Hohhot 261864 225846082 2008-07-15T17:51:20Z Colipon 14772 /* Transportation */ {{Infobox Settlement |name =Hohhot |official_name = |other_name =呼和浩特 |native_name =[[Image:Kökeqota.svg|20px]] |nickname = |settlement_type =[[Prefecture-level city]] |motto = |image_skyline =Hohhot Muslim Quarter.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption =Muslim Themed Street in Hohhot |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |city_logo = |citylogo_size = |image_map = Location of Hohhot Prefecture within Inner Mongolia (China).png |mapsize = 275px |map_caption = Location of Hohhot Prefecture within [[Inner Mongolia]] |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = China<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_map_caption =Location within China |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = [[People's Republic of China|China]] |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = [[Inner Mongolia]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = [[Political divisions of China#County level|County-level&nbsp;divisions]] |subdivision_name3 = 10 |subdivision_type4 = [[Political divisions of China#Township level|Township&nbsp;divisions]] |subdivision_name4 = 116 |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =CPC Committee Secretary |leader_name =Han Zhiran (韩志然) |leader_title1 =Mayor |leader_name1 =Tang Aijun (汤爱军) |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = Established |established_date = 1580 |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = <!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by area|ranked 29th]]) --> |area_total_km2 = 17000<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 =149 |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2004 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 2580000 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban =1520000 |population_density_urban_km2 =auto |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =<!-- Mun. Density rank --> |population_blank1 =<!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by population density|4th]]) --> |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |population_blank2_title =Major [[Nationalities of China|nationalities]] |population_blank2= <!-- [[Han Chinese|Han]] - 96%<br>[[Manchu]] - 2%<br>[[Hui people|Hui]] - 2%<br>[[Mongol|Mongolian]] - 0.3% --> |timezone = [[China Standard Time]] |utc_offset = +8 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=40 |latm=49 |latNS=N |longd=111 |longm=39 |longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m =1065 |elevation_ft =3494 |postal_code_type =[[Postal code of China|Postal code]] |postal_code =010000 |area_code =[[Telephone numbers in China|471]] |blank_name =[[License Plate (China)|License plate prefixes]] |blank_info =蒙A |blank1_name =[[Gross domestic product|GDP]] (2006) |blank1_info =[[Renminbi|CNY]] 90 billion <!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by gross domestic product|15th]]) --> |blank2_name =&nbsp;- per capita |blank2_info =[[Renminbi|CNY]] 34,710 <!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by GDP per capita|2nd]]) --> |blank3_name =[[Chinese spoken language|Local Dialect]] |blank3_info =[[Jin (linguistics)|Jin]]: [[Hohhot dialect]] |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |website = [http://www.huhhot.gov.cn www.huhhot.gov.cn] ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]) |footnotes = }} '''Hohhot''' ([[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]: [[Image:Kökeqota.svg|17px]], ''Kökeqota''<ref>The [[Cyrillic alphabet|cyrillic]] Mongolian spelling is Хөх хот.</ref>; lit. "Blue Town"; {{zh-cp|c=呼和浩特|p=Hūhéhàotè}}), occasionally spelled '''Huhehot''' or '''Huhhot''', is a city in North-central China and the [[capital]] of the [[Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region]], serving as the region's administrative, economic, and cultural centre. The city was founded by Mongol ruler [[Altan Khan]] in the late 16th century. In Chinese, the name can be abbreviated to Hū Shì (呼市) "Hu-town" or translated as Qīng Chéng (青城), also meaning "Blue City". A city with a rich cultural background, Hohhot is known for its historical sites and temples and is one of the major tourist destinations of Inner Mongolia. It was chosen as region's administrative centre in 1952, replacing [[Ulanhot]]. == History == Hohhot was founded by [[Altan Khan]] around 1580. Until 1954, Hohhot was referred to by the [[China|Chinese]] as '''Guisui''' (歸綏 Guīsuī), or Kweisui, which is the acronym of the two districts of the city: * Guihua (歸化, [[Chinese Postal Map Romanization|arch.]] ''Kwei-hwa''): Southeastern old section, business district, established by Altan Khan around 1580. * Suiyuan (綏遠): Northeastern "New Town", government district. Established in the 17th century by the [[Manchu]]s. The two sections later became Guihua District (歸化縣) of the [[Qing Empire]], renamed to Guisui County (歸綏縣) in 1913, and upgraded to a city in 1950. It was the capital of the defunct [[Suiyuan Province]]. Under then Inner Monglian-chairman [[Ulanhu]], the city became the capital of Inner Mongolia in 1952. The city has seen significant development since China's [[Chinese economic reform|reform and opening]] began. The city's far east side began development around 2000 and is now home to Ruyihe, an artificial lake, a large number of [[condominium]]s, the municipal government, and most of the Autonomous Region's government buildings. == Geography and climate == Located in the south central part of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot is encircled by the Daqing Shan (大青山, lit. ''Great Dark Mountains'') to the north and the [[Hetao Plateau]] to the south. The climate is arid, with a cold winter, a hot summer, and strong winds, especially in spring. Winter temperatures generally go as low as -20 Celsius while summer temperatures can sometimes rise above 30 degrees Celsius in July and August. Hohhot is a popular destination for tourists during the summer months because of the nearby Zhaohe [[grassland]]s. More recently, due to desertification, the city sees [[sandstorm]]s on almost an annual basis. ==Culture and Demographics == 11% of the city's population, roughly 260,000 people, is of ethnic [[Mongol]] origin<ref>This number is determined by official data, which classifies mixed individuals as belonging to a single ethnicity. People with mixed Han Chinese and Mongol origin normally identify themselves legally as Mongolian. As a result, this number is likely inaccurate.</ref>. Having been integrated into mainstream urban society, most Mongolians in the city speak fluent [[standard Mandarin]] in addition to [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]. However, younger speakers are moving towards speaking Chinese amongst themselves as well. Of the remaining population, most are [[Han Chinese]] descendants of people originally from [[Shanxi]] that have settled in the area over the past few centuries, or those who have migrated from [[Northeastern China]] and [[Hebei]] province after the founding of the [[People's Republic of China]] in [[1949]], supported by government initiatives at the time to support the development of border regions. There is a small minority of [[Koreans|Korean]], [[Hui Chinese|Hui]], [[Manchu]], and [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] populations, amongst others. A significant portion of the population is of mixed ethnic origin. The majority of Hohhot residents can converse fluently in Mandarin, but there exists a linguistic divide between "old-town" folk (comprising today's Huimin District), with a large Muslim Hui minority, who tend to converse in raw [[Hohhot dialect]], a branch of the [[Jin (linguistics)|Jin]] language from neighboring [[Shanxi]] province. This spoken form can be difficult to understand for a [[standard Mandarin]] speaker or even Mandarin speakers from the other side of the city. The newer and more educated residents, mostly concentrated in [[Xincheng District|Xincheng]] and [[Saihan District]]s, speak Hohhot-based [[Mandarin Chinese]], the majority also with a noticeable accent and some unique vocabulary. (See [[Hohhot dialect]] for further details) Due to its relatively diverse cultural make-up, and despite its characteristics as a mid-sized Chinese industrial city, the Hohhot street scene has no shortage of ethnic minority elements. Tongdao Rd, a major street in the old town area, is decorated with Islamic and Mongol exterior designs on all its buildings. A series of government initiatives in recent years have emphasized Hohhot's identity with ethnic minority groups, especially in increasing Mongolian-style architecture around the city. All street signs as well as public transportation announcements are regulated to be in both Chinese and Mongolian. Food specialty in the area is mostly focused on Mongolian cuisine and dairy products. Commercially, Hohhot is known for being the base of nationally renouned dairy giants Yili and [[Mengniu]]. Mongol ''[[Naicha]]'' (roughly translated as "milk tea") is a typical breakfast selection. The city also has rich traditions in the making of [[Hot pot]] and ''[[Shaomai]]''. There is also a large selection of Korean and Muslim restaurants, in addition to cuisine from other region of China. == Subdivisions == [[Image:Hohhot Central Square.jpg|thumb|left|280px|Xinhua Square]] Hohhot includes 4 counties, 4 districts, and a county-level [[Banner (Inner Mongolia)|banner]]; 20 sub-districts, and 96 townships. Districts include: *[[Xincheng District]] *[[Huimin District]] *[[Yuquan District]] *[[Saihan District]] Counties include: *[[Tokto County]] (托县) *[[Tolmud Left Banner]] (土默特左旗) *[[Wuchuan County]] (武川县) *[[Holingol County]] (和林格尔县) *[[Qingshuihe County]] (清水河县) == Transportation == [[Image:Hohhot Old Town.jpg|thumb|left|280px|The old town, now converted into an artifact shopping street]] By [[Passenger rail transport in China|rail]], Hohhot lies on the [[Jingbao Railway]] from Beijing to [[Baotou]]. Trains to Beijing link to destinations to the south and the [[Manchuria|northeast]]. The most prominent rail link with Beijing is the overnight K90 train, which has served the Hohhot-Beijing line since the 1980s and is referred to colloquially as simply "9-0" by locals. Westbound trains go through Baotou and [[Lanzhou]]. There are also rail links to most major Inner Mongolian cities and to [[Ulan Bator|Ulaanbaatar]]. Hohhot's [[Hohhot Baita International Airport|Baita International Airport]] ([[IATA]]:HET) is about half an hour from the city centre by car. It has direct flights to Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Wuhan, Hong Kong, and to [[Ulaanbaatar]], [[Mongolia]]. Long distance buses connect Hohhot to Baotou (via the [[Hubao Expressway]]) and to other areas in Inner Mongolia. The city has an extensive public transportation service composed of nearly one hundred bus routes and easily accessible taxicabs on all major streets. The taxi fare begins at 6 yuan. Hohhot is unique in that its major north-south thoroughfares are called "Lu" and its east-west thoroughfares are called "Jie". This is roughly equivalent to dividing roads into "street" and "avenue" designation according to direction. The largest interchange is near the site of the city's Drum Tower, after which it is named. Several major streets are named after Inner Mongolian leagues; of these, Hulun Buir, and Xing'an run north-south, while Ulan Chaab and Xilin Gol run east-west. [[Image:Genghis Khan Drive.JPG|thumb|250px|Genghis Khan Drive, on the North side of the city]] [[Image:Hohhot train station.JPG|thumb|The Hohhot Railway Station]] == Education == Universities located in Hohhot include: *[[Inner Mongolia University]] *[[Inner Mongolia University of Agriculture]] *[[Inner Mongolia Normal University]] *[[Inner Mongolia University of Technology]] *[[Inner Mongolia College of Medicine]] *[[Inner Mongolia College of Finance and Economics]] *[[Hohhot College of Education]] *[[Hohhot College of Police]] == Artifacts == There are over 50 sets of murals in southeastern Hohhot, including a "Horse-tending Image" (牧馬圖). Over 50 pre-modern [[Buddhist]] temples and towers. ==Landmarks== [[Image:Five Pagoda Temple, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Temple of the Five Pagodas in Hohhot]] *[[Zhaojun Tomb|Tomb of Wang Zhaojun]]: Located to about nine kilometers to the south of the center of Hohhot. It is said to be the resting place of [[Wang Zhaojun]], a commoner woman from the [[China|Chinese]] [[Han Empire]] who married a [[Xiongnu]] king, [[Chanyu]]. . *[[Temple of the Five Pagodas]]: Constructed in 1732 with architecture very similar to that of Indian temples. In its walls there are more than 1,500 figures of Buddha. *[[Da Zhao Temple]]: A Buddhist monastery constructed in 1579, the oldest in the city. *[[Inner Mongolia Museum]]: Main exhibits include dinosaur fossils, historical artifacts of nomadic peoples, and the cultural life of modern nomadic peoples. ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commonscat|Hohhot}} *[http://www.huhhot.gov.cn/chinese/home/index.asp Hohhot government website] *{{wikitravel}} *[http://hohhotmap.cn Map of Hohhot (Flash)] {{Inner Mongolia}} {{Major cities of Greater China}} {{coor title dm|40|49|N|111|39|E|region:CN_type:city}} [[Category:Provincial capitals in China]] [[Category:Settlements established in the 16th century]] [[Category:Cities in Inner Mongolia]] [[Category:Hohhot]] [[cs:Chöch chot]] [[da:Hohhot]] [[de:Hohhot]] [[et:Hôhhot]] [[es:Hohhot]] [[fr:Hohhot]] [[ko:후허하오터]] [[mn:Хөх хот]] [[nl:Hohhot]] [[ja:フフホト市]] [[no:Hohhot]] [[pl:Hohhot]] [[pt:Hohhot]] [[ro:Hohhot]] [[fi:Hohhot]] [[sv:Hohhot]] [[th:ฮูฮอต]] [[vi:Hohhot]] [[zh-yue:呼和浩特]] [[zh:呼和浩特市]]