Howard Hawks 13219 224673349 2008-07-09T22:25:40Z Muro Bot 5849026 robot Adding: [[eu:Howard Hawks]] {{Copyedit|date=May 2007}} {{Infobox Actor | name = Howard Hawks | birthdate = {{birth date|1896|5|30|mf=y}} | image =HowardHawks.jpg | imagesize =160px | location = [[Goshen, Indiana]] | deathdate = {{death date and age|1977|12|26|1896|5|30}} | deathplace = [[Palm Springs, California]] | birthname = Howard Winchester Hawks | yearsactive = 1923 - 1977 | academyawards = '''[[Academy Honorary Award]]'''<br>1975 Lifetime Achievement | spouse = Athole Shearer (1928-1940)<br>Nancy Gross (1941-1949)<br>[[Dee Hartford]] (1953-1959) }} '''Howard Winchester Hawks''' ([[May 30]], [[1896]] &ndash; [[December 26]], [[1977]]) was an American [[film director]], [[Film producer|producer]] and [[writer]] of the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|classic Hollywood era]]. He died in [[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]], [[California]], after a fall. ==Biography== Born in [[Goshen, Indiana|Goshen]], [[Indiana]], Hawks was the first-born child of Frank W. Hawks and the former Helen Howard. After the birth of his brother, Kenneth Neil Hawks, on August 12, 1899, the family moved to [[Neenah, Wisconsin]]. Shortly after they moved again, to Southern California. Hawks attended high school in Glendora, and then moved to New Hampshire to attend [[Phillips Exeter Academy]] from 1912-1914. After graduation, Hawks moved on to [[Cornell University]] in [[Ithaca, New York]], where he majored in mechanical engineering. During the summers of 1916 and 1917, Hawks worked on some early movies, interning for the Famous Players-Lasky Studio. After graduation he joined the [[United States Army Air Service]] during [[World War I]]. After the war, he worked at a number of jobs: race-car driver, aviator, designer in an aircraft factory. By 1924 he had moved back to Hollywood and joined the movie industry. He chummed with barn stormers and pioneer aviators at Rogers Airport in Los Angeles, getting to know men like [[Moye Stephens]]. Hawks wrote his first screenplay, ''Tiger Love'', in 1924 and he directed his first film, ''The Road to Glory'', in 1925. Hawks reworked the scripts of most of the films he directed but without taking official credit for his writing. Howard Hawks directed a total of eight silent films, including ''Fazil'' in 1928. He made the transition to sound without difficulty. His films include ''[[Scarface (1932 film)|Scarface]]'' (1932), rated "culturally significant" by the United States [[Library of Congress]],{{Fact|date=June 2008}} ''[[Bringing up Baby]]'' (1938), listed number ninety-seven on American Film Institute's [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies]],{{Fact|date=June 2008}} ''[[His Girl Friday]]'' (1940), and listed #19 on American Film Institute's [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs]]. His film, ''[[Sergeant York]]'' (1941), starring [[Gary Cooper]], was the highest-grossing film of its year and won two [[Academy Awards]] ([[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] and [[Academy Award for Film Editing|Best Editing]]). In 1944, Hawks filmed the first of two films starring [[Humphrey Bogart]] and [[Lauren Bacall]], ''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]]'', which was the first film pairing of couple. He followed that with 1946's ''[[The Big Sleep (1946 film)|The Big Sleep]]'', which was placed on the [[Library of Congress]] U.S. [[National Film Registry]]. In 1948, he filmed ''[[Red River (film)|Red River]]'', with [[John Wayne]] and [[Montgomery Clift]], rated "culturally significant" by the United States Library of Congress. In 1953, he filmed ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (film)|Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'', featuring [[Marilyn Monroe]] singing "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend." 1959's ''[[Rio Bravo (movie)|Rio Bravo]]'', starring John Wayne, [[Dean Martin]] and [[Walter Brennan]], was remade twice by Hawks - in 1967 (''[[El Dorado (film)|El Dorado]]'') and again in 1970 (''[[Rio Lobo]]''). Both starred John Wayne. Hawks was versatile as a director, filming comedies, dramas, gangster films, science fiction, film noir, and Westerns. Hawks' own functional definition of what constitutes a "good movie" is revealing of his no-nonsense style: "Three great scenes, no bad ones."