Henan 166408 224069275 2008-07-07T04:27:51Z Lightbot 7178666 Units/dates/other {{otheruses}} {{coor title dm|33|50|N|113|30|E|region:CN_type:adm1st}} {{Infobox PRC province | ChineseName = 河南省 | Pinyin = Hénán Shěng | EnglishName = Henan Province | Name = Henan | Abbreviation = 豫 | AbbrevPinyin = Yù | ISOAbbrev = 41 | Map = China Henan.svg | MapSize = 275px | OriginOfName = 河 hé - [[Yellow River|(Yellow) River]] <br>南 nán - south <br>"south of the Yellow River" | AdministrationType = [[Province of China|Province]] | Capital = [[Zhengzhou]] | LargestCity = [[Zhengzhou]] | Official_languages = [[Standard Mandarin]] | Regional_languages/dialects = [[Zhongyuan Mandarin]], [[Jin (linguistics)|Jin]] | Secretary = [[Xu Guangchun]] 徐光春 | Governor = [[Guo Gengmao]] 郭庚茂 | Area_km2 = 167000 | AreaRank = 17th | PopYear = 2007 | Pop = 98,690,000 | PopRank = 1st | PopDensity_km2 = 591 | PopDensityRank = 6th | GDPYear = 2007 | GDP = 1.5058 trillion | GDPRank = 5th | GDPperCapita = 15,258 | GDPperCapitaRank = 16th | HDIYear = 2005 | HDI = 0.741 | HDIRank = 19th | HDICat = <font color="#ffcc00">medium</font> | Nationalities = [[Han Chinese|Han]] - 98.8%<br />[[Hui people|Hui]] - 1% | Prefectures = 17 | Counties = 159 | Townships = 2455 | Website = [http://www.henan.gov.cn www.henan.gov.cn] ([[Simplified Chinese]]) }} '''Henan''' ({{zh-cpw |c=河南 |p=Hénán |w=Ho-nan}}), is a [[political divisions of China|province]] of the [[People's Republic of China]], located in the central part of the country. Its one-[[Chinese character|character]] abbreviation is 豫 ([[pinyin]]: yù), named after [[Yuzhou (nine ancient provinces)|Yuzhou Province]] (豫州 Yù Zhōu), a [[Han Dynasty]] province (''[[zhou (political division)|zhou]]'') that included parts of Henan. The name ''Henan'' means "south of the [[Huang He|(Yellow) River]]" (Huang He).<ref>{{zh}} [http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html Origin of the Names of China's Provinces], [[People's Daily Online]].</ref> With nearly 100 million people, Henan is the most populous [[province of China]] ''by residency''. It borders [[Hebei]] to the north, [[Shandong]] to the northeast, [[Anhui]] to the southeast, [[Hubei]] to the south, [[Shaanxi]] to the west, and [[Shanxi]] to the northwest. Henan is often called '''[[Central Plain (China)|Zhongyuan]]''' (中原 zhōngyuán) or '''Zhongzhou''' (中州 zhōngzhōu), literally "central plains" or "midland"; this name is also broadly applied to the entire [[North China Plain]]. Henan is traditionally regarded as the cradle of [[Chinese civilization]]. ==History== Northern Henan, along the [[Yellow River]], was the core area of ancient China for at least the first half of Chinese history. The two cities of [[Luoyang]] and [[Kaifeng]] each served as the capital city of a long list of dynasties. Archaeological sites reveal that prehistoric cultures such as the [[Yangshao Culture]] and [[Longshan Culture]] were active in what is now northern Henan. The [[Erlitou culture]], which has been controversially identified with the [[Xia Dynasty]], the first Chinese dynasty as described in Chinese records, was also centered in Henan. The first literate dynasty of China, the [[Shang Dynasty]] ([[16th century BC|16th]]-11th century BC), was centered in Henan. Their last capital, Yin, was located at the modern city of [[Anyang]], Henan. In the 11th century BC, the [[Zhou Dynasty]] arrived from the west and destroyed the Shang Dynasty. Their capital was located initially in Hao (near present day [[Xi'an]] in [[Shaanxi]] province). In 722 BC, it was moved to [[Luoyang]], Henan. This began the [[Eastern Zhou Dynasty]], a period of warfare and rivalry. What is now Henan was divided into a variety of small states, including [[Hua (state)|Hua]] (destroyed by [[State of Qin|Qin]] in 627BC), [[state of Chen|Chen]], [[state of Cai|Cai]], [[state of Cao|Cao]], [[state of Zheng|Zheng]], [[Wei (Spring and Autumn Period)|Wei (衛)]], and powerful [[state of Jin|Jin]] from [[Shanxi]] to the north. Later on these were replaced with [[state of Han|Han]] and [[Wei (state)|Wei (魏)]]. Throughout this period the [[state of Chu]] also held much of what is now southern Henan. In 221 BC, the [[state of Qin]] from what is now [[Shaanxi]] completed the unification of China, establishing the first unified Chinese state, the [[Qin Dynasty]]. They were followed by the [[Han Dynasty]] in 206 BC, which initially put its capital in [[Chang'an]] (now [[Xi'an]], [[Shaanxi]]). The second half of this dynasty (the [[Eastern Han Dynasty]]) moved its capital to [[Luoyang]]. The late [[Eastern Han Dynasty]] saw war and rivalry between regional warlords. Henan was the power base of [[Cao Cao]], who was based in [[Xuchang]] and eventually succeeded in unifying all of northern China under the [[Kingdom of Wei]]. Wei then put its capital in [[Luoyang]]. The Western [[Jin Dynasty (265-420)|Jin Dynasty]] that followed also put its capital at [[Luoyang]]. In the 4th century, nomadic peoples from the north invaded northern China. Henan then came under the rule of many successive regimes, including the [[Later Zhao]], the [[Former Yan]], the [[Former Qin]], the [[Later Yan]], and the [[Later Qin]]. The [[Northern Wei Dynasty]], which unified North China in 439, moved its capital to [[Luoyang]] in 493. [[Image:Chinese Boddhisattva statue.jpg|thumb|right|150px|This [[limestone]] statue of a [[Boddhisattva]] was probably created in the Henan province around 570, in the [[Northern Qi Dynasty]].]] Northern Wei splintered in 534 and would not be restored until 589, when the [[Sui Dynasty]] reunified China. [[Emperor Yang of Sui China|Sui Emperor Yang's]] costly attempt to relocate the capital from [[Chang'an]] to [[Luoyang]] contributed to the downfall of Sui. The [[Tang Dynasty]] that followed kept its capital in [[Chang'an]] (modern [[Xi'an]], [[Shaanxi]]). The Tang lasted for three centuries, but eventually succumbed to internal strife. In the [[Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms]] that followed, [[Kaifeng]] was the capital of four dynasties: [[Later Liang Dynasty]], [[Later Jin Dynasty (Five Dynasties)|Later Jin Dynasty]], [[Later Han Dynasty (Five Dynasties)|Later Han Dynasty]], and [[Later Zhou Dynasty]]. The [[Song Dynasty]] that reunified China in 982 also had its capital at [[Kaifeng]]. Under Song rule, China entered a golden age of culture and prosperity, and Kaifeng was the largest city in the world&nbsp; [http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm]. In 1127, however, the Song Dynasty succumbed to [[Jurchen]] ([[Jinn Dynasty|Jin Dynasty]]) invaders from the north, and in 1142 had to cede away all of northern China, including Henan. By this point, cultural and economic development in the [[Yangtze River]] delta ''[[Jiangnan]]'' region (modern southern [[Jiangsu]], northern [[Zhejiang]], and [[Shanghai]]) had made that area into the new economic and cultural center of China, instead of Henan. Henan would forever lose this pre-eminent position. Kaifeng served as the Jurchen's "southern capital" from 1157 (other sources say 1161) and was reconstructed during this time. [http://www.san.beck.org/AB3-China.html#9] [http://www.upkorea.net/news/photo/7345-2-7037.pdf] But they kept their main capital further north, until 1214, when they were forced to move the imperial court southwards to [[Kaifeng]] in order to flee the [[Mongol]] onslaught. In 1234 they succumbed to combined [[Mongol]] and [[Song Dynasty]] forces. Mongols