History of Egypt
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{{History of Egypt}}
[[Image:Egypt.Hathor.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Hathor]]]]
The '''history of Egypt''' is the longest continuous history, as a unified state, of any country in the world. The [[Nile]] valley forms a natural geographic and economic unit, bounded to the east and west by deserts, to the north by the sea and to the south by the [[Cataracts of the Nile]]. The need to have a single authority to manage the waters of the Nile led to the creation of the world's first [[state]] in [[Egypt]] in about [[3000 BC]]. Egypt's peculiar geography made it a difficult country to attack, which is why [[Ancient Egypt|Pharaonic Egypt]] was for so long an independent and self-contained state. The [[Hyksos]] were among the earliest foreign rulers of Egypt, but the ancient Egyptians regained control of their country after the Hykso period. The [[Neo-Assyrian Empire]] also controlled Egypt for a while before native Egyptians regained control.
Once Egypt did succumb to foreign rule, however, it proved unable to escape from it, and for 2,400 years, Egypt was governed by a series of [[Historical powers|foreign powers]]: the [[Nubians]], [[Persian Empire|Persians]], [[Macedon]]ians, [[Roman Empire|Romans]], [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]], [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]], [[French Invasion of Egypt|French]], and [[British Empire|British]]. During these 2,400 years, Egypt was independently governed under the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemies]], [[Ikhshidid dynasty|Ikhshidids]], [[Fatimid]]s, [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubids]], [[Mamluk]]s and [[History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty|Muhammad Ali]]. The founders and rulers of these governments, however, were not native to Egypt.
When [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] ([[President of Egypt]]) (1954–1970) remarked that he was the first [[Egyptians|native Egyptian]] to exercise sovereign power in the country since [[Pharaoh]] [[Nectanebo II]], deposed by the Persians in [[343 BC]], he was only exaggerating slightly.
In this encyclopedia, Egyptian history has been divided into eight periods:
*[[History of ancient Egypt]]: [[3100 BC]] to [[525 BC]]
*[[History of Achaemenid Egypt]]: [[525 BC]] to [[332 BC]]
*[[History of Ptolemaic Egypt]]: [[332 BC]] to [[30 BC]]
*[[History of Roman Egypt]]: [[30 BC]] to AD [[639]]
*[[History of Arab Egypt]]: [[639]] to [[1517]]
*[[History of Ottoman Egypt]]: [[1517]] to [[1805]]
*[[History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty]]: [[1805]] to [[1882]]
*[[History of modern Egypt]]: since [[1882]]
==See also==
*[[Aegyptus]]
*[[Ancient Egypt]]
*[[Egyptian mythology]]
*[[Egyptians]]
*[[History of Africa]]
*[[History of the Middle East]]
*[[Pharaoh]]
*[[History of Ancient Egypt]]
*[[Coptic history]]
==External links==
*[http://www.aldokkan.com/ Ancient Egyptian Civilization - Aldokkan]
*[http://www.mysteries-in-stone.co.uk Ancient Egyptian History] - A comprehensive & concise educational website focusing on the basic and the advanced in all aspects of Ancient Egypt
*[http://st-takla.org/Egypt-1.html Egypt.. the past and the present]
*[http://vlib.iue.it/history/chronological/ancient_egypt.html WWW-VL: History: Ancient Egypt]
{{History of Africa}}
{{History of Asia}}
[[Category:Ancient Egypt|*]]
[[Category:History of Egypt| ]]
[[Category:National histories|Egypt]]
[[ar:تاريخ مصر]]
[[bn:মিশরের ইতিহাস]]
[[be:Гісторыя Егіпта]]
[[ca:Història d'Egipte]]
[[cs:Dějiny Egypta]]
[[da:Ægyptens historie]]
[[de:Geschichte der Republik Ägypten]]
[[es:Historia de Egipto]]
[[fr:Histoire de l'Égypte]]
[[gl:Historia do Exipto]]
[[it:Storia dell'Egitto]]
[[he:היסטוריה של מצרים]]
[[la:Historia Aegypta]]
[[lt:Egipto istorija]]
[[hu:Egyiptom történelme]]
[[nl:Geschiedenis van Egypte]]
[[ja:エジプトの歴史]]
[[no:Egypts historie]]
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[[oc:Istòria d'Egipte]]
[[pt:História do Egipto]]
[[ru:История Египта]]
[[sk:Dejiny starovekého Egypta]]
[[sr:Историја Египта]]
[[fi:Egyptin historia]]
[[sv:Egyptens historia]]
[[vi:Lịch sử Ai Cập]]
[[uk:Історія Єгипту]]
[[vec:Storia de l'Egito]]
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