Hyeong 4094350 225012439 2008-07-11T13:27:10Z 68.44.41.47 {{Infobox Korean name| hangul=형, 품새, 틀| hanja=形, 品勢| rr=hyeong, pumsae, teul| mr=hyŭng, p'umsae, t'ŭl| }} The [[Korea]]n terms '''hyeong''', '''pumsae''' and '''teul''' (meaning "form" or "pattern") are all used to refer to [[martial arts]] forms that are typically used in Korean martial arts such as [[Taekwondo]] and [[Tang Soo Do]]. ''Hyeong'' is often romanized as ''hyung''; ''pumsae'' is often romanized as ''poomsae'' or ''poomse''; and ''teul'' is often romanized as ''tul''. A ''hyeong'' is a performance of a sequence of typical techniques from the martial art, either with or without the use of a weapon. This sequence is sometimes called "imaginary fighting" as it involves pre-determined and choreographed routines, sequences and patterns which resemble real combat, but are artistically non-combative or cooperative. These ''hyeong'' are performed as a way of practicing basic and advanced techniques in the martial art as well as in open competitions. In competition, routines are evaluated by a panel of master-level judges who base the score on many factors including energy, precision, speed, and control. There are two general classes of forms: creative and standard. Creative forms are created by the performer and are generally more [[acrobatic]] in nature. (As an example, a performer may break several boards that have been arranged in a shape.) The early standard forms are more true to the original martial art basics of their time period. ==Early taekwondo forms== There are many different taekwondo organizations, and there are many differences in the forms used in these organizations. Some schools may use a mixture of two or more sets of forms, whereas other schools strictly adhere to just one set of forms. In addition, sometimes a school will incorporate some forms that have been developed by the masters of their school into their training while still adhering to the original set of forms. The first ''[[Kwans|kwan]]'' (or school) of taekwondo, called [[Chung Do Kwan]], was formed in 1944. This school, like all the ''kwan''s, practiced the Okinawan/Japanese Heian (Pyongahn) set you see below in the Tang Soo Do section, along with a few variant forms. ==Chang Hon ''hyeong''== Schools that follow the ITF standards typically use the Chang Hon 창헌 (also called Chang Hun, Chang 'On or Chon-Ji) forms that were developed by [[General Choi Hong Hi]], Nam Tae Hi and Han Cha Kyo and that have their roots in the [[Oh Do Kwan]].<ref>{{cite book | title = The Encyclopedia of Tae Kwon Do (15 volumes) | publisher = International Taekwondo Federation | location = | date = | author = Choi Hong Hi }}</ref> With the Oh Do Kwan in charge of the taekwondo training in the Korean military, the "Chang Hon hyeong" set of forms spread widely, and they are seen in many taekwondo organizations. ==Official ITF Syllabus== The pattern names below are shown with [[Revised Romanization]] spellings; however, the traditional spellings are shown in parentheses if they vary from the modern standard, since those patterns have long been known with those spellings. === Cheon-Ji=== 천지 / 天地 - 19 movements Literally, Cheon-Ji (or Chon-Ji) means "heaven and earth" and refers to the creation of the world or the beginning of human history, and thus is the initial pattern learned by the beginner. === Dan-Gun === 단군 / 檀君 - 21 movements Dan-Gun is named after the holy [[Dangun]], the legendary founder of Korea in 2333 BC. Unusually for a ''teul'', all the punches in Dan-Gun are high section (at eye level), symbolising Dangun scaling a mountain. === Do-San === 도산 / 島山 - 24 movements Do-San is a pseudonym of the patriot [[Dosan Ahn Chang-Ho|Ahn Chang-ho]]. The 24 movements represent his entire life, which he devoted to furthering education in Korea and the [[Korean independence movement]]. === Won-Hyo === 원효 / 元曉 - 28 movements This pattern is named after the noted monk [[Wonhyo]] who introduced [[Buddhism]] to the [[Silla|Silla Dynasty]] in the year [[686]] AD. === Yul-Gok === 율곡 / 栗谷 - 38 movements Yul-Gok is a pseudonym of a great philosopher and scholar [[Yi I]] nicknamed the "[[Confucius]] of Korea". The 38 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on 38-degree latitude and the diagram of the pattern represents scholar. === Jung-Geun === 중근 / 重根 - 32 movements Jung-Geun (or Joong-Gun) is named after the patriot [[Ahn Joong-Gun]] who assassinated [[Itō Hirobumi]], the first [[Japanese people|Japanese]] governor-general of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part in the Korea-Japan merger. There are 32 movements in this pattern to represent Mr Ahn's age when he was executed at [[Lui-Shung]] Prison in [[1910]]. === Toi-Gye === 퇴계 / 退溪 - 37 movements Toi-Gye is the pen name of the noted