took control, and in 1279 they conquered all of China. Mongol rule over China ended in 1368. The [[Ming Dynasty]] that followed set up the equivalent of modern Henan province, with borders extremely similar to modern ones. The capital was, however, at [[Kaifeng]] instead of modern [[Zhengzhou]]. The [[Qing Dynasty]] (1644–1911) did not make any significant changes to this arrangement; nor did the [[Republic of China]] in their rule over [[Mainland China]] (1911–1949). The completion of the [[Pinghan Railway]] ([[Beijing]]-[[Hankou]]) made [[Zhengzhou]], a previously unnoted county town, into a major transportation hub. In 1954, the new [[People's Republic of China]] government moved the capital of Henan from [[Kaifeng]] to Zhengzhou. The PRC also established a short-lived [[Pingyuan Province]] consisting of what is now northern Henan and western [[Shandong]], with capital [[Xinxiang]]. This province was abolished in 1952. In 1958, Yashan in [[Suiping County]], Henan became the first [[people's commune]] of China, heralding the beginning of the "[[Great Leap Forward]]". In the subsequent famines of the early 1960s popularly attributed to the Great Leap Forward, Henan suffered terribly, with several million lives lost.&nbsp;[http://www.boxun.com/hero/dangshi/21_1.shtml] In 1975, the collapse of the [[Banqiao Dam]] and other dams in southern Henan, following a [[typhoon]] that caused extraordinarily high levels of rainfall, is estimated to have killed 230,000 people across several counties. This was the most deadly dam-related catastrophe in human history. In recent years the prevalence of "blood selling" (blood donation with pay) among poor villagers has put Henan in the spotlight of the nation. It was exposed that [[AIDS]] villages, where most of the population is [[HIV]] positive, have resulted because of poor sterilization techniques. The initial cover up of the crisis by local officials, followed by the national exposure, has put Henan in a somewhat negative light. In November 2004, martial law was declared in Zhongmou county, Henan, to quell deadly ethnic clashes between [[Han Chinese]] and the Muslim [[Hui Chinese]]. [http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501041115-750858,00.html] The reported number of deaths ranged between 7 and 148. ==Geography== [[Image:Longmen-grottoes-longmen-mountain-from-a-distance.jpg|right|thumb|299px|[[Longmen Grottoes]] (Mt. Longmen), [[Luoyang]], Henan.]] Henan is flat in the east and mountainous in the west and extreme south. The eastern and central parts of the province form part of the [[North China Plain]]. To the northwest the [[Taihang Mountains]] intrude partially into Henan's borders; to the west the [[Qinling Mountains]] enter Henan from the west and end about halfway across Henan, with branches (such as the [[Funiu Mountains]]) extending northwards and southwards. To the far south, the [[Dabie Mountains]] separate Henan from neighbouring [[Hubei]] province. The [[Yellow River]] passes through northern Henan. It enters from the northwest, via the [[Sanmenxia Reservoir]]. After it passes [[Luoyang]], the Yellow River is raised via natural [[sedimentation]] and artificial construction onto a [[levee]], higher than the surrounding land. From here onwards, the Yellow River divides the [[Hai He]] watershed to the north and the [[Huai He]] watershed to the south. The [[Huai He]] itself originates in southern Henan. The southwestern corner of Henan, around [[Nanyang]], is part of the drainage basin of the [[Han Shui]] River across the border in [[Hubei]]. There are many reservoirs in Henan. Major ones include the [[Danjiangkou Reservoir]] on the border with [[Hubei]], the [[Sanmenxia Reservoir]], the [[Suyahu