{{Fact|date=May 2007}} While Hawks was not politically [[feminist]] or sympathetic to their goals, he popularized the [[Hawksian woman]] [[archetype]], which could be considered a [[prototype]] of the modern [[Post-feminism|post-feminist]] movement.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} At the same time, Hawks was known to make anti-semitic comments, including in front of Jewish actress Lauren Bacall, who kept her Jewish identity a secret from Hawks and who did not call him on his hateful comments, both of which she has said she regrets now.<ref>[http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=w050725&s=siegel072705]</ref>{{Dead link|date=June 2008}} Critic [[Leonard Maltin]] labeled Hawks "the greatest American director who is not a household name," noting that, while his work may not be as well known as [[John Ford|Ford]], [[Orson Welles|Welles]], or [[Alfred Hitchcock|Hitchcock]], he is no less a talented filmmaker.{{Fact|date=May 2007}} Hawks defined a good director as "someone who doesn't annoy you".{{Fact|date=May 2007}} His directorial style and the use of natural, conversational dialogue in his films were cited a major influence on many noted filmmakers, including [[Robert Altman]], [[John Carpenter]], and [[Quentin Tarantino]]. He was nominated for [[Academy Award for Directing|Best Director]] in 1942 for ''Sergeant York'', but he received his only Oscar in 1975 as an [[Academy Honorary Award|Honorary Award]] from the Academy. For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Howard Hawks has a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1708 Vine Street. Hawks was married three times, to [[Athole Shearer]] (a sister of movie actress [[Norma Shearer]]), [[Nancy Gross]] (later and better known as [[Slim Keith]], she was the mother of his daughter, [[Kitty Hawks]], a noted interior designer), and [[Dee Hartford]] (an actress whose real name was Donna Higgins). His brothers were director/writer Kenneth Neil Hawks and film producer William Bettingger Hawks. ==Filmography (director)== {{div col|cols=2}} *''[[The Road to Glory]]'' ([[1926 in film|1926]]) *''[[Fig Leaves]]'' (1926) *''[[The Cradle Snatchers]]'' ([[1927 in film|1927]]) *''[[Paid to Love]]'' (1927) *''[[A Girl in Every Port (1928 film)|A Girl in Every Port]]'' ([[1928 in film|1928]]) *''[[Fazil (1928 film)|Fazil]]'' (1928) *''[[The Air Circus]]'' (1928) *''[[Trent's Last Case]]'' ([[1929 in film|1929]]) *''[[The Dawn Patrol (1930 film)|The Dawn Patrol]]'' ([[1930 in film|1930]]) *''[[The Criminal Code]]'' ([[1931 in film|1931]]) *''[[La Foule hurle]]'' ([[1932 in film|1932]]) *''[[Scarface (1932 film)|Scarface]]'' (1932) *''[[The Crowd Roars]]'' (1932) *''[[Tiger Shark (film)|Tiger Shark]]'' (1932) *''[[Today We Live]]'' ([[1933 in film|1933]]) *''[[The Prizefighter and the Lady]]'' (1933) (uncredited) *''[[Viva Villa!]]'' ([[1934 in film|1934]]) (uncredited) *''[[Twentieth Century (movie)|Twentieth Century]]'' (1934) *''[[Barbary Coast (film)|Barbary Coast]]'' ([[1935 in film|1935]]) *''[[Ceiling Zero]]'' ([[1936 in film|1936]]) *''[[Sutter's Gold]]'' (1936) (uncredited) *''[[The Road to Glory]]'' (1936) *''[[Come and Get It (film)|Come and Get It]]'' (1936) *''[[Bringing up Baby]]'' ([[1938 in film|1938]]) *''[[Only Angels