House of Habsburg
13824
225373576
2008-07-13T10:10:12Z
66.214.64.65
{{for|the municipality in [[Switzerland]]|Habsburg, Switzerland}}
{{Royal house|
| surname = House of Habsburg
| estate = Austria,Hungary, Portugal, Mexico, Bohemia, and Spain
| coat of arms = [[Image:Counts of Habsburg Arms.svg|100px]]
| country = [[Austria]],[[Hungary]], [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]]
| titles = [[List of rulers of Austria|Monarch of Austria]], [[List of Castilian monarchs|King of Castile]], [[King of Aragon]], [[King of Spain]], [[List of rulers of Hungary|Monarch of Hungary]], [[Holy Roman Emperor]], [[List of Emperors of Mexico|Emperor of Mexico]]
| founder = [[Otto II, Count of Habsburg]]
| final ruler = [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]] in Austria </br> [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]] in Spain
| current head = None. Habsburg line merged with [[Lorraine (province)|House of Lorraine]] to become [[Habsburg#House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine:_the_Austrian_Empire|House of Habsburg-Lorraine]]
| founding year = [[12th Century|1100s AD]]
| dissolution = 1780 in Austria, 1700 in Spain, 1640 deposed in Portugal
| nationality = [[Austrian people|Austrian]], [[Spanish people|Spanish]], [[German people|German]]
| cadet branches = [[Leopoldian line]]</br>
[[Albertine line]] </br>
[[Spanish Habsburgs]]}}
[[Image:Wappen röm.kaiser.JPG|thumb|Coats of arms of a Habsburg Emperor showing the variety of his territories.]]
[[Image:hohenberg.jpg|thumb|150px|'''Arms of the Ducal House of Hohenberg-descended from Franz Ferdinard and Sophia Choteck]]
'''Habsburg''' (sometimes anglicized to "'''Hapsburg'''") and the successor family, '''Habsburg-Lorraine''', were important [[Royal House|ruling houses]] of [[Europe]] and are best known as the ruling [[Habsburg Spain|House of Spain]] and the ruling Houses of Austria (and the [[Austrian Empire]] and its successors) where the dynasty reigned for over six centuries.
Aside from inherited dignities and lands, the dynasty's members were frequently elected to be ''the "Emperor of the Romans",'' who nominally led the far flung, fragmented and factional states of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], including the roughly 1800 states of [[List of states in the Holy Roman Empire|the Germanies]].
Their principal roles were as:
* German Kings (several centuries to 1806), mostly also as
* [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperors]], and
* Byzantine Emperors (titular)
* [[Rulers of Austria]] (as [[Duke]]s 1282–1453, [[Archduke]]s 1453–1804, and [[Emperor]]s 1804–1918),
* Kings of [[Bohemia]] (1306–1307, 1437–1439, 1453–1457, 1526–1918),
* [[King of Hungary|Kings of Hungary]] (1437–1439, 1445–1457, 1526–1918),
* Kings of [[Croatia]] (1437–1439, 1445–1457, 1527–1918),
* Kings of [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]] (1516–1700),
* Kings of [[Portugal]] (1580–1640),
* Kings of [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galizia and Lodomeria]] (1772–1918), and
* Grand Princes of [[Transylvania]] (1690–1918).
* Grand Dukes of [[Tuscany]] (1737–1801; 1814–1860).
* Archdukes of [[Austria-Este]] {1771}.
* Ducal [[House of Hohenberg]] {1900}.
Other crowns held briefly by the House included:
* [[Monarch|King]]-consort of England (1554–1558)
* Dukes of [[Parma]] (1814–1847)
* Dukes of [[Modena]] (1814–1859)
* Emperor of [[Mexico]] (1864–1867)
* Queen consort of France and Navarre (later retitle of the French) (1774-1792)
* Empress consort of the French (1810-1814)
* Queens consort of Portugal and the Algarve (1518-1521, 1525-1557, 1708-1750 and 1826)
* Empress consort of Brazil (1822-1826)
Numerous other titles were attached to the crowns listed above.
==A brief history of the House of Habsburg==
===From Counts of Habsburg to Roman Emperors===
[[Image:Schweiz Frühmia Adel.svg|left|thumb|300px|The Habsburg dominions around AD 1200 are shown as {{legend0|#f4bedb|Habsburg}}, among the houses of {{legend0|#f7b282|[[House of Savoy|Savoy]]}}, {{legend0|#9dd575|[[Zähringer]]}} and {{legend0|#f6f07f|[[Counts of Kyburg|Kyburg]]}}]]
[[Image:HRR 14Jh.jpg|left|thumb|200px| The Habsburg dominions within the Holy Roman Empire acquired before AD 1378 are shown as {{legend0|#e7b554|Habsburg}}, among the houses of {{legend0|#b593cf|[[House of Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]}} and {{legend0|#b9c583|[[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]}}]]
The dynasty is named after the seat of origin, the Habsburg castle in the Swiss Canton of [[Aargau]].
