Hydrogen station 1932741 222554683 2008-06-29T23:38:29Z Hmains 508734 already indirectly in this cat A '''hydrogen station''' is a storage or [[filling station]] for [[hydrogen]], usually located along a road or [[hydrogen highway]], or at home as part of the [[distributed generation]] resources concept. Vehicles use hydrogen as fuel in one of several ways, including [[fuel cells]] and hydrogen boosted engines<ref name="mcalister">{{cite web | title=Hydrogen Car and Multi Fuel Engine DVD | publisher=Knowledge Publications | url=http://www.knowledgepublications.com | accessdate=2007-06-23 | date=2005 }}</ref> among others. == Hydrogen filling stations == [[Image:Hydrogen.safety pic.jpg|thumb|Photo of hydrogen fueling pump in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]], Nevada]] In 2000, [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] and Air Products opened the first hydrogen station in North America in Dearborn, MI.<ref>{{cite book | author=Motavalli, Jim | title=Breaking Gridlock: Moving Towards Transportation That Works | location=San Francisco | publisher=Sierra Club Books | year=2001 | id=ISBN 1-57805-039-1 | pages=p. 145 }}</ref> Since the turn of the millennium, filling stations offering hydrogen have been opening worldwide. However, this does not begin to replace the existing extensive gasoline fuel station infrastructure, which would cost a half trillion U.S. dollars in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite book | last=Romm | first=Joseph | year=2004 | title=The Hype about Hydrogen, Fact and Fiction in the Race to Save the Climate | location=New York | publisher=Island Press | id=ISBN 1-55963-703-X }} Chapter 5</ref> The hydrogen fueling stations include the following: * Some [[fuel station]]s in [[Germany]], within the [[Clean Energy Partnership]], are offering hydrogen. * Bus refueling stations in a small number of European cities as part of the [[Clean Urban Transport for Europe]] programme. * [[Iceland]] began opening stations in [[2003]] as part of [[Renewable energy in Iceland|the country's initiative to implement]] a [[hydrogen economy]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2003-04-25-hydro-station_x.htm | title=Hydrogen-filling station opens ... in Iceland | publisher=[[USA Today]] | date=[[April 25]] [[2003]] | accessdate=2007-05-21 }}</ref> *Stations in [[California]] opened by the [[California Fuel Cell Partnership]], and under Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]'s [[California Hydrogen Highway]] program. *A Washington DC [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]] gas station on Benning Road sells mostly gasoline but also has one hydrogen pump. ([[Shell Hydrogen]]). * Japan has a number of hydrogen filling stations run by the [[Japan hydrogen fuel cell project]] to test various technologies of hydrogen generation. * British Columbia, Canada is building a seven node hydrogen refueling station network from [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] to [[Whistler]] timed to coincide with the 2010 [[Winter Olympic Games]]. The node in Surrey was the first in the world to deliver hydrogen at 70 [[MPa]], and is the longest operational node in the network, having been supplying hydrogen since March 2002.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hydrogenhighway.ca/code/navigate.asp?Id=229 | title=Powertech Station | publisher=British Columbia's Hydrogen Highway Web site | accessdate=2006-07-30 }}</ref> * Proton Energy Systems and Northern Power, both wholly owned subsidiaries of Distributed Energy Systems ([[Nasdaq]]: DESC), were contracted by EVermont to build an advanced demonstration [http://www.kepware.com/Solution_Chronicles/EVermont_Solution_Chronicle.html hydrogen fueling station] in Burlington, VT. The project was partially funded through the [[U.S. Department of Energy]]’s Hydrogen Program. * A hydrogen filling station opened in 2006 on the campus of [[The Ohio State University]] at the Center for Automotive Research. This station is the only one in Ohio.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://engineering.osu.edu/news/archive/2006/hydrogenfuelingstation.php | date=[[April 20]] [[2006]] | title=Center for Automotive Research unveils first hydrogen refueling station in Ohio | publisher=[[Ohio State University]] College of Engineering | accessdate=2007-06-23 }} </ref> *A prototype Hydrogen fueling station was built in compliance with all of the prevailing safety, environmental and building codes in Phoenix to demonstrate that such fueling stations could be built in urban areas.