Have Wings]]'' ([[1939 in film|1939]]) *''[[His Girl Friday]]'' ([[1940 in film|1940]]) *''[[Sergeant York]]'' ([[1941 in film|1941]]) (his only Oscar nomination) *''[[Ball of Fire]]'' (1941) *''[[Air Force (film)|Air Force]]'' ([[1943 in film|1943]]) *''[[The Outlaw]]'' (1943) (uncredited) *''[[To Have and Have Not (film)|To Have and Have Not]]'' ([[1944 in film|1944]]) *''[[The Big Sleep (1946 film)|The Big Sleep]]'' ([[1946 in film|1946]]) *''[[Red River (film)|Red River]]'' ([[1948 in film|1948]]) *''[[A Song Is Born]]'' (1948) *''[[I Was a Male War Bride]]'' ([[1949 in film|1949]]) *''[[The Thing from Another World]]'' ([[1951 in film|1951]]) (uncredited) *''[[The Big Sky (film)|The Big Sky]]'' ([[1952 in film|1952]]) *''[[Monkey Business (1952)|Monkey Business]]'' (1952) *''[[O. Henry's Full House]]'' (segment "The Ransom of Red Chief") (1952) *''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (film)|Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' ([[1953 in film|1953]]) *''[[Land of the Pharaohs]]'' ([[1955 in film|1955]]) *''[[Rio Bravo (movie)|Rio Bravo]]'' ([[1959 in film|1959]]) *''[[Hatari!]]'' ([[1962 in film|1962]]) *''[[Man's Favorite Sport?]]'' ([[1964 in film|1964]]) *''[[Red Line 7000]]'' ([[1965 in film|1965]]) *''[[El Dorado (film)|El Dorado]]'' ([[1967 in film|1967]]) *''[[Rio Lobo]]'' ([[1970 in film|1970]]) {{div col end}} ==See also== * [[List of film collaborations]] * [[List of Cornell University people]] == Further reading == * ''Hawks: The Grey Fox of Hollywood'', [[Todd MacCarthy]] (Grove Press, 1997) * ''Howard Hawks: American Artist'', [[Jim Hillier]], [[Peter Wollen]] (British Film Institute, 1997) * ''Hawks on Hawks'', [[Joseph McBride]] (University of California Press, 1982) * ''Focus on Howard Hawks'', Joseph McBride (ed), Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1972 * ''Howard Hawks'', Robin Wood, Secker & Warburg, 1968 * ''Howard Hawks'', Robin Wood, [[British Film Institute]], 1981, revised with addition of chapter "Retrospect". * ''Howard Hawks, A Jungian Study'', Clark Branson, Garland-Clarke Editions, 1987 * ''Red River'', Suzanne Liandrat-Guigues, bfi Publishing, 2000 * ''Rio Bravo'', Robin Wood, bfi Publishing, 2003 * ''Howard Hawks'' (New Edition), Robin Wood, (Wayne State University Press, 2006) ==External links== *{{imdb name|id=0001328|name=Howard Hawks}} *[http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/hawksbib.html Bibliography of books and articles about Hawks] via UC Berkeley Media Resources Center *{{tcmdb name|id=83089|name=Howard Hawks}} *[http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/directors/02/hawks.html Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database] {{Howard Hawks Films}} {{Persondata |NAME=Hawks, Howard |ALTERNATIVE NAMES= |SHORT DESCRIPTION=Film director |DATE OF BIRTH={{birth date|1896|5|30|mf=y}} |PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Goshen, Indiana]] |DATE OF DEATH={{death date|1977|12|26|mf=y}} |PLACE OF DEATH=[[Palm Springs, California]] }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hawks, Howard}} [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:Western film directors]] [[Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame]] [[Category:American Christian Scientists]] [[Category:Cornell University alumni]] [[Category:English Americans]] [[Category:People from Indiana]] [[Category:1896 births]] [[Category:1977 deaths]] [[bn:হাওয়ার্ড হক্‌স]] [[bs:Howard Hawks]] [[ca:Howard Hawks]] [[da:Howard Hawks]] [[de:Howard Hawks]] [[es:Howard Hawks]] [[eu:Howard Hawks]] [[fr:Howard Hawks]] [[hi:हावर्ड हॉक्स]] [[hr:Howard Hawks]] [[it:Howard Hawks]] [[he:הווארד הוקס]] [[nl:Howard Hawks]] [[ja:ハワード・ホークス]] [[no:Howard Hawks]] [[pl:Howard Hawks]] [[pt:Howard Hawks]] [[ru:Хоукс, Говард]] [[fi:Howard Hawks]] [[sv:Howard Hawks]] [[zh:霍華·霍克斯]]