Hugh of Saint Victor
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[[Image:Hugostv.jpg|thumb|Hugh of St Victor]]
'''Hugh of Saint Victor''' ([[1096]] – [[February 11]], [[1141]]), French philosopher and theologian, was probably born at [[Hartingam]], in [[Saxony]].
After spending some time in a house of [[canons regular]] at [[Hamersleben]] in Saxony, where he completed his studies, he removed to the [[Abbey of Saint Victor, Marseille|Abbey of St Victor at Marseille]], and thence to the [[Abbey of Saint Victor, Paris|Abbey of St Victor in Paris]]. Of this last house he rose to be canon, in [[1125]], scholasticus, and perhaps even prior, and it was there that he died.
His eloquence and his writings earned him fame and influence that far exceeded [[Bernard of Clairvaux|St Bernard]]'s, and which held its ground until the advent of the [[Thomism|Thomist philosophy]]. Hugh was more especially the initiator of the mysticism of the [[school of St Victor]], which dominated the whole of the second part of the [[12th century]]. The [[mysticism]] which he inaugurated, says [[Charles-Victor Langlois]], is learned, unctuous, ornate, florid, a mysticism which never indulges in dangerous temerities; it is the orthodox mysticism of a subtle and prudent rhetorician. This tendency undoubtedly shows a marked reaction from the contentious theology of [[Roscellinus]] and [[Pierre Abélard|Abélard]].
For Hugh, [[dialectic]] was both insufficient and perilous. Yet he did not profess the haughty contempt for science and philosophy which his followers the Victorines expressed; he regarded knowledge, not as an end in itself, but as the vestibule of the mystic life. Reason was but an aid to the understanding of the truths which faith reveals. The ascent towards God and the functions of the three-fold eye of the soul ''cogitatio'', ''meditatio'' and ''contemplatio'' were minutely taught by him in language which is at once precise and symbolical.
Manuscript copies of his works abound, and are to be found in almost every library which possesses a collection of ancient writings. The works themselves are very numerous and very diverse. The middle ages attributed to him sixty works, and the edition in [[Jacques Paul Migne|Migne]]'s ''[[Patrologia Latina|Patr. Lat.]]'', vols. clxxv–clxxvii (Paris, 1854), contains no fewer than forty-seven treatises, commentaries and collections of sermons. Of that number, however, [[Barthélemy Hauréau]] (''Hugues de Saint-Victor'' (1st ed., Paris, 1859; 2nd ed., Paris, 1886) contests the authenticity of several, which he ascribes with some show of probability to [[Hugh of Fouilloy]], [[Robert Paululus]] or others.
Among those works with which Hugh may almost certainly be credited may be mentioned:
*the celebrated ''De sacramentis christianae fidei'' (On the Sacraments of the Christian Faith)
*the ''Didascalicon de studio legendi'' (Treatise on the Arts)
*the treatises on mysticism entitled ''De contemplatio et ejus operibus'' (On Contemplation and its Operations), ''Aareum de meditando opusculum'', ''De arca Noe morali'' (On the Moral Interpretation of the Ark of Noah), ''De arca Noe mystica'' (On the Mystic Interpretation of the Ark of Noah), ''De vanitate mundi'' (On the Vanity of the World), ''De arrha animae'' (On the Betrothal Gift of the Soul), ''De amore sponsi ad sponsam'' (On the Love of the Husband for his Wife), etc.
*the introduction (Praenotatiunculae) to the study of the Scriptures
*homilies on the book of [[Ecclesiastes]]
*commentaries on other books of the Bible, e.g. the [[Pentateuch]], [[book of Judges|Judges]], [[Books of Kings|Kings]], [[book of Jeremiah|Jeremiah]], etc.
== See also ==
* [[German mysticism]]
===Further reading===
* [[Barthélemy Hauréau]], op. cit. and ''Notices et extraits des manuscrits latins de la Bibliothèque Nationale'', passim
* De Wulf, ''Histoire de la philosophie médiévale'' (Louvain, 1900), pp. 220-221
* article by H Denifle in ''Archiv für Literatur und Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters'', iii. 634-640 (1887)
* A Mignon, ''Les Origines de la scholastique et Hugues de St Victor'' (Paris, 1895)
* J Kilgenstein, ''Die Gotteslehre des Hugo von St Victor'' (1898)
* [[Ivan Illich]], ''In the Vineyard of the Text: A Commentary to Hugh's Didascalion'' (University of Chicago Press, 1993) ISBN 0-226-37235-9
* R. Moore, ''Jews and Christians in the Life and Thought of St. Victor'' (USF, 1998) ISBN 0-7885-0426-6
* [http://creationsafaris.com/wgcs_1.htm Hugh of St. Victor (c. 1096 - 1141)]
* Dan Graves, ''Scientists of Faith'' Kregel Publications(1996) ISBN 0-8254-2724-X
* [http://www.acton.org/publications/randl/rl_liberal_en_33.php "In the Liberal Tradition: Hugh of St. Victor (1096 – 1141)".] ''Religion and Liberty'', '''2''':1 (Jan.–Feb., 1992). Published by the [[Acton Institute]].
==References==
*{{1911}}
{{wikisource|Hugo de Sancto Victore}}
{{Medieval Philosophy}}
[[Category:1070s births]]
[[Category:1141 deaths]]
[[Category:Christian theologians]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic philosophers]]
[[Category:German philosophers]]
[[Category:Scholastic philosophers]]
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