Hydrochloride
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221595801
2008-06-25T05:52:27Z
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In chemistry, '''hydrochlorides''' are [[salt (chemistry)|salt]]s resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of [[hydrochloric acid]] with an organic [[Base (chemistry)|base]] (mostly [[amine]]s). This is also known as '''muriate''', derived from hydrochloric acid's other name: muriatic acid.
For example, reaction of [[pyridine]] (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) yields pyridine hydrochloride (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N·HCl). Even though this style of formulas is often used for denoting the hydrochlorides, the dot incorrectly implies that the two molecules are weakly bonded together. It is the salt C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NH<sup>+</sup> Cl<sup>-</sup> with correct chemical name pyridinium chloride.
==Uses==
Converting insoluble amines into hydrochlorides is a common way to make them [[Solubility|water- and acid-soluble]]. This is particularly desirable for substances used in medications. Many [[pharmaceutical]] substances are prepared as hydrochlorides so that they may be quickly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract; the body usually absorbs a hydrochloride within 15 - 30 minutes.
Examples of hydrochlorides in medical uses are many, ranging from [[over-the-counter_drug|over-the-counter]] sinus relief to [[antidepressants]].
== See also ==
* [[Freebase (chemistry)]]
* [[Quaternary ammonium cation]]
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[[Category:Organochlorides]]
[[Category:Salts]]
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