Hoagie
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{{wiktionary|hoagie}}
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A '''hoagie''' is a style of sandwich popular in [[Philadelphia]] and the surrounding region. It consists of an elongated roll typically packed with a selection of [[cold cuts|cold lunch meats]], sliced [[cheese]], [[lettuce]], [[tomato]], [[onion]], sweet or hot [[Capsicum|peppers]], [[oregano]], and olive oil. The roll is sliced down its length forming a cradle for the ingredients, somewhat like a hot dog bun. Having originated in the [[Philadelphia]] area, Hoagies are now commonly eaten in a wider region including [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]], [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]], southern [[New Jersey]], [[Delaware]], and southern [[Ohio]]. Hoagies have a resemblance to [[submarine sandwich|sub]] or a [[hero sandwich|hero]] sandwiches, but are distinct.{{vague}}
==Etymology==
The original "hoagie" is what is now referred to as an "Italian Hoagie" which includes a variety of traditional Italian lunch meats, including dry salami, [[mortadella]], [[capicolla]], and [[provolone]] served with lettuce, tomato and onions with a light vinegar and oil dressing.
The ''Philadelphia Almanac and Citizen's Manual'' says that “the Centennial made popular the “hokey-pokey man,” a street vendor selling ices, sandwiches, sausages, fresh bread, “zoologicals” (Philadelphia baker Walter G. Wilson’s [[animal cracker]]s), and small [[antipasto]] salad. When Gilbert and Sullivan’s operetta “[[H.M.S. Pinafore]]” opened in Philadelphia in [[1879]], bakeries produced a long loaf called the pinafore. Entrepreneurial “hokey-pokey men” sliced the loaf in half, stuffed it with antipasto salad, and sold the world’s first hoagie.”<ref>Kenneth Finkel, ed., ''Philadelphia Almanac and Citizen’s Manual'', (Philadelphia: The Library Company of Philadelphia, 1995) page 86.</ref>
Professor Domenic Vitiello, professor of Urban Studies at the University of Pennsylvania offers a different explanation of the word's origins: "Italians used to work at the old Navy Yard [in Philadelphia] where they would grab meat, cheese, and lettuce and put it between two slices of bread. The location of the Navy Yard was called Hog Island, so the sandwich eventually became known as the 'Hog Island' sandwich; hence, the 'hoagie'." <ref>"Philly Via Italy", ''thirtyfourthstreetmagazine'', April 17, 2007, page 9.</ref>
According to one reference<ref>"The Submarine Sandwich: Lexical Variations in a Cultural Context," Eames & Robboy, American Speech, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Dec., 1967), pp. 279-288</ref>, many older, Italian-descended, South Philadelphia residents, said that the real origin of the word "hoagie" arose in the late 19th-early 20th century, when there was a term "on the hoke" that was used to denote someone who was down-and-out. The word "hoke" may have been derived from a Scottish term, "howk," meaning "rummaging around." Men who were "on the hoke" would ask deli owners for handouts, who would put together scraps and off-cuts of their cheeses and meats and offer them in an Italian roll. The sandwich was known as a "hokie." The Italian immigrants pronounced it as "hoagie."
Former [[Philadelphia]] mayor (now [[Pennsylvania]] governor) [[Ed Rendell]] declared the hoagie the "Official Sandwich of Philadelphia".
==Regionalism==
Since the 1960's, the popular usage of the term has expanded in the Philadelphia region to include any sandwich made on a long roll. In other areas of the country, this type of sandwich is referred to as a "Sub" or "submarine sandwich" and also as a "Po-boy". Sub-varieties of the sandwich are named after the principal ingredient.
In other parts of the U.S., calling something a ''hoagie'' is more specifically just the ''Italian Hoagie'' original.
Most hoagie shops offer single-meat hoagies (for example, ham or salami hoagies) as well as premium hoagies with upscale ingredients: prosciutto, imported Italian lunchmeats ([[cotechino]], [[mortadella]], [[sopressata]], etc.). A popular variant is the '''grinder''' or '''cosmo''', which is essentially a hoagie that has been toasted under a broiler.
Around [[New York City]], the term ''wedge'' has also been used for this sandwich, and it is cut through the edge lengthwise, not the top like some [[hot dog]] buns.
In the Pittsburgh region<!-- the term "cosmos" or "grinder" is NOT used in the Pittsburgh area -- ??what part of Pittsburgh are you FROM! It most certainly IS. A small shop in East Liberty offered oven grinders and probably still does. That's what all my friends called them.--> the term ''hoagie'' is used to describe any type of toasted<!--as per Pittsburgh English article--> sandwich that is served on a long roll, not just one prepared in the specific manner stated above. This usage is considered a standard feature of [[Pittsburgh English]].
In many areas the default cheese on a hoagie is [[Provolone]], while in others it is [[American cheese|white American cheese]]. Cheese-only hoagies (Provolone, American, or Mixed) replace the meat with extra slices of cheese.
Many takeout shops in [[Chicago]], particularly in African-American neighborhoods on the South Side, sell a "hoagy" (sic.), usually containing steak and other ingredients, with the option of being "heated." They also sell [[cheesesteak]], referred to most often as "Philly Steak."They are one of the most popular foods in the USA. They are sold at many basic places such as baseball and amusement parks, and even downtown. Most people have a variety of foods they like to put on their hoagie.