The origins of the name of the castle are uncertain. Most people assume the name to be derived from the [[High German]] ''[[Habichtsburg]]'' (Hawk Castle), but some historians and linguists are convinced that the name comes from the Middle High German word 'hab/ hap' meaning ford, as there is a river with a ford nearby. The first documented use of the name by the dynasty itself has been traced to the year 1108.<ref>"Habsburger-Gedenkjahr im Aargau," [[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]], (page 17) 23 May 2008.</ref><ref>[[http://www.art-tv.ch/1965-0-habsburger-gedenkjahr.html]]</ref><ref>[[http://www.ag.ch/staatsarchiv/de/pub/fokus/habsburger_gedenkjahr.php]]</ref>
The Habsburg (aka Hapsburg) Castle was the [[family seat]] in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries in the former duchy of [[Swabia]], which incorporated present-day [[Aargau]], at the time of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. From southwestern Germany (mainly [[Alsace]], [[Breisgau]], [[Aargau]] and [[Thurgau]]) the family extended its influence and holdings to the southeastern reaches of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], roughly today's [[Austria]] (1278–1382). Within only two or three generations, the Habsburgs had managed to secure an initially intermittent grasp on the imperial throne that would last for centuries (1273–1291, 1298–1308, 1438–1740, and 1745–1806).
==Maximilian I and II==
On the evening of August 16,1477, by marrying [[Mary of Burgundy|Mary]], heiress of [[Burgundy]] [[(Flanders)]], Archduke [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] acquired control of the Low Countries, effectively establishing the Hapsburg Dynasty by extending their territories outside Austria. From this beginning, the Hapsburgs would create the first global empire and remain powerful into the twentieth century. Maximilian's son, [[Philip I of Castile|Philip the Handsome]] (also known as Phillip the Fair) married [[Joanna of Castile|Juana]], also known as Joan the Mad, heiress of [[Spain]]. Phillip and Joan had six children, the eldest of which became [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] and inherited Spain, Southern [[Italy]], [[Austria]] and the [[Low Countries]]..<ref>Great Events from History, ''The Renaissance & Early Modern Era'', Vol I, pp.112-114, author-Clare Callaghan, ISBN..1-58765-214-5 </ref>
In 1580 Charles' son [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] inherited [[Portugal]] and all its colonies.
Under [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]], the Habsburgs first acquired the land upon which would later be erected the [[Schönbrunn Palace]], the Habsburgs' summer palace in [[Vienna]] and one of the most enduring symbols of the dynasty.
===Division of the House: Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs===
[[Image:Habsburg Map 1547b.jpg|thumb|left|430px|A map of the dominion of the Habsburgs following the [[Battle of Mühlberg]] (1547) as depicted in ''The Cambridge Modern History Atlas'' (1912); Habsburg lands are shaded green. Not shaded are the lands of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] over which the Habsburgs presided, nor are the vast Castilian holdings outside of Europe, and particularly in the [[New World]], shown.]]
After the [[April 21]], [[1521]] assignment of the Austrian lands to [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] from his brother Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] (also King Charles I of Spain) (1516–1556), the dynasty split into one [[Habsburg Monarchy|Austrian]] and one [[Habsburg Spain|Spanish branch]]. The Austrian Habsburgs held (after 1556) the title of [[Holy Roman Emperor]], as well as the Habsburg Hereditary Lands and the Kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary, while the Spanish Habsburgs ruled over the Spanish kingdoms, the Netherlands, the Habsburgs' Italian possessions, and, for a time, Portugal. [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], nominally under Habsburg kingship from 1526 but mostly under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Turkish occupation for 150 years, was reconquered in 1683–1699.
The Spanish Habsburgs died out in 1700 (prompting the [[War of the Spanish Succession]]), as did the Austrian Habsburgs in 1740 (prompting the [[War of the Austrian Succession]]). However, the heiress of the last Austrian Habsburg ([[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]]) had married [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis Stephan]], [[Duke of Lorraine]], (both of them were great-grandchildren of Habsburg Emperor [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]], but from different empresses) and their descendants carried on the Habsburg tradition from [[Vienna]] under the dynastic name Habsburg-Lorraine. (see [[Dukes of Lorraine family tree]]) (It is often speculated that extensive intra-family marriages within both lines contributed to their extinctions, but there were few such marriages in the Austrian line. Smallpox killing young heirs was a greater cause.)
===House of Habsburg-Lorraine: the Austrian Empire===
{{Royal house|
| surname = House of Habsburg-Lorraine
| estate = Austria and Hungary
| coat of arms = [[Image:Wappen Habsburg-Lothringen Schild.svg|100px]]
| country = [[Austria]], [[Hungary]]
| parent house = [[List of rulers of Lorraine|House of Lorraine]]
| titles = [[Archduke of Austria]], [[King of Hungary]], [[King of Bohemia]], [[Empire of Austria|Emperor of Austria]]
| founder = [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
| final ruler = [[Karl I of Austria]]
| current head = [[Otto von Habsburg]]
| founding year = 1780
| dissolution = 1918
| nationality = [[Austrian people|Austrian]], [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]], [[German people|German]]
| cadet branches = [[Austria-Este|House of Austria-Este]]}}
On [[August 6]] [[1806]] the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved under the French Emperor [[Napoleon I]]'s reorganisation of [[Germany]]. However, in anticipation of the loss of his title of Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II declared himself hereditary [[Emperor of Austria]] (as Francis I, thereof) on [[August 11]], [[1804]], three months after Napoleon had declared himself Emperor of the French on [[May 18]], [[1804]].
