Hordeum
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2008-06-18T03:20:42Z
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{{Taxobox
| name = ''Hordeum''
| image = Hordeum distichon0.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Hordeum vulgare'' f. ''distichon''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
| familia = [[Poaceae]]
| genus = '''''Hordeum'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
|}}
'''''Hordeum''''' is a genus of about 30 species of annual and perennial [[Poaceae|grasses]], native throughout the temperate [[Northern Hemisphere]], temperate [[South America]], and also [[South Africa]].
One species, ''H. vulgare'' ([[barley]]), is of major commercial importance as a [[cereal]] grain, used as fodder crop and for [[malting]] in [[beer]] and [[whiskey]] production. Some species are nuisance [[weed]]s introduced world-wide by human activities others endangered due to habitat loss.
''Hordeum'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Flame (moth)|The Flame]], [[Rustic Shoulder-knot]] and [[Setaceous Hebrew Character]].
== Species ==
The genus ''Hordeum'' comprises currently 32 species:
*''Hordeum arizonicum''
*''Hordeum bogdanii''
*''[[Hordeum brachyantherum]]''
** with the subspecies (subsp.) ''brachyantherum'' (meadow barley) and ''californicum'' (California barley)
*''Hordeum brevisubulatum''
** subsp. ''brevisubulatum'', ''iranicum'', ''nevskianum'', ''turkestanicum'', and ''violaceum''
*''Hordeum bulbosum''
*''Hordeum capense''
*''Hordeum chilense''
*''Hordeum comosum''
*''Hordeum cordobense''
*''[[Hordeum depressum]]''
*''Hordeum erectifolium''
*''Hordeum euclaston''
*''Hordeum flexuosum''
*''Hordeum fuegianum''
*''Hordeum guatemalense''
*''Hordeum gussoneanum'' (sea barley)
*''Hordeum intercedens''
*''[[Hordeum jubatum]]'' (foxtail barley)
*''Hordeum lechleri''
*''Hordeum marinum'' (sea barley)
*''[[Hordeum murinum]]'' (wall barley)
** subsp. ''murinum'', ''glaucum'', and ''leporinum''
*''Hordeum muticum''
*''Hordeum patagonicum''
** subsp. ''patagonicum'', ''magellanicum'', ''mustersi'', ''santacrucense'', and ''setifolium''
*''Hordeum parodii''
*''Hordeum procerum''
*''Hordeum pubiflorum''
** subsp. ''pubiflorum'' and ''halophilum''
*''Hordeum pusillum''
*''Hordeum roshevitzii''
*''Hordeum secalinum''
*''Hordeum stenostachys''
*''Hordeum tetraploidum''
*''Hordeum vulgare'' ([[barley]])
** [[barley]] (''Hordeum vulgare'' subsp. ''vulgare'')
*** two-rowed barley (''Hordeum vulgare'' f. ''distichon'')
*** six-rowed barley (''Hordeum vulgare'' f. ''hexastichon'', ''Hordeum vulgare'' f. ''agriochriton'')
** wild barley (''Hordeum vulgare'' subsp. ''spontaneum'')
== References ==
{{commonscat|Hordeum}}
*{{cite book |author=R. von Bothmer, N. Jacobsen, C. Baden, R. B. Jørgensen & I. Linde-Laursen |year=1995 |title=An ecogeographical study of the genus ''Hordeum'', 2nd ed. |id=ISBN 92-9043-229-2 |publisher=International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome |url=http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/Publications/HTMLPublications/271/index.htm}}
*{{cite journal |quotes=no |author=F. R. Blattner |year=2004 |title=Phylogenetic analysis of ''Hordeum'' (Poaceae) as inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequences |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=289–299 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2004.05.012 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790304001745}}
*{{cite journal |quotes=no |author=F. R. Blattner |year=2006 |title=Multiple intercontinental dispersals shaped the distribution area of ''Hordeum'' (Poaceae) |journal=[[New Phytologist]] |volume=169 |issue=3 |pages=603–614 |url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01610.x |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01610.x}}
*{{cite journal |quotes=no |author=S. S. Jakob, A. Ihlow & F. R. Blattner |year=2007 |title=Combined ecological niche modelling and molecular phylogeography revealed the evolutionary history of ''Hordeum marinum'' (Poaceae) — niche differentiation, loss of genetic diversity, and speciation in Mediterranean Quaternary refugia |journal=[[Molecular Ecology]] |volume=16 |issue=8 |pages=1713–1727 |url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03228.x |doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03228.x}}
[[Category:Grasses]]
[[ca:Hordeum]]
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