) ** [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia]] (CML) ** [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] (CLL) ** [[Hairy cell leukemia]] * [[Lymphoma]]: ** [[Hodgkin's disease]] (four subtypes) ** [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] (many subtypes) * [[Multiple myeloma]] Related disorders, which are generally not called "cancer": * [[Myelodysplastic syndrome]] (MDS) - can culminate in [[Acute myelogenous leukemia|AML]] * [[Myeloproliferative disease]]: ** [[Polycythemia vera]] (PV, PCV or occasionally ''polycythemia rubra vera'' - PRV) ** [[Essential thrombocytosis]] (ET) ** [[Myelofibrosis]] * [[Amyloid]] due to light-chain disease ==Diagnosis== For the analysis of a suspected ''hematological malignancy'', a [[complete blood count]] and [[blood film]] are essential, as malignant cells can show in characteristic ways on [[light microscopy]]. When there is [[lymphadenopathy]], a [[biopsy]] from a [[lymph node]] is generally undertaken [[surgery|surgically]]. In general, a [[bone marrow biopsy]] is part of the "work up" for the analysis of these diseases. All specimens are examined microscopically to determine the nature of the malignancy. A number of these diseases can now be classified by [[cytogenetics]] (AML, CML) or [[immunophenotyping]] (lymphoma, myeloma, CLL) of the malignant cells. ==Treatment== Treatment can occasionally consist of "watchful waiting" (e.g. in [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia|CLL]]) or symptomatic treatment (e.g. [[blood transfusion]]s in [[Myelodysplastic syndrome|MDS]]). The more aggressive forms of disease require treatment with [[chemotherapy]], [[radiotherapy]], [[immunotherapy]] and - in some cases - a [[bone marrow transplant]]. ==Follow-up== If treatment has been successful ("complete" or "partial remission"), a patient is generally followed up at regular intervals to detect recurrence and monitor for "secondary malignancy" (an uncommon side-effect of some [[chemotherapy]] and [[radiotherapy]] regimens - the appearance of another form of [[cancer]]). In the follow-up, which should be done at pre-determined regular intervals, general [[Medical history|anamnesis]] is combined with [[complete blood count]] and determination of [[lactate dehydrogenase]] or [[thymidine kinase]] in serum. {{Hematology}} {{Hematological malignancy histology}} [[Category:Blood disorders]] [[Category:Types of cancer]] [[ar:سرطان الدم]] [[bn:রক্তের সংহারক]] [[es:Neoplasias hematológicas]] [[fr:Hémopathie maligne]] [[lt:Kraujo vėžys]] [[bat-smg:Krauja vėžīs]]