Emperor [[Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire|Francis I]] of Austria used the official great title: "We, Francis the First, by the grace of God Emperor of Austria; [[Kings of Jerusalem|King of Jerusalem]], [[Hungary]], [[Bohemia]], [[Dalmatia]], [[Croatia]], [[Slavonia]], [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galicia and Lodomeria]]; Archduke of [[Austria]]; Duke of [[Lorraine (province)|Lorraine]], [[Salzburg]], [[Würzburg]], [[Franconia]], [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]], [[Carinthia (duchy)|Carinthia]], and [[Carniola]]; Grand Duke of [[Grand Duchy of Cracow|Cracow]]; Grand Prince of [[Transylvania]]; Margrave of [[Moravia]]; Duke of [[Sandomir]], [[Masovia]], [[Lublin]], Upper and Lower [[Silesia]], [[Oswiecim|Auschwitz]] and [[Zator]], [[Cieszyn|Teschen]], and [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Friule]]; Prince of [[Berchtesgaden]] and [[Mergentheim]]; Princely Count of Habsburg, [[Gorizia]], and [[Gradisca d'Isonzo|Gradisca]] and of the [[Tyrol]]; and Margrave of Upper and Lower [[Lusatia]] and [[Istria]]".
Under the terms of the ''[[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]]'' effective autonomy was given to Hungary (''see'' [[Austria-Hungary]]). Under this arrangement, the Hungarians referred to their ruler as king and never emperor. This prevailed until the Habsburgs' deposition from both Austria and Hungary in 1918 following defeat in [[World War I]].
On [[November 11]] [[1918]], with his empire collapsing around him, the last Habsburg ruler, [[Charles I of Austria|Charles I]] (who also reigned as Charles IV of Hungary) issued a proclamation recognizing Austria's right to determine the future of the state and renouncing any role in state affairs. Two days later, he issued a separate proclamation for Hungary. Even though he did not officially [[abdication|abdicate]], this is considered the end of the Habsburg dynasty. In 1919, the new republican Austrian government subsequently passed a law banishing the Habsburgs from Austrian territory until they renounced all intentions of regaining the throne and accepted the status of private citizens. Charles made several attempts to regain the throne of Hungary, and in 1921 the Hungarian government passed a law which revoked Charles' rights and dethroned the Habsburgs.
The Habsburgs did not formally abandon all hope of returning to power until [[Otto von Habsburg]], Emperor Charles' eldest son, renounced all claims to the throne. He is still the head of the house of Habsburg today.
The dynasty's motto is "Let others wage wars, but you, happy Austria, shall marry", which indicates the talent of the Habsburgs to have their progeny intermarry into other royal houses, as to make alliances. [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Empress Maria Theresa]] is recognised quite notably for it and is sometimes referred to as the 'Great-Grandmother of Europe'.
==Family tree==
This family tree only includes male scions of the direct House of Habsburg who survived to adulthood.
[[Image:Habsburg Family Tree.jpg|800px]]
==Main line==
Before [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolph]] rose to [[Holy Roman Emperor|German king]], the Habsburgs were [[Count]]s in what is today southwestern [[Germany]] and [[Switzerland]].
===Ancestors===
* [[Guntram, Count of Habsburg|Guntram the Rich]] (ca. 930–985 / 990) Father of:
* [[Lanzelin, Count of Habsburg|Lanzelin]] of [[Altenburg]] (d. 991). Besides Radbot, he had sons named [[Rudolph I, Count of Habsburg|Rudolph I]], [[Werner I, Bishop of Strasbourg|Wernher]], and Landolf.
===Counts of Habsburg===
* [[Radbot, Count of Habsburg|Radbot]] of [[Klettgau]], built the [[Habsburg castle]] (ca. 985–1035<!--note: sometimes date of death is given as 1045, see http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radbot and http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radbot -->). Besides Werner I, he had two other sons: [[Otto I, Count of Habsburg|Otto I]], who would become Count of [[Sundgau]] in the [[Alsace]], and [[Albert I, Count of Habsburg|Albrecht I]].
* [[Werner I, Count of Habsburg|Werner I]], Count of Habsburg (1025 / 1030–1096). Besides Otto II, there was another son, [[Albert II, Count of Habsburg|Albert II]], who was [[Vogt|reeve]] of [[Muri]] from 1111–1141 after the death of Otto II.
* [[Otto II, Count of Habsburg|Otto II]] of Habsburg; first to name himself as "of Habsburg" (d. 1111) Father of:
* [[Werner II, Count of Habsburg|Werner II]] of Habsburg (around 1135; d. 1167) Father of:
* [[Albert III, Count of Habsburg|Albrecht III]] of Habsburg (''the Rich''), d. 1199. Under him, the Habsburg territories expanded to cover most of what is today the [[German language|German-speaking]] part of [[Switzerland]]. Father of:
* [[Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg|Rudolph II]] of Habsburg (d. 1232) Father of:
* [[Albert IV, Count of Habsburg|Albrecht IV]] of Habsburg, (d. 1239 / 1240); father of Rudolph IV of Habsburg, who would later become king [[Rudolph I of Germany]]. Between [[Albrecht IV]] and his brother [[Rudolph III, Count of Habsburg|Rudolph III]], the Habsburg properties were split, with Albrecht keeping the [[Aargau]] and the western parts, the eastern parts going to Rudolph III. Albrecht IV was also an ancestor of [[Sophia Chotek]] wife of [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]].
===German kings ===
*[[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolph I]] was king of Germany (an elective position) from 1273–1291.
===Dukes of Austria===
In the late [[Middle Ages]], when the Habsburgs expanded their territories in the east, they often ruled as dukes of the [[Duchy of Austria]] which covered only what is today [[Lower Austria]] and the eastern part of [[Upper Austria]]. The Habsburg possessions also included [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]], and then expanded west to include [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]] and [[Carniola]] in 1335 and [[Tyrol]] in 1363. Their original scattered possessions in the southern [[Alsace]], south-western Germany and [[Vorarlberg]] were collectively known as [[Further Austria]]. The Habsburg dukes gradually lost their homelands south of the [[Rhine]] and [[Lake Constance]] to the expanding [[Old Swiss Confederacy]]. Unless mentioned explicitly, the dukes of Austria also ruled over Further Austria until 1379, after that year, Further Austria was ruled by the Princely Count of Tyrol. Names in ''italics'' designate dukes who never actually ruled.