<ref name=INEEL>[http://avt.inl.gov/pdf/hydrogen/h2stationreport.pdf Alternative Fuel (Hydrogen) Pilot Plant Design Report] (Report INEEL / EXT-O3-00976 of the [[Idaho National Laboratory]] of the [[U.S. Department of Energy]])</ref> * [[Hynor]], Norway's first hydrogen fueling station was opened in February, 2007. * The UK has opened its first hydrogen filling station at the [[University of Birmingham]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7351915.stm BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Hydrogen car project begins<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> == Hydrogen home stations == '''Hydrogen home stations''' come in different types. * A solar powered water electrolysing hydrogen home station, is made of [[solar cell]]s, [[power converter]], [[Water purification|water purifier]], [[Electrolysis of water|electrolyzer]], [[Hydrogen piping|piping]], [[hydrogen purifier]],<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.homepower.com/files/Hp67p42.pdf | title=Hydrogen Purification | volume=67 | pages=42 | journal=Home Power }}</ref> [[oxygen purifier]], [[Hydrogen compressor|compressor]]<ref>{{cite web | publisher=Pressure Products Industries, Inc. | url=http://www.gotoppi.com/compressors/compressors.html | title=Diaphram Compressors | accessdate=2007-06-23 }}</ref>, [[pressure vessel]]s<ref>See, for example, [http://www.lincolncomposites.com/products.html Lincoln Composites Tuffshell tanks], as recommended by [[Roy McAlister]] in the "Hydrogen Car and Multi Fuel Engine" DVD)</ref> and a hydrogen outlet.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.dangerouslaboratories.org/h2homesystem.pdf | title=Solar Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis | journal=Home Power | volume=39 | date=Feb./Mar. [[1994]] | accessdate=2007-06-23 }} </ref> * A more complete home station would combine the solar home system on the inlet with natural gas and a [[Steam reforming|reformer]] <ref>{{cite web | url=http://world.honda.com/FuelCell/HomeEnergyStation/HomeEnergyStation2004/ | title=Fuel cell | publisher=Honda | accessdate=2006-08-04 }}</ref> and from the [[Hydrogen tank|storage tank]] to a [[fuel cell]] [[MicroCHP|microchp]] system to produce heat and electricity for the house and the excess electricity to the grid to become part as a distributed generation resource. * Integrated systems that convert solar energy photoelectrochemically are more efficient than splitting water. <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,65936,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_1 | date=[[December 7]] [[2004]] | author=John Gartner | title=Sunlight to Fuel Hydrogen Future | publisher=[[Wired magazine]] | accessdate=2006-06-30 }}</ref> * January 2007 - Australia's [[CSIRO]] has developed a hydrogen homestation based on electricity from standard rooftop solarpanels or a home wind turbine with an electrolyzer including compression and storage ready for use, the size of a filing cabinet, the expected market price would be $500 according to [[Sukhvinder Badwal]]. Extensive testing of the system will be going on for the next 2 years at [[RMIT University]] in [[Melbourne]]<ref> [http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/02/01/8398988/index.htm CSIRO Solar homestation]</ref>. * [[Home Energy Station]] IV is in testing phase. * [[The Hopewell Project]] an oversized pilot homestation by [[Michael Strizki]].<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEdQRVQtffw YouTube - Solar hydrogen home Michael Strizki<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * The [http://www.chewonkih2.org Chewonki Renewable Hydrogen Project] opened on August 28, 2006 in Wiscasset, Maine. * [[Stuart Island (Washington)|The Stuart Island Energy Iniative]].<ref>[http://www.siei.org/ Stuart Island Energy Initiative<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * The [[homefueler]] and [[HyStat-A Energy Station]] <ref>[http://www.nfcrc.uci.edu/2/ACTIVITIES/PROJECTS/hydrogen/HydrogenicsHomeFueler.aspx NFCRC: Hydrogen Program - Hydrogenics Home Fueler<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> == Hydrogen highway == A [[hydrogen highway]] is a chain of hydrogen-equipped filling stations and other infrastructure along a road or highway. Italy and Germany are building in collaboration a hydrogen highway between Mantova (Italy) and Munich (Germany). Italy has already built a hydrogen filling station in Mantova and it has been completed on 21 September 2007. See [[Zero Regio]] . == See also == {{Portal|Energy}} {{Portal|Sustainable development|Sustainable development.svg}} * [[Hydrogen vehicle]] * [[Hydrogen production]] * [[Hydrogen storage]] * [[Hydrogen reformer]] * [[Hydrogen piping]] * [[Hydrogen leak testing]] * [[Hydrogen microsensor]] * [[Autonomous building]] * [[Microgeneration]] * [[Virtual power plant]] * [[Zero Regio]] ==References== {{reflist}} == External links == * [http://www.euhyfis.com/ EUhyfis] * [http://www.hyapproval.org/ Hyapproval] * [http://www.iso.org/iso/standards_development/technical_committees/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=54560 ISO-TC 197] * [http://platial.com/system/map/1571 Hydrogen Refueling Stations] Mapped on Platial. * [http://www.fuelcells.org/info/charts/h2fuelingstations.pdf Worldwide Hydrogen Fueling Stations (PDF)] fuelcells.org * [http://www.h2stations.org Map of hydrogen refueling stations worldwide] * [http://avt.inl.gov/pdf/prog_info/fns_presentation.pdf Idaho National Laboratory] [[Category:Sustainable transport]] [[Category:Sustainable technologies]] [[Category:Hydrogen infrastructure]] [[de:Wasserstofftankstelle]] [[ru:Водородная заправочная станция]]