Henslow's Sparrow
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{{Taxobox
| name = Henslow's Sparrow
| status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1
| image = HenslowsSparrow23.jpg
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Emberizidae]]
| genus = ''[[Ammodramus]]''
| species = '''''A. henslowii'''''
| binomial = ''Ammodramus henslowii''
| binomial_authority = ([[John James Audubon|Audubon]], 1829)
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]]
| subdivision =
*''A. h. henslowii'' <small>(Audubon, 1829)<br/>Western Henslow's Sparrow</small>
*''A. h. susurrans'' <small>([[William Brewster (ornithologist)|Brewster]], 1918)<br/>(Eastern Henslow's Sparrow)</small>
| synonyms =
*''Passerherbulus henslowii''
*''Nemospiza henslowii susurrans''<br><small>Brewster, 1918</small>
}}
The '''Henslow's Sparrow''', ''Ammodramus henslowii'',<ref>
''Ammodramus'': "sand-runner", from [[Ancient Greek]] ''ammos'' "sand" + ''dramein'' "to run". ''henslowii'', dedicated to [[John Stevens Henslow]]</ref>
is a small [[American sparrow]].
Adults have streaked brown upperparts with a light brown breast with streaks, a white belly and a white throat. They have a pale stripe on the crown with a dark stripe on each side, an olive face and neck, rust-coloured wings and a short dark forked tail.
Their breeding habitat is shrubby fields, often wet, in southern [[Canada]] and the northeastern [[United States]]. The nest is a well-concealed open cup on or close to the ground in a grassy location; these birds often nest in small colonies. They [[bird migration|migrate]] to [[marsh]]es and open [[pine]] woods in the southeastern United States.
These birds forage on the ground, mainly eating insects and seeds. Their song is a quick ''se-lick''.
The range and numbers of this bird are decreasing, probably due to habitat loss.
The Texas population was solely known from a 105-acre brushfield near [[Houston, Texas]] and disappeared after devegetation due to industrial development in the 1980s. It was considered a distinct subspecies (''A. h. houstonensis'': Arnold, 1983) but is today considered to fall into the range of variation of the nominate subspecies (Browning, 1990). Likewise, the [[South Dakota]]n population formerly known as ''P. h. occidentalis'' has been synonymized with the nominate. The only remaining subspecies generally (but not universally) accepted are the Eastern Henslow's Sparrow and the Western Henslow's Sparrow, whose ranges are for the most part separated by the [[Appalachians]].
==References==
* '''Arnold''', Keith A. (1983): A New Subspecies of Henslow's Sparrow (''Ammodramus henslowii''). ''[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]'' '''100'''(2): 504-505. [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v100n02/p0504-p0505.pdf PDF fulltext]
* {{IUCN2006|assessors='''BirdLife International'''|year=2004|id=1142|title=Ammodramus henslowii|downloaded=11 May 2006}} Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is near threatened.
* '''Browning''', M. R. (1990): Taxa of North American birds described from 1957–1987. ''Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington'' '''103''': 432–451. They are great beautiful birds as Americans,Canadians,Australians and also Somalians love the creature because its habitat live in these countries.
==External links==
*[http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/henslows_sparrow_info.htm Henslow's Sparrow Information] - South Dakota Birds and Birding
*[http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Henslows_Sparrow.html Henslow's Sparrow Species Account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
*[http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i5470id.html Henslow's Sparrow - ''Ammodramus henslowii''] - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
*[http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=henslow%27s+sparrow&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 Henslow's Sparrow photo gallery] VIREO
===Footnotes===
<references/>
==Further reading==
===Book===
* Herkert, J. R., P. D. Vickery, and D. E. Kroodsma. 2002. ''Henslow’s Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii)''. In ''The Birds of North America'', No. 672 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
===Reports===
* Austen MJ. (1993). ''Updated status report on the Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus Henslowii) in Canada''. Canadian Research Index. p. n/a.
* Austen MJ. (1997). ''National recovery plan for Henslow's sparrow''. Canadian Research Index. p. n/a.
===Thesis===
* Bajema RA. Ph.D. (2000). ''Modeling species distributions: Indiana's terrestrial vertebrate communities with special emphasis on the Henslow's sparrow''. Indiana State University, United States -- Indiana.
* Giocomo JJ. Ph.D. (2005). ''Conservation of grassland bird populations on military installations in the eastern United States with special emphasis on Fort Campbell Army Base, Kentucky''. The University of Tennessee, United States -- Tennessee.
* Guzy MJ. Ph.D. (2005). ''Habitat use, nesting biology, and within-season movements of grassland birds in southwest Wisconsin''. The University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States -- Wisconsin.
* Hanson LG. M.S. (1994). ''The Henslow's Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) of Minnesota: Population status and breeding habitat analysis''. Central Michigan University, United States -- Michigan.
* Harrell WC. Ph.D. (2004). ''Importance of heterogeneity in a grassland ecosystem''. Oklahoma State University, United States -- Oklahoma.
* Herkert JR. Ph.D. (1991). ''An ecological study of the breeding birds of grassland habitats within Illinois''. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States -- Illinois.
* Mazur RL. M.S. (1996). ''Implications of field management for Henslow's sparrow habitat at Saratoga National Historical Park, New York''. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, United States -- New York.
* McCoy TD. Ph.D. (2000). ''Effects of landscape composition and multi-scale habitat characteristics on the grassland bird community''. University of Missouri - Columbia, United States -- Missouri.
* Robins JD. M.A. (1967). ''ECOLOGY OF HENSLOW'S SPARROW''. Western Michigan University, United States -- Michigan.
* Tucker JW, Jr. Ph.D. (2002). ''Influence of season and frequency of fire on Bachman's and Henslow's sparrows in longleaf pine forests of the Gulf Coastal Plain''. Auburn University, United States -- Alabama.
