Hoya
541250
220572126
2008-06-20T14:31:33Z
ResidueOfDesign
5557416
/* Selected species */ Plural of "fungi"
{{otheruses}}
:''"Wax Plant" redirects here. ''[[Euphorbia antisyphilitica]]'' (candelilla) is also sometimes called thus.''
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Hoya''
| image = Hoyabella_092005.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Hoya bella''
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Gentianales]]
| familia = [[Apocynaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Asclepiadoideae]]
| genus = '''''Hoya'''''
| genus_authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist)|R.Br.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
See text.
| synonyms =
''Madangia''<!-- former monotypic genus? If so, redirect should go to species article when it exists , not to Hoya --><br/>
''Micholitzia''<!-- former monotypic genus? If so, redirect should go to species article when it exists , not to Hoya -->
}}
'''''Hoya''''' is a [[genus]] of 200-300 species of [[tropical]] climbing plants in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Apocynaceae]] (Dogbane), native to southern [[Asia]] ([[India]] east to southern [[China]] and southward), [[Australia]], and [[Polynesia]]. Common names for this genus are '''waxplant''', '''waxvine''', '''waxflower''' or simply '''hoya'''. This genus was named by botanist [[Robert Brown (botanist)|Robert Brown]], in honour of his friend, botanist [[Thomas Hoy]].
==Summary==
Hoyas are [[evergreen]] climbing [[vine]]s or [[shrub]]s growing to 1-10 m (or more with suitable support in trees). They have simple opposite [[leaf|leaves]] 5-30 cm long that are typically succulent, and in many species are flecked with irregular small silvery spots.
The [[flower]]s appear in [[axillary]] [[Inflorescence|umbellate]] clusters at the apex of 2-3 cm [[peduncle (botany)|peduncles]], with repeated clusters of flowers developing sequentially on each peduncle. The flowering peduncles get 2-3 mm longer with each flowering, and can eventually reach 7 cm or more long; the base of the peduncle is smooth, with growth subsequent to the first flowering of the peduncle is rough with numerous tiny [[bract]]s. Each flower is about 1 cm diameter, with five thick, waxy, triangular petals; colours range from white to pink or yellow. They are sweetly scented and produce abundant [[nectar]].
==Cultivation and uses==
Many species of hoya are popular [[houseplant]]s in temperate areas (especially ''[[Hoya carnosa|H. carnosa]]''), grown for their attractive foliage and strongly scented [[flower]]s. Numerous [[cultivar]]s have been selected for garden use. Hoyas grow well indoors, preferring bright but not direct sunlight, but will tolerate fairly low light levels at the expense of rapid growth and blooming. Hoyas commonly sold in nurseries as houseplants include cultivars of ''[[Hoya carnosa|H. carnosa]]'' (Krimson Queen, Hindu Rope − compacta), ''[[Hoya pubicalyx|H. pubicalyx]]'' (often mislabeled as carnosa), and ''H. kerrii''. Hoyas are easy to purchase on the internet, and are commonly sold as cuttings, either rooted or unrooted.
<br clear = all>
<gallery>
Image:Hoya carnosa0.jpg|''[[Hoya carnosa]]''<br>as a houseplant
Image:Hoya carnosa1.jpg|''[[Hoya carnosa]]''<br>Inflorescence peduncle, several years old
Image:Hoya carnosa inflorescence ies.jpg|''[[Hoya carnosa]]''<br>Inflorescence
Image:Furrystarfish ies.jpg|''[[Hoya carnosa]]''<br>Single flower
</gallery>
==Leaves==
Hoya leaves vary in size, texture, color and venation. In size, leaves range from as small as centimetre in length and from two to four millimetres in width (''Hoya engleriana'' Hosseus) to as large as 25 cm. by 25 cm. (''Hoya latifolia'' G. Don). ''Hoya coriacea'' Blume, has been reported have leaves as long as two feet in length. One of the most succulent, ''Hoya kerrii'' Craib, has valentine shaped leaves, with notches at the apexes of the leaves instead of at the bases. ''H. kerrii'' has two forms, one with glabrous leaves and one with suede textured leaves. There are hoyas with almost perfectly round leaves and others with linear leaves (''Hoya linearis'' Wall. ex. D. Don and ''Hoya teretifolia'' Griff. ex Hook. f.). One popular species, ''Hoya shepherdii'' Short ex Hook. has leaves that resemble string beans hanging in bunches from their stalks. ''Hoya linearis'' Wall. ex D. Don is covered with fine downy hair and greatly resembles masses of Spanish Moss (''[[Tillandsia useneoides]]'') hanging from trees in its native habitat. Some Hoya leaves are smooth and shiny; some are covered with hairs. Some Hoya leaves appear to be veinless while others have very conspicuous veins of a lighter or darker colour than the rest of the leaves. Some have leaves that are mottled with speckles of silvery white (''[[Hoya carnosa]]'' R. Br., ''[[Hoya pubicalyx]]''). Some hoyas have leaves that are thin and translucent (''Hoya coriacea'' Blume); some are so thick and succulent that they look more like crassulas than hoyas (''Hoya australis'' ssp. ''rupicola'', ''oramicola'' and ''saniae'' from Australia and ''Hoya pachyclada'' from Thailand).