Reservoir]], the [[Baiguishan Reservoir]], the [[Nanwan Reservoir]], and the [[Banqiao Reservoir]]. Henan has a [[temperate]] [[continental climate]], with most rainfall in summer. Temperatures average about 0[[Celsius|°C]] in January, and 27 to 28°C in July. [[Zhengzhou]] is the province's capital and most populous city. Other major cities include [[Kaifeng]], [[Luoyang]], [[Xinxiang]], [[Anyang]], [[Luohe]], and [[Xuchang]]. ==Administrative divisions== {{see|List of administrative divisions of Henan}} Henan is divided into seventeen [[Political divisions of China#Prefecture-level|prefecture-level divisions]] &ndash; all [[prefecture-level cities]] &ndash; and one directly administered [[county-level city]].The prefecture-level cities are: *[[Anyang]] (安阳市 Ānyáng Shì) *[[Hebi]] (鹤壁市 Hèbì Shì) *[[Jiaozuo]] (焦作市 Jiāozuò Shì) *[[Luohe]] (漯河市 Luòhé Shì) *[[Luoyang]] (洛阳市 Luòyáng Shì) *[[Kaifeng]] (开封市 Kāifēng Shì) *[[Nanyang, Henan|Nanyang]] (南阳市 Nányáng Shì) *[[Pingdingshan]] (平顶山市 Píngdǐngshān Shì) *[[Puyang]] (濮阳市 Púyáng Shì) *[[Sanmenxia]] (三门峡市 Sānménxiá Shì) *[[Shangqiu]] (商丘市 Shāngqiū Shì) *[[Xinxiang]] (新乡市 Xīnxiāng Shì) *[[Xinyang]] (信阳市 Xìnyáng Shì) *[[Xuchang]] (许昌市 Xǔchāng Shì) *[[Zhengzhou]] ([[Simplified Chinese]]: 郑州市; [[Hanyu pinyin]]: Zhèngzhōu Shì) *[[Zhoukou]] (周口市 Zhōukǒu Shì) *[[Zhumadian]] (驻马店市 Zhùmǎdiàn Shì) The directly administered county-level city (more accurately described as a [[sub-prefecture-level city]]) is: *[[Jiyuan]] (济源市 Jǐyuán Shì) The seventeen [[Political divisions of China#Prefecture-level|prefecture-level divisions]] and one directly administered [[county-level city]] of Henan are subdivided into 159 [[Political divisions of China#County-level|county-level divisions]] (50 [[District of China|district]]s, twenty-one [[county-level cities]], and 88 [[County of China|counties]]; Jiyuan is counted as a county-level city here). Those are in turn divided into 2440 [[Political divisions of China#Township-level|township-level divisions]] (866 [[town of China|town]]s, 1234 [[township of China|township]]s, twelve [[ethnic township]]s, and 328 [[subdistrict]]s). ==Demographics== Henan is the most populous province of China, with a population of 97,170,000 in 2004. If it were its own country, it would be the twelfth most populous, just behind Mexico. However, [[Sichuan]] used to be more populous before [[Chongqing]] city was carved out of it. Also, when considering migrants, [[Guangdong]] has the highest population in China, despite [[Hainan]] being splintered off of it. Just under 99% of Henan's population is [[Han Chinese]], while [[Hui people|Hui]] account for virtually all the remaining 1%. It is the [[List of country subdivisions by population|third most populous sub-national division in the world]], after [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Maharashtra]] of [[India]]. ==Politics== {{main|Politics of Henan}} The Government of Henan is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The [[Governor of Henan]] is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Henan. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Henan [[Communist Party of China]] Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Henan [[CPC Party Chief]]". ==Economy== Henan is a relatively poor province and given its large population of almost 100 million people, its GDP per capita is only about US$1,670. Since undergoing reforms, however, the speed of economic development has increased by an average of about 10% each year for the past twenty years. In 2006, Henan's nominal GDP was 1.25 trillion RMB (US$156.35 billion), a year-on-year rise of 14.1%. In 2005, Henan's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 184.3 billion RMB (US$23 billion), 