* Winter M. Ph.D. (1998). ''Effect of habitat fragmentation on grassland-nesting birds in southwestern Missouri''. University of Missouri - Columbia, United States -- Missouri.
===Articles===
* Applegate RD, Flock BE & Horak GJ. (2002). ''Spring burning and grassland area: Effects on Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii (Audubon)) and Dickcissel (Spiza americana (Gmelin)) in Eastern Kansas, USA''. Natural Areas Journal. vol '''22''', no 2. p. 160-162.
* Arnold KA. (1983). ''A New Subspecies of Henslow Sparrow Ammodramus-Henslowii''. Auk. vol '''100''', no 2. p. 504-505.
* Bajema RA & Lima SL. (2001). ''Landscape-level analyses of Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) abundance in reclaimed coal mine grasslands''. American Midland Naturalist. vol '''145''', no 2. p. 288-298.
* Carrie NR, Robert OW, Kenneth RM, Jeffrey CS & et al. (2002). ''Winter abundance of and habitat use by Henslow's Sparrows in Louisiana''. The Wilson Bulletin. vol '''114''', no 2. p. 221.
* Catherine LB & Philip CS. (2005). ''HOME-RANGE SIZE, RESPONSE TO FIRE, AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF WINTERING HENSLOW'S SPARROWS''. The Wilson Bulletin. vol '''117''', no 3. p. 211.
* Cully JF, Jr. & Michaels HL. (2000). ''Henslow's Sparrow habitat associations on Kansas tallgrass prairie''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''112''', no 1. p. 115-123.
* Eckert KR. (1974). ''Henslows Sparrow and Bells Vireo in Southwest Minnesota''. Loon. vol '''46''', no 3. p. 122-123.
* Guzy MJ, Ribic CA & Sample DW. (2002). ''Helping at a Henslow's Sparrow nest in Wisconsin''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''114''', no 3. p. 407-409.
* Herkert JR. (1994). ''Status and habitat selection of the Henslow's sparrow in Illinois''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''106''', no 1. p. 35-45.
* Herkert JR. (1997). ''Population trends of the Henslow's sparrow in relation to the Conservation Reserve Program in Illinois, 1975-1995''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '''68''', no 2. p. 235-244.
* Kim DH. (2005). ''First Nebraska nest record for Henslow's sparrow''. Prairie Naturalist. vol '''37''', no 3. p. 171-173.
* Maiken W. (1999). ''Nesting biology of Dickcissels and Henslow's sparrows in Southwestern Missouri prairie fragments''. The Wilson Bulletin. vol '''111''', no 4. p. 515.
* Mangun JC & Kolb RL. (2000). ''Effects of grassland management on Henslow's sparrow, Ammodramus henslowii, (Fringillidae), populations in eastern North Carolina''. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. vol '''116''', no 1. p. 49-56.
* McNair DB. (1998). ''Henslow's sparrow and sedge wren response to a dormant-season prescribed burn in a pine savanna''. Florida Field Naturalist. vol '''26''', no 2. p. 46-47.
* Patterson DE. (1968). ''Henslows Sparrow in Hardin County Tennessee USA Passerherbulus-Henslowii Behavior''. Migrant. vol '''39''', no 3. p. 61-62.
* Pranty B & Scheuerell MD. (1997). ''First summer record of the Henslow's sparrow in Florida''. Florida Field Naturalist. vol '''25''', no 2. p. 64-66.
* Reid W. (1992). ''Henslow's sparrow Ammodramus henslowii''. Brauning, D. vol '''W''', p. Atlas of breeding birds in Pennsylvania.
* Reinking DL, Wiedenfeld DA, Wolfe DH & Rohrbaugh RW, Jr. (2000). ''Distribution, habitat use, and nesting success of Henslow's sparrow in Oklahoma''. Prairie Naturalist. vol '''32''', no 4. p. 219-232.
* Robb AB, Travis LD, Peter ES & Steven LL. (2001). ''Reclaimed coal mine grasslands and their significance for Henslow's sparrows in the American midwest''. The Auk. vol '''118''', no 2. p. 422.
* Robins JD. (1971). ''A Study of Henslows Sparrow in Michigan''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''83''', no 1. p. 39-48.
* Shaffer JA, Igl LD & Vanhove F. (2003). ''Historical and recent records and first nest records of Henslow's sparrow in North Dakota''. Prairie Naturalist. vol '''35''', no 2. p. 81-94.
* Sheldon P, Nicholas RH & Geoffrey EH. (1999). ''Habitat requirements of Henslow's Sparrows wintering in silvicultural lands of the Gulf Coastal Plain''. The Auk. vol '''116''', no 1. p. 109.
* Thatcher BS, Krementz DG & Woodrey MS. (2006). ''Henslow's sparrow winter-survival estimates and response to prescribed burning''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '''70''', no 1. p. 198-206.
* Tucker JW & Robinson WD. (2003). ''Influence of season and frequency of fire on Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) wintering on Gulf Coast pitcher plant bogs''. Auk. vol '''120''', no 1. p. 96-106.
* Zimmerman JL. (1988). ''Breeding Season Habitat Selection by the Henslow's Sparrow Ammodramus-Henslowii in Kansas USA''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''100''', no 1. p. 17-24.
[[Category:Ammodramus]]
[[Category:Birds of the United States|Sparrow, Henslow's]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Eastern United States|Sparrow, Henslow's]]
[[Category:Birds of Canada|Sparrow, Henslow's]]
[[Category:Eastern North American migratory birds|Sparrow, Henslow's]]
[[fr:Bruant de Henslow]]
[[ja:ヘンスローヒメドリ]]