scholar [[Yi Hwang]] (16 century AD), an authority on [[neo-Confucianism]]. The 37 movements of the pattern refer to his birthplace on 37-degree latitude, the diagram represents "scholar" as in the Yul-Gok ''hyeong''. === Hwa-Rang === 화랑 / 花郎 - 29 movements Hwa-Rang is named after the [[Hwarang]] youth group which originated in the [[Silla Dynasty]] in the early 7th century. The group eventually became the actual driving force for the unification of the [[three Kingdoms of Korea]]. The 29 movements refer to the 29th infantry Division, where Taekwondo developed into maturity. === Chung-Mu === 충무 / 忠武 - 30 movements [[Joong-Moo|Chung-Mu]] (or Choong-Moo) was the name given to the great Admiral [[Yi Sun-sin]] of the [[Yi Dynasty]]. He was reputed to have invented the first armored battleship ([[kobukson]]) in 1592, which is said to be the precursor the present day submarine. The reason this pattern ends with a left hand attack is to symbolize his regrettable death having no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the King. === Gwang-Gae === 광개 / 廣開 - 39 movements Gwang-Gae (or Kwang-Gae) is named after the famous [[Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo|Kwang-Gae-Toh-Wang]], the 19th king of the [[Goguryeo|Goguryeo Dynasty]], who achieved the greatest territorial expansion including the greater part of [[Manchuria]]. The diagram of the form represents the expansion and recovery of lost territory. The 39 movements refer to the first two figures of [[391 AD]], the year he came to the throne. === Po-Eun === 포은 / 圃隱 - 36 movements Po-Eun is the pseudonym of a loyal subject [[Chong-Mong-Chu]] who was a distinguished scholar of neo-Confucianism during the [[Goryeo Dynasty]]. His poem "I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred times" is known to every [[Korean people|Korean]]. The diagram, which is simply a straight line represents his unerring loyalty to the king and his country. === Gye-Baek === 계백 / 階伯 - 44 movements The Gye-Baek (or Gae-Baek) ''hyeong'' has 44 Movements. Gae-Baek is named after [[Gyebaek]], a great general in the [[Baekje]] Dynasty. The diagram represents his severe and strict [[military]] discipline. === Yu-Sin === 유신 / 庾信 - 68 movements Yu-Sin (or Yoo-Sin) is named after [[Kim Yu-shin|General Kim Yu-Sin]], a commanding general during the Silla Dynasty who played an important role in the merger of [[Goguryeo]] and [[Baekje]] by Silla. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of [[668]] AD the year the three kingdoms were unified. The ready posture signifies a sword drawn to the right rather than the left side, symbolizing Yoo Sin's mistake of following his king's orders to fight with foreign forces ([[Tang Dynasty]] of China) against his own people (Goguryeo and Baik-je). === Chung-Jang === 충장 / 忠壯 - 52 movements Chung-Jang (or Choong-Jang) is the pseudonym given to [[Kim Dok-yong|General Kim Duk Ryang]] who lived during the Yi Dynasty, [[14th century]]. This pattern ends with a left hand attack to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to reach full maturity. === Eul-Ji === 을지 / 乙支 - 42 movements Eul-Ji (or Ul-Ji) is named after general [[Eulji Mundeok]] who successfully defended Goguryeo against a Sui invasion force of over one million soldiers led by [[Yang Je]] in [[612]]AD. By employing hit and run [[guerilla tactics]], he was able to destroy the majority of the force. The diagram of the ''hyeong'' represents his surname. The 42 movements represent the author's age when he designed the pattern. === Go-Dang === 고당 - 39 movements Go-Dang (or Ko-Dang) was one of the original 24 patterns created by General Choi. In the early 1980s, however, Kodang was removed from the official syllabus by General Choi and replaced by a new pattern which he named Juche. Although no longer part of official ITF Taekwondo, Kodang is still included in the syllabi of many Taekwondo organisations. In those organisations where it is still taught, it is generally taught to students at the level of second dan black belt. It consists of a sequence of 39 individual techniques. Although some sources lead to the deduction that Kodang is exactly the same pattern as Juche, they are in fact two completely different patterns. === Sam-Il === 삼일 / 三一 - 33 movements Sam-Il name refers to the historic [[March 1st Movement]], the biggest nation-wide Korean independence movement against the imperial Japan in 1919. The 33 movements in the pattern represent for the 33 patriots who planned the movement. === Choe-Yeong === 최영 / 崔榮 - 45 movements Choe-Yeong (or Choi-Yong) is named after General [[Choe Yong]], Premier and Commander-in Chief of the armed forces during the 14th century [[Goryeo]] Dynasty. Choi Yong was greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism, and humility. He