553.93 billion RMB, and 315.28 billion RMB, respectively. Its per capita GDP reached 13,279 RMB (US$1,670)in 2006&nbsp;[http://english.people.com.cn/200601/31/eng20060131_239539.html]. An industrial system of light textiles, food, metallurgy, petrol, building materials, chemical industry, machinery and electronics has been formed. Nearly one hundred products, such as coal, industrial cord fabrics, fridges, aluminium, color glass cases, gold, meat products, tires, chemical fibers, glass, cement, generated energy, and others are an important part of the national market. Industrial sales reached 1 trillion RMB in 2005, 3.1 times the figure for 2000.&nbsp;[http://english.people.com.cn/200601/31/eng20060131_239540.html] Henan is actively trying to build an open economy. In 2002, the total trade volume (import and export) was US$3.2 billion, including US$2.1 billion for export. 7,111 foreign enterprises have been approved, and foreign funds ([[FDI]]) of US$10.64 billion have been used in contracts with a realized FDI of US$5.3 billion. Foreign exchanges are increasing continuously. Friendly provincial relationships have been established with 16 states (districts) in the United States, Japan, Russia, France, Germany, and others. Some cities of Henan have established friendly relationships ([[sister city]]) with thirty-two foreign cities. Henan is an agricultural province, leading the provinces of China in [[wheat]] and [[sesame]] production, and is third place overall in terms of total grain output. [[Cotton]], [[rice]], and [[maize]] are also important crops in Henan. There are several important centers of coal production in Henan, including [[Pingdingshan]], Yima, and [[Jiaozuo]]. [[Luanchuan County]] in western Henan is an important center of [[molybdenum]] extraction. [[Electricity generation]] is another important industry of Henan. ==Culture== Most of Henan speaks dialects of the [[Mandarin (linguistics)|Mandarin]] group of dialects spoken in northern and southwestern China. Linguists put these dialects into the category of "[[Zhongyuan Mandarin]]". The northwestern corner of Henan is an exception, where people speak [[Jin (linguistics)|Jin]] dialects instead. The dialects of Henan are collectively called "the [[Henan dialect]]" in popular usage, with easily identifiable stereotypical features. [[Henan opera]] ''([[Yuju]])'' is the local form of [[Chinese opera]]; it is also famous and popular across the rest of China. [[Henan Quju]] and [[Henan Yuediao]] are also important local opera forms. [[Henan cuisine]] is the local cuisine, with traditions such as the [[Luoyang Shuixi]] ([[Luoyang]] "Water Table", consisting entirely of various soups, etc.); [[Xinyang Duncai]] ([[Xinyang]] brewed vegetables), and the traditional [[Kaifeng cuisine|cuisine of Kaifeng]]. Important traditional art and craft products include: [[Junci]], a type of porcelain originating in [[Yuzhou]] noted for its unpredictable colour patterns; the [[jade carving]]s of [[Zhenping]]; and [[Luoyang]]'s [[Tangsancai]] ("Tang Three Colours"), which are earthenware figurines made in the traditional style of the [[Tang Dynasty]]. ==Notable people== *[[Sun Tiantian]], (b. October 12, 1981), tennis player *[[Zhao Ziyang]], (October 17, 1919 &ndash; January 17, 2005), former [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier]] and [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China|CCP Secretary]] *[[Deng Yaping]] (b. February 5, 1973), four-time [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] gold medalist. *[[Du Wei (footballer)|Du Wei]] (b. February 9, 1982), professional football player *[[Ge Xin'ai]], [[Ping Pong|ping pong]] player *[[Chen Zhong]], Olympic gold medalist in [[Taekwondo]] *[[Liu