==Flowers==
[[Image:Hoya_mindorensis.jpg|left|thumbnail|''Hoya mindorensis'', (Photo by Phillip Tan, Singapore)]]Hoya flowers are just as varied as the leaves, despite the fact that all are shaped like five pointed stars. They grow in umbels, usually with many flowers per umbel. Individual flowers range in size from as small as four to five millimetres in diameter (''Hoya bilobata'' Schltr.) to well over three inches in diameter (''Hoya imperialis'' Lindl. and ''H. macgillivrayi'' F. M. Bailey). The number of flowers per umbel varies from one (''H. pauciflora'' Wight.) to 55 or even more. ''Hoya coriacea'' Blume has been known to have as many as 70, each measuring nearly 2 centimetres in diameter. The single flowered ''Hoya pauciflora'' Wight makes up for its paucity by its flower size of nearly an inch and a half in diameter.
Hoya flowers vary in textures as well as size, some being glabrous and shiny and some being quite hairy. They also vary in color. They come in the purest white, varying shades of pink from almost white to rubber-doll or bubble-gum pink, yellowish-pink, yellow, green, purple, brownish-red and brown. There are some that are so dark that they are often referred to as black. Until recently it was thought that a true red hoya was not ever likely to appear but recent discoveries make that seem possible. One of the two clones of ''Hoya mindorensis'' Schltr., from the Philippines, which are currently in circulation, comes very close to being a true red. Blue still does not appear to be represented in the Hoya genus.
==Selected species==
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''Hoya acicularis''
*''Hoya acuminata''
*''Hoya acuta''
*''Hoya aeschynanthoides''
*''Hoya affinis''
*''Hoya africana''
*''Hoya alagensis''
*''Hoya alata''
*''Hoya alba''
*''Hoya albens''
*''Hoya albiflora''
*''Hoya aldrichii''
*''Hoya alexicaca''
*''Hoya amboinensis''
*''Hoya ambon''
*''Hoya amoena''
*''Hoya andalensis''
*''Hoya angustifolia''
*''Hoya angustisepala''
*''Hoya anulata''
*''Hoya apiculata''
*''Hoya apoda''
*''Hoya archboldiana''
*''Hoya ariadna''
*''Hoya arnottiana''
*''Hoya attenuata''
*''Hoya augustifolia''
*''[[Hoya australis]]'' - Australian Waxflower
*''Hoya australis ssp. australis''
*''Hoya australis ssp. keysii''
*''Hoya australis ssp. naumanii''
*''Hoya australis ssp. oramicola''
*''Hoya australis ssp. rupicola''
*''Hoya australis ssp. sana''
*''Hoya australis ssp. tenuipes''
*''Hoya bandensis''
*''Hoya bella'' - Beautiful Hoya
*''Hoya benguetensis''
*''Hoya betchei''
*''Hoya bhutanica''
*''Hoya bicknellii''
*''Hoya bilobata''
*''Hoya blashernazii''
*''Hoya bordenii''
*''Hoya brevialata''
*''Hoya buotii''
*''Hoya burtoniae''
*''Hoya cagayanensis''
*''Hoya callistophylla''
*''Hoya calycina''
*''Hoya calycina ssp. calycina''
