Home automation 184978 219781023 2008-06-16T21:10:32Z 216.210.171.101 /* Classifications of Domestic Net Technologies */ {{otheruses4|automation within residences|automation within commercial buildings|Building automation}} {{original research|date=May 2008}} {{Nofootnotes|date=May 2008}} '''Home automation''' (also called '''domotics''') is a field within [[building automation]], specializing in the specific [[automation]] requirements of private [[home]]s and in the application of automation techniques for the comfort and security of its residents. Although many techniques used in building automation (such as light and climate control, control of doors and window shutters, security and surveillance systems, etc.) are also used in home automation, additional functions in home automation can include the control of [[home cinema|multi-media home entertainment systems]], automatic [[houseplant|plant watering]] and pet feeding, automatic scenes for dinners and parties, and a more user-friendly [[user interface|control interface]]. When home automation is installed during construction of a new home, usually control wires are added before the interior walls are installed. These control wires run to a controller, which will then control the environment. == Standards and bridges== Specific domotic standards include [[INSTEON]], [[X10 (industry standard)|X10]], [[PLC BUS]], [[KNX (standard)]], [[System Box]], [[LonWorks]], [[C-Bus (protocol)|C-Bus]], [[Universal powerline bus|Universal powerline bus (UPB)]], [[UPnP]], [[ZigBee]] and [[Z-Wave]] that will allow for control of most applications. Some standards use communication and control wiring, some embed signals in the [[Electric power transmission|powerline]], some use [[Radio frequency|radio frequency (RF)]] signals, and some use a combination of several methods. Control wiring is hardest to retrofit into an existing house. Some appliances include [[USB]] that is used to control it and connect it to a domotics network. Bridges translate information from one standard to another (eg. from [[X10 (industry standard)|X10]] to [[European Installation Bus]]). {| class="wikitable" style ="font-size: smaller ; text-align : center ; width: auto;" |- !Technology !Transmission medium !Transmission speed !Maximum distance to the device |- | [[Ethernet]] | [[Unshielded twisted pair]] / [[FO]] | 100 Mbit/s – 1 Gbit/s | 100 m – 15Km |- | [[HomePlug]] | [[Electrical wiring]] | 14 Mbit/s |- | [[HomePNA]] | [[Telephone line]] | 10 Mbit/s | 300 m |- | [[Wi-Fi]] / [[IEEE 802.11]] | [[Radio frequency]] | 11 Mbit/s – 248 Mbit/s | 30 m – 100m |- |} {| class="wikitable" style ="font-size: smaller ; text-align : center ; width: auto;" |- !Technology !Transmission medium !Transmission speed !Maximum distance to the device |- | [[FireWire]] / [[IEEE 1394]] | [[Unshielded twisted pair]] / [[FO]] | 400 Mbit/s – 3.2 Gbit/s | 4.5 m – 70m |- | [[USB]] | [[Twisted pair]] | 12 Mbit/s – 480 Mbit/s | 5 m |- | [[Bluetooth]] | [[Radio frequency]] | 1 Mbit/s – 10 Mbit/s | 10 m – 100m |- | [[IRDA]] | [[Infrared#Communications|Infrared]] | 9600 bit/s – 4 Mbit/s | 2 m |- |} {| class="wikitable" style ="font-size: smaller ; text-align : center ; width: auto;" |- !Technology !Transmission medium !Transmission speed !Maximum distance to the device |- | [[Konnex]] | [[Twisted pair]] / [[PL]] / [[Ethernet]] / [[Radio frequency]] | 1200 bit/s – 9600 bit/s | 4.5 m – 70m |- | [[LonWorks]] | [[Twisted pair]] / [[Electrical wiring]] / [[Radio frequency]] / [[Coaxial]] | 1.70 kbit/s – 1.28 Mbit/s | 1500 m – 2700m |- | [[X10 (industry standard)|X10]] | [[Electrical wiring]] | 50 bit/s – 60 bit/s |- | [[European Installation Bus]] / [[KNX (standard)|KNX]] | [[Twisted pair]] / [[Electrical wiring]] / [[Radio frequency]] / [[Infrared]] | 1200 bit/s – 9600 bit/s | 300 m – 1000m |- | [[EHS]] | [[Twisted pair]] / [[Electrical wiring]] | 2.4 kbit/s – 48 kbit/s |- | [[Batibus]] | [[Twisted pair]] | 4800 bit/s | 200 m – 1500m |- | [[Zigbee]] | [[Radio frequency]] | 20 kbit/s – 250 kbit/s | 10 m – 75m |- |} == Effects == In extreme installations, rooms can sense not only the presence of a person but know who that person is and perhaps set appropriate lighting, temperature and music/TV taking into account day of week, time of day, and other factors. Other automated tasks may include setting the [[air conditioning]] to an [[energy saving]] setting when the house is unoccupied, and restoring the normal setting when an occupant is about to return. More sophisticated systems can maintain an [[inventory]] of products, recording their usage through an [[RFID]] tag, and prepare a shopping list or even automatically order replacements. Some practical implementations of home automation are for example when an alarm detects a fire or smoke condition, then all lights in the house will blink to alert occupants. If the house is equipped with a [[home cinema|home theater]], a home automation system can shut down all audio and video components to alert the user to a possible fire or a burglar. == System == The elements of a domotics system are: * [[Programmable Logic