Guoliang]], member of the Chinese ping pong team *[[Su Zhibo]], the first Chinese gold medalist in the [[Asian Games]] *[[Tang of Shang|Shang Tang]], the first ruling king of the [[Shang dynasty]] *[[Hui Shi]] (380 BC&ndash;?), philosopher *[[Xu Shen]] (c.58&ndash;c.147), editor of the [[Shuowen Jiezi]] *[[Ruan Ji]] (210&ndash;263), poet *[[Du Fu]] (712&ndash;770), considered one of the greatest of Chinese poets *[[Han Yu]] (768&ndash;824), one of China's most famous prose writers and poets *[[Li Shangyin]] (813&ndash;858), poet *[[Cheng Hao]] (1032&ndash;1085) and brother [[Cheng Yi (philosopher)|Cheng Yi]] (1033&ndash;1107), [[Neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] philosophers *[[Li Tang]] (c.1080&ndash;c.1130), painter *[[Yuan Shikai]] (1859&ndash;1916), second [[President of the Republic of China]] *[[Feng Youlan]] (1895&ndash;1990), philosopher *[[Lao Zi]] (Lao Tzu: dates uncertain), founder of [[Daoism]] *[[Mozi|Mo Zi]], founder of [[Mohism]] *[[Lie Yukou]] (c.4th century BC), Daoist philosopher *[[Su Qin]] *[[Han Fei]] (c.280&ndash;233 BC), [[Legalism|Legalist]] philosopher *[[Chen Sheng]] (known in some sources as Chen She) and [[Wu Guang]] (both d. 209 BC or 208 BC), leaders of the first rebellion against Qin Dynasty *[[Zhang Shizhi]], a government official well known for his incorruptibility *[[Jia Yi]], a Chinese poet and statesman of the [[Han Dynasty]] *[[Zhang Heng]], an [[astronomer]], [[mathematician]], [[inventor]], [[geographer]], [[artist]], [[poet]], [[statesman]], and [[literary]] scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty *[[Feng Yi]], a general of the Eastern [[Han Dynasty]] *[[Zhang Ji]] (style-named [[Zhang Zhongjing]]) (150&ndash;219), an [[Eastern Han]] physician, the author of the [[Shanghan Zabing Lun]] *[[Xu Shu]], one of [[Liu Bei|Liu Bei's]] advisors during the [[Three Kingdoms]] period of China. *[[Sima Yi]] (179&ndash;251), a general, military strategist, and politician of [[Cao Wei]] during the Three Kingdoms period *[[Xun Yu]] (styled-named Wenruo), an advisor to [[Cao Cao]] during the Three Kingdoms period *[[Xun You]], an advisor to Cao Cao during the Three Kingdoms Period period *[[Deng Ai]] (?&ndash;264), an officer of [[Cao Wei]] during the Three Kingdoms period *[[Fan Zhen]] (circa 450&ndash;515), a Chinese philosopher of the [[Southern Dynasty]], remembered today for the treatise ''Shen Mie Lun'' (''On the Annihilation of the Soul'') ==Transportation== Two important railway arteries, the [[Jingguang Railway]] ([[Beijing]]-[[Guangzhou]]) and the [[Longhai Railway]] ([[Lianyungang]]-[[Lanzhou]]), pass through Henan and cross at [[Zhengzhou]], the provincial capital. The [[Jingjiu Railway]] ([[Beijing]]-[[Kowloon]]) also passes through Henan. With the recent completion of the [[Zhengzhou]]-[[Xinxiang]] expressway, there is an expressway that now crosses Henan from north to south, as part of a longer line linking [[Beijing]] with [[Shenzhen]]. Another expressway crosses Henan from east to west, and more are being built. [[Xinzheng Airport]] is the province's main airport. ==Tourism== Henan is located in the Yellow River valley where ancient people lived. Earlier in the New Stone Age, the light of civilization had appeared and the delicate potteries in the Peiligang Culture and Yangshao Culture, and the character signs and musical instruments 8,000 years ago have filled the present world and the ancient times with wonders. Three of the [[Seven Ancient Capitals of China]] are in Henan: [[Luoyang]], [[Kaifeng]] and [[Anyang]]. Henan is one of the provinces that has the most historical relics in the country. There are 16 key national units of protecting historical relics and 267 provincial units of protecting historical relics. The over-ground historical relics are the second in China in number. Historical relics in museums take up one-eighth of those in China, and the underground historical relics are the first in China in number. In Henan Museum there are 120,000 historical relics, including over 40,000 rare ones. [[Image:Master Zhou's Astronomical Observatory.