Homogeneous catalysis 1427715 164536666 2007-10-14T18:09:39Z 88.109.237.219 '''Homogeneous catalysis''' is a [[chemistry]] term which describes [[catalysis]] where the [[catalyst]] is in the same phase (ie. [[solid]], [[liquid]] and [[gas]]) as the [[reactants]]. It is the opposite to [[heterogeneous catalysis]]. Notice that two liquids can be different phases. Therefore, for example, the petrochemical [[alkylation]] process features [[heterogeneous catalysis]], although both the catalyst (acid) and reactants (hydrocarbons) are liquids. The [[hydrolysis]] of [[ester]]s by [[acid catalysis]] is an example of this - all reactants and catalyst are dissolved in water: :CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ↔ CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H(aq) + CH<sub>3</sub>OH(aq) - ''with H<sup>+</sup> catalyst.'' Contemporary examples of homogeneous catalysis utilizing metal complexes include [[hydroformylation]], [[Ziegler-Natta]] polymerization, [[hydrogen transfer catalysis]], [[hydrogenation]], and [[C-H activation]].<ref>C. Elschenbroich, A. Salzer ”Organometallics : A Concise Introduction” (2nd Ed) (1992) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. ISBN 3-527-28165-7</ref> ==References== <references/> [[de:Homogene Katalyse]] [[Category:Catalysts]] [[Category:Homogeneous catalysis]]