* ''[[Rudolph II of Austria|Rudolph II]]'', son of [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolph I]], duke of Austria and Styria together with his brother 1282–1283, was dispossessed by his brother, who eventually would be murdered by one of Rudolph's sons.
* [[Albert I of Austria|Albert I]] (''Albrecht I''), son of [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolph I]] and brother of the above, duke from 1282–1308; was [[Holy Roman Emperor]] from 1298–1308. See also [[#House of Habsburg|below]].
* ''[[Rudolph III of Austria|Rudolph III]]'', oldest son of [[Lenihan I]], designated duke of Austria and Styria 1298–1307
* [[Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg)|Frederick ''the Handsome'']] (''Friedrich der Schöne''), brother of Rudolph III. Duke of Austria and Styria (with his brother Leopold I) from 1308–1330; officially co-regent of emperor [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]] since 1325, but never ruled.
* [[Leopold I of Austria (Habsburg)|Leopold I]], brother of the above, duke of Austria and Styria from 1308–1326.
* [[Albert II of Austria|Albert II]] (''Albrecht II''), brother of the above, duke of Vorderösterreich from 1326–1358, duke of Austria and Styria 1330–1358, duke of Carinthia after 1335.
* [[Otto, Duke of Austria|Otto ''the Jolly'']] (''der Fröhliche''), brother of the above, duke of Austria and Styria 1330–1339 (together with his brother), duke of Carinthia after 1335.
* [[Rudolph IV of Austria|Rudolph IV ''the Founder'']] (''der Stifter''), oldest son of Albert II. Duke of Austria and Styria 1358–1365, Duke of [[Tyrol]] after 1363.
After the death of Rudolph IV, his brothers [[Albert III of Austria|Albert III]] and [[Leopold III of Austria (Habsburg)|Leopold III]] ruled the Habsburg possessions together from 1365 until 1379, when they split the territories in the [[Treaty of Neuberg]], Albert keeping the [[Duchy of Austria]] and Leopold ruling over [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]], [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]], [[Carniola]], the [[Windish March]], [[Tyrol]], and [[Further Austria]].
===[[Albertine line]]: Dukes of Austria===
* [[Albert III of Austria|Albert III]] (''Albrecht III''), duke of Austria until 1395, from 1386 (after the death of Leopold) until 1395 also ruled over the latter's possessions.
* [[Albert IV of Austria|Albert IV]] (''Albrecht IV''), duke of Austria 1395–1404, in conflict with Leopold IV.
* [[Albert V of Austria|Albert V]] (''Albrecht V''), duke of Austria 1404–1439, [[Holy Roman Emperor]] from 1438–1439 as [[Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert II]]. See also [[#House of Habsburg|below]].
* [[Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary|Ladislaus Posthumus]], son of the above, duke of Austria 1440–1457.
===[[Leopoldine line]]: Dukes of Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol===
* [[Leopold III of Austria (Habsburg)|Leopold III]], duke of Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol, and Further Austria until 1386, when he was killed in the [[Battle of Sempach]].
* [[William of Austria|William]] (''Wilhelm''), son of the above, 1386–1406 duke in [[Inner Austria]] (Carinthia, Styria)
* [[Leopold IV of Austria (Habsburg)|Leopold IV]], son of Leopold III, 1391 regent of Further Austria, 1395–1402 duke of Tyrol, after 1404 also duke of Austria, 1406–1411 duke of Inner Austria
*[[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover]], [[duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] {1629-1629} father of King [[George I of Great Britain]]; George I of Great Britain was the ancestor of the [[House of Windsor]]; [[Christian VII of Denmark]] King of Denmark and Norway, and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein ; and [[Wilhelm II]] of the [[House of Hohenzollern]]. Ernest Augustus sister was the great-grandmother of [[Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp]] ancestor of the [[House of Romanov]] Czar [[Nicholas II]] whose wife was a descendant of King George I of Great Britain.
====Leopoldine-Inner Austrian sub-line====
:* [[Ernest of Austria (Habsburg)|Ernest ''the Iron'']] (''der Eiserne''), 1406–1424 duke of [[Inner Austria]], until 1411 together and competing with his brother Leopold IV.
:* [[Frederick V of Austria|Frederick V]] (''Friedrich''), son of Ernst, became [[Holy Roman Emperor|emperor]] [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]] in 1440. He was duke of Inner Austria from 1424 on. Guardian of [[Sigismund of Austria|Sigismund]] 1439–1446 and of [[Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary|Ladislaus Posthumus]] 1440–1452. See also [[#House of Habsburg|below]].
:* [[Albert VI of Austria|Albert VI]] (''Albrecht VI''), brother of the above, 1446–1463 regent of Further Austria, duke of Austria 1458–1463
:* ''Ernestine line'' of [[Rulers of Saxony|Saxon prince]]s, ancestor of [[George I of Great Britain]]-descended from sister of [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]]
====Leopoldine-Tyrol sub-line====
:* [[Frederick IV of Austria|Frederick IV]] (''Friedrich''), brother of Ernst, 1402–1439 duke of Tyrol and Further Austria
:* [[Sigismund of Austria|Sigismund]], also spelled ''Siegmund'' or ''Sigmund'', 1439–1446 under the tutelage of the Frederick V above, then duke of Tyrol, and after the death of Albrecht VI in 1463 also duke of Further Austria.