*''Hoya campanulata''
*''Hoya camphorifolia''
*''Hoya cardiophylla''
*''[[Hoya carnosa]]'' - Porcelain Flower, Waxplant
*''Hoya caudata''
*''Hoya cembra''
*''Hoya chlorantha''
*''Hoya chuniana''
*''Hoya chunii''
*''Hoya ciliata'' - Black Hoya
*''[[Hoya cinnamomifolia]]''
*''Hoya citrina''
*''Hoya clandestina''
*''Hoya clemensii''
*''Hoya clemensiorum''
*''Hoya collina''
*''Hoya cominsii''
*''Hoya compacta''
*''Hoya conchoi''
*''Hoya coriacea''
*''Hoya coronaria''
*''Hoya crassicaulis''
*''Hoya crassipes''
*''[[Hoya cumingiana]]''
*''Hoya curtisii''
*''Hoya cystiantha''
*''Hoya dasyantha''
*''Hoya darwinii''
*''Hoya davidcummingii''
*''Hoya dennisii''
*''Hoya densifolia''
*''Hoya deykei''
*''Hoya dickasoniana''
*''Hoya dimorpha''
*''Hoya diptera''
*''Hoya dischorensis''
*''Hoya diversifolia''
*''Hoya dolicosparte''
*''Hoya edenii''
*''Hoya eitapensis''
*''Hoya elliptica''
*''Hoya endauensis''
*''Hoya engleriana''
|
*''Hoya erythrina''
*''Hoya erythrostemma''
*''Hoya eitapensis''
*''Hoya excavata''
*''Hoya filiformis''
*''Hoya finlaysonii''
*''Hoya flagelleta''
*''[[Hoya flavescens]]''
*''Hoya flavida''
*''Hoya fraterna''
*''[[Hoya fungi]]''
*''Hoya fusca''
*''Hoya fuscomarginata''
*''Hoya gigantangensis''
*''Hoya gigas''
*''Hoya gildingii''
*''Hoya glabra''
*''Hoya globulosa''
*''Hoya golamcoiana''
*''Hoya gonoloboides''
*''Hoya gracilis''
*''Hoya graveolens''
*''Hoya greenii''
*''Hoya grifithii''
*''Hoya guppyi''
*''Hoya halophila''
*''Hoya hasselti''
*''Hoya heuschkeliana''
*''Hoya heuschkeliana ssp. caganoae''
*''Hoya hellwigiana''
*''Hoya hypolasia''
*''Hoya imbricata'' (''Hoya pseudomaxima'')
*''Hoya imperialis'' - Honey-plant
*''Hoya imperialis ssp. rauchii''
*''Hoya inconspicua''
*''Hoya incrassata''
*''Hoya incurvula''
*''Hoya ischnopus''
*''Hoya javanica''
*''Hoya juanngoiana''
*''Hoya kanyakumariana''
*''Hoya kastbergii''
*''Hoya kenejiana''
*''Hoya kentiana''
*''Hoya kerrii'' - Valentine Hoya
*''Hoya kloppenburgii''
*''Hoya kuhlii''
*''[[Hoya lacunosa]]''
*''Hoya lacunosa ssp. lacunosa''
*''Hoya lacunosa ssp. pallidiflora''
*''Hoya lambii''
*''Hoya lamingtoniae''
*''Hoya lasiantha''
*''Hoya latifolia''
*''Hoya lauterbachii''
*''Hoya leytensis''
*''Hoya limoniaca''
*''Hoya linavergariae''
*''Hoya linearis''
*''Hoya litoralis''
*''Hoya lobbii''
*''Hoya loheri''
*''Hoya longifolia''
*''Hoya lucyae''
*''[[Hoya macgillivrayi]]''
*''Hoya macgregorii''
*''Hoya macrophylla''
*''Hoya madulidii''
*''Hoya magnifica''
*''Hoya megalaster''
*''[[Hoya meliflua]]''
*''Hoya meliflua ssp. fraterna''
*''Hoya meliflua ssp. meliflua''
*''Hoya membranifolia''
*''Hoya memoria''
*''Hoya meredithii''
*''Hoya merrillii''
*''Hoya micrantha''
*''Hoya microphylla''
*''Hoya microstemma''
*''Hoya minahassae''
*''Hoya mindorensis''