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory.]] *[[Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory]], the oldest astronomical observatory in China. *Annual Peony Show in [[Luoyang]]. *[[Mount Jigong]], on the southern border. *[[Mount Song]], near [[Dengfeng]], one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China. *[[Shaolin Temple]], on Mount Song. *The [[Longmen Grottoes]], near Luoyang, a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] since 2000. *[[Songyue Pagoda]] *[[Yinxu]] in [[Anyang]], a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]. *[[Youguo Temple]] with the [[Iron Pagoda]] *[[White Horse Temple]] in Luoyang *[[Baligou]] (Eight-mile valley, 八里沟) in Xinxiang *[[Bigan Temple]] (比干庙) in Xinxiang *[[Luwang Mausoleum]] (潞王陵) in Xinxiang *[[Guan Mountain]] (关山) in Xinxiang ==Colleges and universities== '''Public''' (a partial list) *[[Zhengzhou University]] (郑州大学)[http://www.zzu.edu.cn] *[[Henan University]] (河南大学)[http://www.henu.edu.cn/] *[[Henan Normal University]](河南师范大学)[http://www.henannu.edu.cn] *[[Henan University of Technology]] (河南工业大学)[http://www.haut.edu.cn/] *[[Henan Agricultural University]] (河南农业大学) (founded 1913) *[[Henan Medical University]] *[[Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine]](河南中医学院) *[[Henan University of Science and Technology]] (河南科技大学) *[[Xinxiang University]] (新乡学院) [www.xxu.edu.cn] *[[Huanghe Science and Technology University]] (黄河科技学院) *[[Nanyang Institute of Technology]] *[[North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power]] (华北水利水电学院) *[[Shangqiu Normal University]](商丘师范学院) *[[Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management]] (郑州航空工业管理学院) *[[Zhengzhou University of Light Industry]] (郑州轻工业学院) *[[Zhongyuan Institute of Technology]] (中原工学院) *[[Henan Polytechnic]] (河南职业技术学院)[http://www.hnzj.ha.cn] *[[Jiaozuo Institute of Technology]] *[[Anyang Teacher's College]] *[[Zhengzhou Grain University]] *[[Zhengzhou University of Technology]] *[[Zhengzhou Textile Institute]] *[[Zhengzhou College of Animal Husbandry Engineering]] *[[Luo Yang Institute of Technology]] *[[Pingdingshan Normal College]] *[[Xinyang Teachers College]] *[[Henan Vocational Technical Teacher's College]] ==Miscellaneous topics== Professional sports teams in Henan include: *[[Chinese Basketball Association]] **[[Henan Dragons]] *[[Chinese Football Association Jia League]] **[[Henan Jianye]] ==See also== *[[Gao Yaojie]] *[[List of laojiaos in Henan]] ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{commons|Henan}} *[http://www.henan.gov.cn/ Henan Government website] *{{wikitravel}} {{Template group |list = {{Henan}} {{Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}} }} [[Category:Henan| ]] [[Category:Provinces of the People's Republic of China]] [[ar:خنان]] [[zh-min-nan:Hô-lâm]] [[be:Хэнань]] [[bg:Хънан]] [[ca:Henan]] [[cs:Che-nan]] [[da:Henan]] [[de:Henan]] [[et:Henan]] [[es:Henan]] [[eo:Henano]] [[eu:Henan]] [[fa:استان هنان]] [[fr:Henan]] [[zh-classical:河南]] [[ko:허난 성]] [[hi:हेनान]] [[hr:Henan]] [[id:Henan]] [[it:Henan]] [[he:הנאן]] [[pam:Henan]] [[sw:Henan]] [[lt:Henanas]] [[hu:Henan]] [[ms:Henan]] [[nl:Henan]] [[ja:河南省]] [[no:Henan]] [[pl:Henan]] [[pt:Henan]] [[ro:Henan]] [[ru:Хэнань]] [[sh:Henan]] [[fi:He'nan]] [[sv:Henan]] [[tl:Henan]] [[th:มณฑลเหอหนาน]] [[vi:Hà Nam (Trung Quốc)]] [[wa:Henan]] [[zh-yue:河南]] [[zh:河南省]]