===Reuniting of Habsburg possessions ===
Sigismund had no children and adopted [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], son of duke Frederick V (emperor Frederick III). Under Maximilian, the possessions of the Habsburgs would be united again under one ruler, after he had re-conquered the [[Duchy of Austria]] after the death of [[Matthias Corvinus]], who resided in [[Vienna]] and styled himself duke of Austria from 1485–1490.
====German Kings and Holy Roman Emperors previous to the reunion of the Habsburg possessions====
*[[Rudolph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolph I]], emperor 1273–1291 (never crowned)
*[[Albert I, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert I]], emperor 1298–1308 (never crowned)
*[[Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert II]], emperor 1438–1439 (never crowned)-ancestor of Empress [[Catherine II of Russia]] great-great-great-grandmother of [[Nicholas II]] of Russia {see above Leopoldine Line}
*[[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]], emperor 1440–1493
==== Kings of Hungary previous to the reunion of the Habsburg possessions====
* [[Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert]], king of Hungary 1437–1439
* [[Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary|Ladislaus V Posthumus]], king of Hungary 1444–1457
== Main Line: Holy Roman Emperors, Archdukes of Austria ==
*[[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], emperor 1508–1519
*[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], emperor 1519–1556
=== [[Habsburg Spain|Spanish Habsburgs]]: Kings of Spain, Kings of Portugal (1580–1640) ===
''See also: [[Portuguese House of Habsburg]]''
*[[Philip I of Castile]], second son of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], founded the Spanish Habsburgs in 1496 by marrying [[Joanna of Castile|Joanna the Mad]], daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. Philip died in 1506, leaving the thrones of Castile and Aragon to be inherited and united into the nation of Spain by his son:
*[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles I]] 1516–1556, ''aka Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor; converdivided the House into Austrian and Spanish lines''
*[[Philip II of Spain]] 1556–1598, also [[Philip II of Spain|Philip I]] of Portugal 1580–1598 and Philip I of England and his wife [[Mary I of England]] 1554–1558
*[[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]], also [[Philip III of Spain|Philip II]] of Portugal 1598–1621
*[[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]] 1621–1665, also [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip III]] of Portugal 1621–1640
*[[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]] 1665–1700
The [[War of the Spanish Succession]] took place after the extinction of the Spanish Habsburg line, to determine the inheritance of Charles II.
=== Austrian Habsburgs: Holy Roman Emperors, Archdukes of Austria ===
*[[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]], emperor 1556–1564 ([[Imperial Crypt#The Founders.27 Family|→Family Tree]])
*[[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]], emperor 1564–1576
*[[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]], emperor 1576–1612
*[[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]], emperor 1612–1619
*[[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]], emperor 1619–1637
*[[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]], emperor 1637–1657 ([[Imperial Crypt#Emperor Ferdinand III.27s Family|→Family Tree]])
*[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], emperor 1658–1705
*[[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Josef I]], emperor 1705–1711
*[[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]], emperor 1711–1740
[[Maria Theresa of Austria]], Habsburg heiress and wife of emperor [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I Stephen]], reigned as Archduchess of Austria and Queen of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Bohemia]] 1740–1780.
=== House of Habsburg-Lorraine, main line: Holy Roman Emperors, Archdukes of Austria ===
*[[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I Stephen]], emperor 1745–1765 (→[[Imperial Crypt#Emperor Ferdinand III.27s Family|Family Tree]])
*[[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]], emperor 1765–1790
*[[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]], emperor 1790–1792 (→[[Imperial Crypt#Empress Maria Theresia.27s Family|Family Tree]])
*[[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]], emperor 1792–1806 (→[[Imperial Crypt#Emperor Leopold II.27s Family|Family Tree]])
Queen [[Maria Christina of Austria]] of Spain, great-granddaughter of [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor]] above. Wife of [[Alfonso XII]] of Spain and mother of [[Alfonso XIII]] of the [[House of Bourbon]]. Alfonso XIII's wife [[Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg]] was descended from King [[George I of Great Britain]] from the Habsburg Leopold Line {above}.
The House of Habsburg-Lorraine retained Austria and attached possessions after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire; see below.
A son of Leopold II was [[Archduke Rainer of Austria]] whose wife was from the [[House of Savoy]]; a daughter [[Maria Adelaide of Austria|Adelaide, Queen of Sardina]] was the wife of King [[Victor Emmanuel II]] of [[Piedmont]], [[Savoy]], and [[Sardinia]] and [[King of Italy]]. Their Children married into the Royal Houses of [[Bonaparte]]; [[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] {Braganza {Portugal}; [[House of Savoy]] {Spain}; and the Dukedoms of [[Montferrat]] and [[Chablis]].
==== House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Grand dukes of Tuscany ====
*[[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis Stephen]] 1737-1765 ''(later Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor)''
Francis Stephen assigned the grand duchy of Tuscany to his second son Peter Leopold, who in turn assigned it to his second son upon his accession as Holy Roman Emperor. Tuscany remained the domain of this cadet branch of the family until [[Italian unification]].