Controller|controllers]] * [[sensors]] * [[actuators]] === Architecture === From the point of view of where the intelligence of the domotic system resides, there are three different architectures: '''''Centralized Architecture:''''' a centralized controller receives information of multiple sensors and, once processed, generates the opportune orders for the actuators. '''''Distributed Architecture:''''' all the intelligence of the system is distributed by all the modules that are [[sensors]] or [[actuators]]. Usually it is typical of the systems of wiring in [[bus (computing)|bus]]. '''''Mixed Architecture:''''' systems with decentralized architecture as far as which they have several small devices able to acquire and to process the information of multiple [[sensors]] and to transmit them to the rest of devices distributed by the house. === Interconnection === By wire: # [[xDSL]] # [[optical fiber]] # cable ([[coaxial]] and [[twisted pair]]) # [[Power line communication|powerline]] # Cresnet Wireless: # [[radio frequency]], including: #: [[Wi-Fi]] #: [[GPRS]] and [[UMTS]] #: [[Bluetooth]] #: [[DECT]] #: [[ZigBee]] #: [[Z-Wave]] #: [[ONE-NET]] #: [[EnOcean]] # [[infrared]] #: [[Consumer_IR]] Both # [[Insteon]] == Classifications of Domestic Net Technologies == *Device interconnection: **[[FireWire]] **[[Bluetooth]] **[[USB]] **[[IrDA]] *Control and automation nets: **[[Konnex]] **[[Lonworks]] **[[X10]] **[[ONE-NET]] **[[EIB]] **[[EHS]] **[[BatiBUS]] **[[ZigBee]] *Data nets: **[[Ethernet]] **[[Homeplug]] **[[HomePNA]] **[[Wifi]] == Tasks == === HVAC === [[HVAC|Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)]] solutions include temperature and [[humidity]] control (climotics). This category also typically includes control of exhaust and ceiling fans. === Lighting === [[Lighting control system]]s involves aspects related to controlling electric lights. * Extinguished general of all the lights of the house * Automation of switched off / ignition in every point of light * Regulation of the illumination according to the level of ambient luminosity. === Natural lighting === Natural lighting control involves controlling window shades, LCD shades, draperies and awnings. Recent advances include use of [[radio frequency|RF]] technology to avoid wiring to switches and integration with third party home automation systems for centralized control. === Audio === This category includes [[audio switching]] and [[audio distribution|distribution]]. Audio switching determines the selection of an audio source. Audio distribution allows an audio source to be heard in one or more rooms. This feature is often referred to as 'multi-zone' audio. === Video === This includes video switching and distribution, allowing a video source to be viewed on multiple TVs. This feature is often referred to as 'multi-zone' video. Integration of the [[door entry system|intercom]] to the [[telephone]], or of the [[video door entry system]] to the television set. === Security === Control and integration of [[security systems]]. This category also includes control and distribution of security [[cameras]] (see [[surveillance]]). * Detection of possible [[intrusion]] ** [[sensor]]s of detection of movement ** sensors of magnetic contact of [[door]]/[[window]] ** sensors of glass breaking * [[Simulation]] of [[presence]]. * Detection of fire, gas leaks, water leaks (see [[fire alarm]] and [[gas alarm]]) * Medical [[alert]]. Teleassistance. * Precise and safe closing of [[Window blind|blinds.]] === Intercoms === An [[intercom]] system allows communication via a [[microphone]] and [[loud speaker]] between multiple rooms. * Ubiquity in the external control as much internal, remote control from the [[Internet]], [[Personal Computer|PC]], [[wireless]] controls (p.ej. [[Personal digital assistant|PDA]] with [[WiFi]]), electrical equipment. * Transmission of [[alarm]]s. * Intercommunications. === Robotics === * Control of [[home robot]]s, using if necessary domotic [[electric beacon]]. * Home robot communication (i.e. using [[WiFi]]) with the domotic network and other home robots. === Other systems === Using special hardware, almost any device can be monitored and controlled automatically or remotely. Including: *Coffee pot *[[Garage door]](s) *Pet feeding and watering *[[Irrigation sprinkler | Plant watering]] *Pool pump(s) and heater, Hot tub and Spa *Sump Pump (need info and links) == Organizations == *[[CENELEC]] *[[MIT]] [[AgeLab]] *[[SIMO TCI]] *[[DLNA]] *[[Insteon]] == See also == {{Commonscat}} *[[Home automation for the elderly and disabled]] *[[Digital home]] *[[Home of the future]] *[[Emergency light]] *[[Floor plan]] and [[house navigation system]] *[[Gate operator]] *[[Information appliance]] *[[HVAC]] *[[Power line communication]] *[[Speech recognition]] and [[Text To Speech]] (TTS) *[[Touchscreen|Touchscreen/Touch panel]] *[[Building automation]] == External links == <!--===========================({{NoMoreLinks}})===============================--> <!--| DO NOT ADD MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A COLLECTION OF |--> <!--| LINKS. 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