In the southern United States, the term 'hoagie' typically refers only to heated slices of meat such as ham with a similar heated topping and cheese between two long slices of bread. Long sandwhiches that have cold cuts on them are simply called subs.
==Varieties==
* '''American'''—typically includes ham and white [[American cheese]], bologna, cooked salami and others
* '''Bacon'''—typically includes bacon (instead of lunchmeat)and [[provolone]] cheese, topped with lettuce, tomatoes, raw onions, and some times sweet peppers
* '''Breakfast'''—generally consists of bacon, eggs and cheese
* '''Italian'''—typically includes hard or [[Genoa salami]], [[prosciutto]], [[mortadella]], [[cappicola]], and [[provolone]] cheese
* '''Ham and Cheese'''—hot or cold with provolone cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, onions, mayonnaise or oil, hot peppers and ground pepper
* '''Tuna'''—either tuna salad or (especially in more ethnically Italian shops) Italian (canned) tuna in olive oil
* '''Fish'''—some variety of [[whiting]], breaded and lightly fried, typically with [[tartar sauce]]
* '''Chicken salad'''
* '''Chicken'''—as lunchmeat, grilled meat, or cutlet
* '''Roast beef'''—as lunchmeat, with swiss cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, raw onions, and mayonnaise or a vinegar and oil sauce
* '''Roast pork'''—hot or cold
* '''Turkey'''—hot or cold with provolone cheese
* '''Cheese'''—white American or provolone or both (mixed), sometimes also [[Swiss cheese]]
* '''Cheesesteak hoagie'''—a marriage with the [[cheesesteak]] sandwich. Essientially a cheesesteak with lettuce, tomato, and raw onions.
* '''Veggie'''—usually grilled vegetables, such as peppers, mushrooms, and [[broccoli rabe]]; some shops even offer [[vegan]] hoagies, with no meat or dairy products
* '''Meatball'''—meatballs in marinara sauce often with green peppers and onions and covered with [[mozzarella]] or provolone cheese
* '''Tofu'''—Tofu, often lightly fried, with cilantro, cucumber, jalapeno, onion, and carrot.
Condiments include lettuce, tomato, onion, with optional dill pickles and hot or sweet pepper rings or hot pepper seed. Condiments can include salt, pepper, oregano or Italian seasoning, oil & vinegar, mustard, and mayonnaise.
==Popular culture references==
{{Trivia|date=October 2007}}
*The hoagie was a favorite of [[Bill Cosby]]'s character Heathcliff "Cliff" Huxtable in ''[[The Cosby Show]]''. He was also seen putting [[potato chips]] in one during a particular episode, which is a popular method of eating a hoagie in [[Philadelphia]].
*[[Don Vito]] of MTV's ''[[Viva La Bam]]'' loves hoagies. He is seen throughout the show eating them.
*On ''[[The Simpsons]]'', [[Homer Simpson]]'s dream was to eat the world's largest hoagie. In another episode, a series of flashbacks shows Homer eating a 12-foot hoagie even after it has grown old enough to sprout hair and a mushroom.
*In the ''[[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]]'' episode "My Sex Buddy", J.D. offered to buy Turk's friend Richard a hoagie and replacement basketball when he kicked the ball away.
*In "[[The Wedding]]" episode of ''[[The West Wing]]'', Josh Lyman carefully advises Democratic presidential candidate Matt Santos on Pennsylvania hoagie and cheesesteak etiquette during a photo op with Governor Baker (loosely based on Ed Rendell)
*In Crown Financial Ministry's one minute radio feature "The Ted and Tony Show," hoagies are the favorite food of the comedy duo and appear in many episodes.
*In the computer game ''[[Day of the Tentacle]]'', "Hoagie" is the name of one of the protagonists (incidentally there's also a joke about the sandwich being named after him).
*On the [[Adult Swim]] TV show ''[[Tom Goes to the Mayor]]'', Tom sells hoagies to support a charity for [[glass eye]]s. The mayor pronounces hoagies incorrectly as "hoogies".
*On ''[[Codename: Kids Next Door]]'', [[Numbuh Two|Hoagie]] is the first name of one of the protagonists.
*In a third season episode of ''[[House (TV series)|House]]'', [[Son of Coma Guy]], House and Wilson travel to Atlantic City with a man temporarily awoken from a [[persistent vegetative state]] who is in search of his favorite hoagie restaurant before he relapses.
*In a [[Saturday Night Live]] sketch parodying MTV's [[The Real World]], [[Jim Breuer]] portrays a stoner housemate named Hoagie.
*A hoagie was used on a sketch on The Whitest Kids U Know, Trevor Moore had the hoagie and asked the submarine crew what another name for the hoagie was.
*The song, "Lunchlady Land" by [[Adam Sandler]] has a reference to hoagies and grinders.
==Trivia==
May 5 is National Hoagie Day. <ref>[http://www.holidayinsights.com/moreholidays/May/hoagieday.htm National Hoagie Day</ref><br/>
==See also==
*[[Submarine sandwich]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:American sandwiches]]
[[Category:Culture of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Philadelphia cuisine]]