*[[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Peter Leopold]] 1765-1790 ''(later Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor)''
*[[Ferdinand III of Tuscany|Ferdinand III]] 1790-1800, 1814-1824 (→[[Imperial Crypt#Tuscan Line|Family Tree]])
*[[Leopold II of Tuscany|Leopold II]] 1824-1849, 1849-1859
*[[Ferdinand IV of Tuscany|Ferdinand IV]] 1859-1860
==== House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Tuscany line, post monarchy ====
* [[Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Ferdinand IV]] 1860-1908<!---heads of this line after Ferdinand IV may have used the title of grand duke, which Sigismund currently does--->
* [[Archduke Josef Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany|Archduke Joseph Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany]] 1908-1942
* [[Archduke Peter Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany]] 1942-1948
* [[Archduke Gottfried, Prince of Tuscany]] 1948-1984
* [[Archduke Leopold Franz, Prince of Tuscany]] 1948-1993
* [[Archduke Sigismund, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] 1993-Present
see [[Line of succession to the Tuscan Throne]]
==== House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Dukes of Modena ====
The duchy of [[Modena]] was assigned to a minor branch of the family by the [[Congress of Vienna]]. It was lost to [[Italian unification]].
*[[Francis IV of Modena|Francis IV]] 1814-1831, 1831-1846 (→[[Imperial Crypt#Empress Maria Theresia.27s Family|Family Tree]])
*[[Francis V, Duke of Modena|Francis V]] 1846-1848, 1849-1859
==== House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Modena line, post monarchy ====
* [[Francis V, Duke of Modena|Francis V]] (1859-1875)
* [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria-Este]] (1875-1914)
* [[Karl I of Austria|Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este]] (1914-1917)
* [[Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este]] (1917-1996)
* [[Prince Lorenz, Archduke of Austria-Este|Lorenz, Archduke of Austria-Este]] (1996-Present)
==== House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Empress consort of France====
* Marie Louise of Austria 1810-1814
====House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Duchess of Parma ====
The duchy of Parma was likewise assigned to a Habsburg, but did not stay in the House long before succumbing to [[Italian unification]]. It was granted to the second wife of [[Napoleon I of France]], Maria Luisa Duchess of Parma, a daughter of the [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor]], who was the mother of [[Napoleon II of France]]. Napoleon had divorced his wife Rose de Tascher de la Pagerie (better known to history as [[Josephine de Beauharnais]]) in her favour.
*[[Marie Louise of Austria|Maria Luisa]] 1814-1847 (→[[Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57|Family Tree]])
==== House of Habsburg-Lorraine: Emperor of Mexico ====
Maximilian, an adventurous younger son, was invited as part of [[Napoleon III]]'s manipulations to take the throne of Mexico, becoming Emperor [[Maximilian I of Mexico]]. The conservative Mexicans, as well as the clergy, supported this [[Second Mexican Empire]]. His consort, [[Charlotte of Belgium|Empress Carlota of Mexico]], born a Belgian princess of the [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|House of Saxe-Coburg Gotha]], encouraged her husband's acceptance of the Mexican crown and accompanied him to [[Mexico]]. The adventure did not end well. Maximilian was shot in "Cerro de las Campanas" in 1867 by the republican forces of [[Benito Juarez]].
*[[Maximilian of Mexico|Maximilian I]] 1864-1867) (→[[Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57|Family Tree]])
=== House of Habsburg-Lorraine, main line: Emperors of Austria ===
*[[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]], Emperor of Austria 1804–1835: formerly ''Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor'' (→[[Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57|Family Tree]])
*[[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand I]], Emperor of Austria 1835–1848
*[[Francis Joseph of Austria|Francis Joseph]], Emperor of Austria 1848–1916.
*[[Charles I of Austria|Charles I]], Emperor of Austria 1916–1918. He died in exile in 1922. His wife was of the [[Bourbon-Parma|House of Bourbon-Parma]].
===House of Habsburg-Lorraine, main line: Heads of the House of Habsburg (post-monarchy)===
Charles I was expelled from his domains after World War I and the empire was abolished.
*[[Karl of Austria|Charles I]] (1918-1922) (→[[Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57|Family Tree]])
*[[Otto von Habsburg]] (1912-present)
*[[Zita of Bourbon-Parma]], guardian, (1922-1930)
*[[Karl Habsburg-Lothringen]], successor in due course to Otto
see [[Line of succession to the Austria-Hungary Throne]]
===Burials===
See [[Imperial Crypt]] in [[Vienna]].
== Habsburgs as Kings of Hungary ==
The kingship of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] remained in the Habsburg family for centuries; but as the kingship was not strictly inherited (Hungary was an elective monarchy till 1687) and was sometimes used as a training ground for young Habsburgs, the dates of rule do not always match those of the primary Habsburg possessions. Therefore, the kings of Hungary are listed separately.
===Albertine line: Kings of Hungary===
* [[Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert]], king of Hungary 1437–1439
* [[Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary|Ladislaus V Posthumus]], King of Hungary 1444–1457
===Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Hungary===
* [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]], king of Hungary 1526–1564
* [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], king of Hungary 1563–1576
* [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf I]], king of Hungary 1572–1608
* [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias II]], king of Hungary 1608–1619
* [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]], king of Hungary 1618–1637
* [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]], king of Hungary 1625–1657
* [[Ferdinand IV of Germany|Ferdinand IV]], king of Hungary 1647–1654
* [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], king of Hungary 1655–1705
* [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]], king of Hungary 1687–1711
* [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles III]], king of Hungary 1711–1740
===House of Habsburg-Lorraine, main line: Kings of Hungary===
* [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]], queen of Hungary 1741–1780
* [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]], king of Hungary 1780–1790
* [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]], king of Hungary 1790–1792
* [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis]], king of Hungary 1792–1835
* [[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand V]], king of Hungary 1835–1848
* [[Francis Joseph of Austria|Francis Joseph I]], king of Hungary 1867–1916
* [[Karl of Austria|Charles IV]], king of Hungary 1916–1918
== Habsburgs as Kings of Bohemia ==
The kingship of [[Bohemia]] was from 1306 a position elected by its nobles. As a result, it was not an automatically inherited position. Until rule of the Ferdinand I Habsburgs didn't gain hereditary accession to the throne and were shifted by other dynasties. Hence, the kings of Bohemia and their ruling dates are listed separately.
