Humanure
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2007-12-07T07:00:45Z
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'''"Humanure"''' is a [[neologism]] designating human excrement (feces and urine) that is [[recycling|recycled]] via [[composting]] for [[agriculture|agricultural]] or other purposes. The term was popularized by [http://www.weblife.org/humanure/ ''The Humanure Handbook''], a 1994 book by Joseph Jenkins that advocates the use of this [[organic material|organic]] [[soil]] amendment.
Humanure is not traditional [[sewage]] that has been processed by [[Sewage treatment|waste-treatment]] facilities, which may include waste from [[industry|industrial]] and other sources; rather, it is the combination of [[feces]] and [[urine]] with paper and additional [[carbon]] material (such as [[sawdust]]). By not disposing of feces and urine through the typical use of a flush [[toilet]], nutrients can be returned to the soil instead of [[pollution|polluting]] the water table.
Humanure is deemed safe for humans to use on [[agriculture|crops]] as long as it has been composted properly. This means that [[thermophilic]] decomposition of the humanure must heat it sufficiently to remove or destroy harmful [[pathogen]]s, or enough time must have elapsed since fresh manure was added that [[biology|biological]] activity has killed most pathogens. To be safe for crops, a curing stage is often needed to allow a second [[mesophile|mesophilic]] phase to reduce [[phytotoxin]]s.
Humanure is different from [[night soil]], which is raw human refuse spread on crops.
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Sustainable development|Sustainable development.svg}}
*[[Clivus (toilet)|Clivus]]
*[[Composting toilet]]
*[[Ecological sanitation]]
*[[Feces]]
*[[Outhouse]]
*[[Toilet]]
*[[Tree bog]]
*[[Jenkem]]
==External links==
*[http://www.weblife.org/humanure/ ''The Humanure Handbook'']
*[http://www.compostingtoilet.org/ Composting Toilet World]
[[Category:Soil improvers]]
[[Category:Environmental soil science]]
[[Category:Composting]]
[[Category:Gardening]]
[[Category:Organic gardening]]
[[Category:Permaculture]]