*''Hoya mindorensis ssp. superba''
*''Hoya mindorensis ssp. erythrostemma''
*''Hoya minibelle''
*''Hoya mitrata''
*''Hoya monetteae''
*''Hoya montana''
*''Hoya motoskei'' - Spotted Waxplant
*''Hoya multiflora'' - Shooting Star Hoya
*''Hoya myrmecopa''
*''Hoya naumanii''
*''Hoya nabawanensis''
*''Hoya neo-caledonica''
*''Hoya neo-ebudica''
*''Hoya nicholsoniae''
*''Hoya nummularioides''
*''Hoya nyhuusiae''
|
*''Hoya oblongata''
*''Hoya obovata''
*[[Hoya obscura]]
*''Hoya obtusifolia''
*''Hoya obtusifolioides''
*''Hoya odetteae''
*''Hoya odorata''
*''Hoya onychoides''
*''Hoya oreogena''
*''Hoya ovalifolia''
*''Hoya pachyclada''
*''Hoya padangensis''
*''Hoya palawanica''
*''Hoya pallilimba''
*''[[Hoya pandurata]]''
*''Hoya parasitica''
*''Hoya parviflora''
*''Hoya patella''
*''Hoya pauciflora''
*''Hoya paxtoni''
*''Hoya paziae''
*''Hoya pentaphlebia''
*''Hoya picta''
*''Hoya pimenteliana''
*''[[Hoya plicata]]''
*''Hoya polystachya''
*''Hoya polyneura'' - Fishtail Hoya
*''Hoya pottsii''
*''Hoya praetorii''
*''Hoya pseudo-littoralis''
*''Hoya pubera''
*''Hoya pubicalyx''
*''Hoya pulchella''
*''Hoya purpurea''
*''Hoya purpureo-fusca''
*''Hoya pusilla''
*''Hoya querinoensis''
*''Hoya ramosi''
*''Hoya retusa''
*''Hoya revoluta''
*''Hoya ridleyi''
*''Hoya rigida''
*''Hoya rotundifolia''
*''Hoya ruscifolia''
*''Hoya salweenica''
*''Hoya samoensis''
*''Hoya schneei''
*''Hoya scortechinii''
*''[[Hoya serpens]]''
*''Hoya shephardell''
*''Hoya shepherdii'' - String Bean Hoya
*''Hoya shortechinii''
*[[Hoya siamica]]
*''Hoya siariae''
*''Hoya sigillatis''
*''Hoya sipitangensis''
*''Hoya solaniflora''
*''Hoya spartioides''
*''Hoya stoneiana''
*''Hoya subcalva''
*''Hoya subglabra''
*''Hoya subquintuplinervis''
*''Hoya sussuela''
*''Hoya telosmoides''
*''Hoya teretifolia''
*''Hoya thailandica''
*''Hoya thomsonii''
*''Hoya tomataensis''
*''Hoya tsangii''
*''Hoya uncinata''
*''Hoya vaccinioides''
*''Hoya vanuatuensis''
*''Hoya verticillata''
*''Hoya viracensis''
*''Hoya vitchii''
*''Hoya vitellina''
*''Hoya vitellinoides''
*''Hoya vitiensis''
*''Hoya wallichii''
*''Hoya walliniana''
*''[[Hoya wayetii]]''
*''Hoya waymaniae''
*''Hoya weebella''
*''Hoya whistleri''
*''Hoya wibergiae''
*''Hoya wightii''
|}
==References==
*''Prodromus novae Hollandiae'', Robert Brown, 1810.
==External links==<!-- Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (2006) 722–733 -->
* http://members.tripod.com/khedlund/hoyapdl/
* http://www.swedishhoyasociety.com/eng/hoya.htm
* http://www.simones-hoyas.de
* http://www.myhoyas.com
[[Category:Apocynaceae]]
[[de:Wachsblumen]]
[[es:Hoya (botánica)]]
[[fr:Hoya (genre de plante)]]
[[hsb:Wóskowka]]
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[[lt:Vaškuolė]]
[[pl:Hoja]]
[[ru:Хойя (растение)]]
[[sr:Hoya]]
[[sv:Porslinsblommesläktet]]