===Main line: Kings of Bohemia===
* [[Rudolph I of Bohemia|Rudolph I]], king of Bohemia 1306-1307
===Albertine line: Kings of Bohemia===
* [[Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor|Albert]], king of Bohemia 1437–1439
* [[Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary|Ladislaus Posthumus]], king of Bohemia 1453–1457
===Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Bohemia===
* [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]], king of Bohemia 1526–1564
* [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], king of Bohemia 1563–1576
* [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolph II]], king of Bohemia 1572–1611
* [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]], king of Bohemia 1611–1618
* [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]], king of Bohemia 1621–1637
* [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]], king of Bohemia 1625–1657
* [[Ferdinand IV of Germany|Ferdinand IV]], king of Bohemia 1647–1654
* [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], king of Bohemia 1655–1705
* [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]], king of Bohemia 1687–1711
* [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles II]], king of Bohemia 1711–1740
===House of Habsburg-Lorraine, main line: Kings of Bohemia===
From the accession of Maria Theresa, the kingship of Bohemia became united with the Austrian possessions.
* [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]], queen of Bohemia 1743–1780
* [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]], king of Bohemia 1780–1790
* [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]], king of Bohemia 1790–1792
* [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis]], king of Bohemia 1792–1835
* [[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand V]], king of Bohemia 1835–1848
* [[Francis Joseph of Austria|Francis Joseph I]], king of Bohemia 1848–1916
* [[Karl of Austria|Charles III]], king of Bohemia 1916–1918
== Habsburgs as Queens Consort of France ==
From the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, the greatest non-Habsburg power in Europe was usually [[France]]. As a result, in usually futile attempts to either unite Europe under the Habsburg family or to prevent French enmity, Habsburg daughters were wed to successive kings of France.
===Pre-division Habsburgs===
*[[Eleanor of Habsburg]], Infanta of Spain (1498-1558), wife of King [[Francis I of France]].
===Austrian Habsburgs===
*[[Elisabeth of Austria (1554-1592)]], wife of King [[Charles IX of France]]
===Spanish Habsburgs===
*[[Anne of Austria]], infanta of Spain, (1601–1666), wife of King [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]]
*[[Maria Theresa of Spain]] (1638–1683), wife of King [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]]
===Habsburg-Lorraine===
*[[Marie Antoinette]] (1755–1793), wife of King [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]]
*[[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Marie Louise]] (1791 -1847), second wife of Emperor [[Napoleon I]].
== Habsburgs as Queens Consort of Portugal ==
Due to its proximaty (geographic, strategic and religious) the Habsburgs always consolidated their aliances with the portuguese Royal House of Aviz, which gave them this Kingdom in 1580. When the Braganzas expelled the Spanish Habsburgs (1640), new alliances were set-up, this time with the Austrian Habsburgs.
===Pre-division Habsburgs===
*[[Eleanor of Habsburg]], Infanta of Spain (1498-1558), third wife of King [[Manuel I of Portugal]]. When she became a widow, she remaried, this time with king [[Francis I of France]].
*[[Catherine of Habsburg %281507-1578%29|Catherine of Habsburg]], Infanta of Spain (1507-1578), wife of King [[John III of Portugal]]
===Austrian Habsburgs===
*[[Mary Anne of Austria|Marie Anne]], Archduchess of Austria (1683–1754), wife of King [[John V of Portugal]]
===Habsburg-Lorraine===
*[[Maria_Leopoldina%2C_Archduchess_of_Austria|Marie Leopoldina]], Archduchess of Austria (1797-1826), first wife of [[Pedro I of Brazil|Peter I]], Emperor of Brazil, also known as Peter IV, King of Portugal. Marie Leopoldina was Marie Louise younger sister.
==See also==
*[[Kings of Germany family tree]]. The Habsburgs were the 8th dynasty to rule Germany and were related by marriage to all the others.
* [[List of rulers of Austria]]
* [[Habsburg Monarchy]]
* [[Austrian Empire]]
* [[Austria-Hungary]]
* [[Habsburg Spain]]
* [[Thirty Years' War]]
* [[Ottoman-Habsburg wars]]
* [[Habsburg Family Tree]]
* [[Dukes of Lorraine family tree]]
* [[Prognathism|Mandibular prognathism]] ("Habsburg lip")
* [[A.E.I.O.U.]]
* [[Mayerling Incident]]
==Further reading==
*Brewer-Ward, Daniel A. ''The House of Habsburg: A Genealogy of the Descendants of Empress Maria Theresia''. Clearfield, 1996.
*Evans, Robert J. W. ''The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550-1700: An Interpretation''. Clarendon Press, 1979.
*McGuigan, Dorothy Gies. ''The Habsburgs''. Doubleday, 1966.
*Wandruszka, Adam. ''The House of Habsburg: Six Hundred Years of a European Dynasty''. Doubleday, 1964 (Greenwood Press, 1975).
