Holstein 179403 225917173 2008-07-16T00:26:57Z GargoyleBot 6678853 Remove per [[Wikipedia:Templates_for_deletion/Log/2008_July_4#Template:Redirectstohere|TfD]]. {{otheruses}} [[Image:Jutland Peninsula map.PNG|thumb|right|240px|[[Jutland]] and Northernmost [[Germany]] showing [[Schleswig]] and [[Holstein]] in today's German Federal State of [[Schleswig-Holstein]].]] [[Image:Holstein Arms.svg|right|240px|Coat of arms of Holstein; similar to the coat of arms of [[Schaumburg]]|thumb]] '''Holstein''' ({{IPA2|ˈhɔlʃtain}}) ([[Low German]]: ''Holsteen'', [[Danish language|Danish]]: ''Holsten'', [[Latin]] and historical [[English language|English]]: ''Holsatia'') is the region between the rivers [[Elbe]] and [[Eider River|Eider]]. It is part of [[Schleswig-Holstein]], the northernmost state of Germany. Holstein once existed as the '''County of Holstein''' ({{lang-de|Grafschaft Holstein}}), the later '''Duchy of Holstein''' ({{lang-de|Herzogtum Holstein}}), and was the northernmost territory of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. The history of Holstein is closely intertwined with the history of the [[Kingdom of Denmark|Danish]] Duchy of [[Schleswig]]. The capital of Holstein is [[Kiel]]. Holstein's name comes from the '''Holcetae''', a [[Saxons|Saxon]] tribe mentioned by [[Adam of Bremen]] as living on the north bank of the Elbe, to the west of Hamburg. The name means "dwellers in the wood". ==History== Holstein, essentially the part of [[Old Saxony]] that was situated north of the river [[Elbe]], was conquered by [[Charlemagne]] ca. 800. It was a county from 1111–1474; it was first a fief of the [[Duchy of Saxony]], then of the Duchy of [[Saxe-Lauenburg]], and finally of the [[Bishopric of Lübeck]]. The County of Holstein was ruled by the House of [[Schaumburg|Schauenburg]]; the first count was [[Adolf I, Count of Holstein]]. Holstein was occupied by [[Denmark]] after the [[Battle of Stellau]] ([[1201]]), but was reconquered by Schauenburg in the [[Battle of Bornhöved (1227)]]. In the [[14th century]], the counts of Holstein acquired the Duchy of [[Schleswig]], a fief of the Kingdom of [[Denmark]]. When the Holstein line of the Schauenburg counts became extinct in [[1459]], Holstein and Schleswig fell to the [[king of Denmark]] through the [[Treaty of Ribe]] ([[1460]]); only the [[Lordship of Pinneberg]] remained with the Schauenburg counts. In [[1474]], Holstein was raised to a duchy and became a state of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] (''[[reichsunmittelbar]]''), which it remained until the dissolution of the Empire in 1806. In [[1490]], Holstein was divided into Holstein-Segeberg and [[Holstein-Gottorp]]. Holstein-Segeberg remained with the Danish king and was also known as '''Royal Holstein'''; later it came to be known as [[Holstein-Glückstadt]]. Holstein-Gottorp, also known as '''Ducal Holstein''', was given to a cadet branch of the [[House of Oldenburg]], to which the kings of Denmark belonged. The Duke of Holstein-Gottorp became emperor of Russia in 1762 as [[Peter III of Russia|Peter III]] and was planning an attack on Denmark to recover the lost [[Holstein-Gottorp]] lands in Schleswig. Although Peter was soon overthrown by his wife, [[Catherine the Great]], the Danes determined to rid themselves of this problem. In 1773, they exchanged the [[Oldenburg (state)|County of Oldenburg]] for the Gottorp lands in Holstein, bringing all of Holstein under their control. Thus, Holstein was again united in one state. Because of its personal union with Denmark, the Duchy of Holstein did not come under French control during the [[Napoleonic era]]. From [[1815]] to [[1864]] it was a member of the [[German Confederation]], though still in [[personal union]] with Denmark (the King of Denmark being also Duke of Holstein). Following the death of King [[Frederick VII of Denmark]] in 1863, the inheritance of Schleswig and Holstein was disputed. The new king, [[Christian IX of Denmark|Christian IX]], made his claim to the Danish throne through a female line. The [[Duke of Augustenborg]], a minor scion from another line of the family, claimed the Duchies, and soon the German Confederation, led by [[Prussia]] and [[Austria]], went to war with Denmark, quickly defeating it in 1864 and forcing it to cede the duchies. However, the duchies were not given to the Duke of Augustenborg. In [[1865]] an arrangement was worked out between Prussia and Austria where the Austrians occupied and administered Holstein, while the Prussians did the same in Schleswig. This arrangement came to an end with the [[Austro-Prussian War]] of [[1866]], which resulted in Schleswig and Holstein both being incorporated into Prussia as the [[Province of Schleswig-Holstein]]. For a list of rulers, see ''[[Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein]]''. ==Geography== ==External links== * [http://www.hoeckmann.de/germany/schleswig-en.htm Map of Schleswig-Holstein in 1730] {{Lower Saxon Circle}} {{States of the German Confederation}} [[Category:Geography of Schleswig-Holstein]] [[Category:History of Schleswig-Holstein]] [[Category:History of Denmark]] [[Category:States of the German Confederation]] [[Category:States of the Holy Roman Empire]] [[da:Holsten]] [[de:Holstein]] [[eo:Holstinio]] [[it:Holstein]] [[he:הולשטיין]] [[la:Holsatia]] [[nl:Holstein]] [[ja:ホルシュタイン]] [[no:Holsten]] [[nds:Holsteen]] [[pl:Holsztyn]] [[pt:Holstein]] [[ru:Гольштейн]] [[sv:Holstein]]