*Crankshaw, Edward. ''The Fall of the House of Habsburg''. Sphere Books Limited, London, 1970. (first published by Longmans in 1963)
* Palmer Alan. "Napoleón and Marie Louise" Ariel Mexico 2003
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://otto.twschwarzer.de/ "Erzherzog Dr. Otto von Habsburg" (Autorisierte Ehrenseite) in German]
* [http://www.antiquesatoz.com/habsburg/ Habsburg Biographies]
* [http://www.surnameweb.org/registry/h/a/b/habsburg.shtml Habsburg Resource Centre on SurnameWeb]
* http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/Rulers/hapsburg3.html
* [http://www.chh.de.free.fr/archiv/Sonstiges/habsburg.php Genealogical tree of the house of Habsburg (up until Maria Theresia)]
* [http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html An Online Gotha - House of Habsburg-Lothringen (Maria Theresia's decendants}]
*[http://www.literature.at/elib/www/wiki/index.php/The_Hapsburg_Monarchy_%28Henry_Wickham_Steed%29 ''The Hapsburg Monarchy'' (Wickham Steed, 1913)]) eLibrary Austria Project full text (ebook)
*[http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg1.html Genealogy of the Habsburgs from Genealogy.eu]
* [http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html An Online Gotha - House of Habsburg-Lothringen]
{{start}}
{{s-royalhouse|House of Habsburg||12th century}}
{{s-bef|rows=1|before=[[Přemyslid dynasty]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Duchy of Austria]]|years=1282–1453}}
{{s-non|reason=Duchy Elevated <br /><small>''Became Archduchy'''''</small>}}
|-
{{s-new|rows=1|before=Union of Austria and Hungary}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Archduchy of Austria]]|years=1453–1780}}
{{s-non|rows=3|reason=House of Habsburg-Lorraine <br /><small>''Extinction of direct male line'''''</small>}}
|-
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[House of Jagiellon]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary]]|years=1526–1780}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Bohemia]]|years=1526–1780}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[House of Aviz]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Portugal]]|years=1580–1640}}
{{s-aft|after=[[House of Braganza]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[House of Trastámara]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Spain]]|years=1504–1700}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[House of Bourbon]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[House of Valois]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] and the [[Netherlands|Burgundian Netherlands]]|years=1477–1700}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[House of Bourbon]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] and the [[Netherlands|Burgundian Netherlands]]|years=1713–1780}}
{{s-aft|after=House of Habsburg Lorraine}}
|-
{{s-royalhouse|House of Habsburg-Lorraine|[[House of Lorraine]]}}
{{s-bef|rows=4|before=House of Habsburg}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Archduchy of Austria]]|years=1780–1804}}
{{s-non|reason=Archduchy Elevated<br /><small>''Became Empire'''''</small>}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of [[Kingdom of Bohemia]]|years=1780–1918}}
{{s-non|reason=Monarchy Abolished}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] and the [[Netherlands|Burgundian Netherlands]]|years=1780–1795}}
{{s-non|reason=Duchy Abolished}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]|years=1780–1849}}
{{s-non|reason=Kingdom incorporated into [[Empire of Austria]]}}
|-
{{s-non|reason=Kingdom given autonomy as part of [[Ausgleich]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]|years=1867–1918}}
{{s-non|rows=2|reason=Monarchy Abolished}}
|-
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Empire of Austria]]|years=1804–1918}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[House of Bonaparte]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia]]|years=1815–1866}}
{{s-non|reason=Kingdom Abolished <br /><small>''[[Italian Unification|Italy united]] under the [[House of Savoy]]'''''</small>}}
|-
{{s-new}}<br /><small>'''''Last held by [[House of Iturbide]]'''''</small>
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Second Mexican Empire|Empire of Mexico]]|years=1864–1867}}
{{s-non|reason=Empire Abolished}}
{{end}}
<br>
<br>
{{Royal houses of Europe}}
{{1632 person referenced}}
{{Link FA|it}}
[[Category:House of Habsburg| ]]
[[Category:Royal families of the Americas|Habsburg]]
[[als:Habsburger]]
[[ar:هابسبورغ]]
[[be-x-old:Габзбургі]]
[[bs:Dinastija Habsburg]]
[[br:Habsbourged]]
[[bg:Хабсбурги]]
[[ca:Dinastia dels Habsburg]]
[[cs:Habsburkové]]
[[da:Habsburg]]
[[de:Habsburg]]
[[et:Habsburgid]]
[[el:Αψβούργοι]]
[[es:Casa de Habsburgo]]
[[eo:Habsburgoj]]
[[eu:Habsburgo]]
[[fr:Habsbourg]]
[[gl:Habsburgo]]
[[zh-classical:哈布斯堡氏]]
[[ko:합스부르크 왕가]]
[[hr:Habsburg]]
[[id:Habsburg]]
[[it:Casa d'Asburgo]]
[[he:בית הבסבורג]]
[[sw:Habsburg]]
[[la:Domus Habsburgensis]]
[[lv:Habsburgi]]
[[lb:Habsburg]]
[[lt:Habsburgų dinastija]]
[[hu:Habsburg-család]]
[[nl:Habsburg]]
[[ja:ハプスブルク家]]
[[no:Huset Habsburg]]
[[nn:Habsburg]]
[[pl:Habsburgowie]]
[[pt:Casa de Habsburgo]]
[[ro:Habsburg]]
[[ru:Габсбурги]]
[[simple:Habsburg]]
[[sk:Habsburgovci]]
[[sl:Habsburžani]]
[[sr:Хабзбуршка династија]]
[[fi:Habsburg-suku]]
[[sv:Habsburg]]
[[th:ราชวงศ์ฮับส์บูร์ก]]
[[vi:Habsburg]]
[[tr:Habsburg Hanedanı]]
[[uk:Габсбурґи]]
[[zh:哈布斯堡王朝]]