was executed by subordinate commanders headed by [[General Yi Seonggye]], who later became the first king of the [[Joseon Dynasty]]. === Se-Jong === 세종 / 世宗 - 24 movements This pattern is named after Se-Jong who was the 4th King of the Yi Dynasty. He was known for his many great achievements in domestic and foreign affairs, diplomacy, defence matters and culture. His most remarkable achievement was his invention of "[[Hangul|Hangeul]]", the Korean Alphabet. The 24 movements of this pattern represent the 24 letters of the "Hangeul". === Yeon-Gae === 연개 / 淵蓋 - 49 movements Yeon-Gae (or Yon-Gae) is named after the famous general [[Yon Gae Somoon]] during the [[Goguryeo|Goguryeo Dynasty]]. He defended Goguryeo from the aggression of the Tang Dynasty by destroying nearly 300,000 of their troops at [[Ansi Sung]]. (This pattern normally resides between Choi Yong and Se-Jong) === Mun-Mu === 문무 / 文武 - 61 movements Mun-Mu (or Moon-Moo) honors King [[Munmu]], the 30th king of the Silla Dynasty, who completed the unification of the three kingdoms (Goguryeo, Baik-je, Silla). His body was buried near [[Dae Wang Am]] (Great King's Rock). According to his will, the body was placed in the sea "Where my soul shall forever defend my land against the Japanese". The 61 movements in this pattern symbolize the last two figures of [[661]] AD when Munmu came to the throne. (This pattern normally resides between Choi Yong and Sea-Jong) === Eui-Am === 의암 / 義菴 - 45 movements Eui-Am is the pseudonym of [[Son Byong Hi]], leader of the Korean independence movement on [[March 1]], [[1919]]. The 45 movements refer to his age when he changed the name of his religion from [[Dong Hak]] (oriental learning) to [[Chondogyo]] (Heavenly Way Religion) in [[1905]]. The diagram represents his [[Martial arts#Indomitable Spirit|indomitable spirit]], displayed while dedicating himself to the prosperity of his nation. === Seo-San === 서산 / 西山 - 72 movements Seo-San (or So-San) is the pseudonym of the great monk [[Choi Hyong Ung]] during the Joseon Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age when he organized a corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil [[Sa Myung Dang]]. The monk soldiers helped repulse the Japanese pirates who overran most of the Korean peninsula in 1592. (This pattern normally resides between Choi Yong and Sea-Jong) === Tong-Il === 통일 / 統一 - 56 movements Tong-Il means "unification" which is the ultimate goal of all Koreans. Korea used to be one country, but was divided into North and South Korea in 1945 by the ideological conflict between the USSR and the USA after [[World War II]]. Yon Mu Sun, the diagram of this pattern symbolizes the North and South becoming one. ==Unofficial ITF Syllabus== ===Chul-Gi=== 25 movements Chul-Gi literally means Iron Horse and stresses techniques performed in a [[Stances (tae kwon do)#Sitting Stance .28Juchum Seogi.29|horse/riding stance]]. Chul-Gi is Japanese in origin and practiced by many martial arts styles. Chul-Gi is known as Naihanchi in [[Okinawan]] [[Karate]] and as Tekki in [[Shotokan Karate]]. (This pattern normally resides between Hwa-Rang and Choong-Moo) ===Bassai=== 29 movements Bassai is also Japanese in origin and is practiced in Taekwondo and [[Tang Soo Do]] (tangsudo) as well as many Japanese and Okinawan Karate styles. Bassai is also known as Balsek. Bassai is often translated as "to break down the fortress". The [[Korean language|Korean]] pronunciation of the characters that make up Bassai is "Patsai". It is usually associated with the Cobra, because of the quick, snapping motions of the techniques. (This pattern normally resides between Choong-Moo and Kwang-Gae) === Juche === 주체 / 主體 - 45 movements The Juche ''hyeong'' has 45 movements. [[Juche]] is a philosophical idea that man is the master of everything and decides everything. In other words, the idea that man is that master of the world and his own destiny. It is said that this idea was rooted in [[Baekdusan|Baekdu Mountain]], which symbolize the spirit of the Korean people. The diagram represents Baekdu Mountain, which is the highest mountain in Korea. (General Choi replaced Ko-Dang with this pattern.) ==Pumsae== The [[Kukkiwon]] uses the word ''pumsae'' for form. ''Pumsae'' philosophy originate from the book 'I Ching', a [[China|Chinese]] oracle. The I Ching has 64 [[Hexagram (I Ching)|hexagrams]], a combination of two sets of three lines, closed or broken. The sets of three lines are called [[trigrams]]. The closed lines represent [[Yang]], the open lines [[Yin]]. In the [[Chinese language]], the unity of Yin and Yang is called 'taich'i'. In the Korean language, the unity is called Tae-geuk. This explains the term ''pumsae Taegeuk''. The eight trigrams together are called Pal-gwe as in ''pumsae Palgwe''. Most Kukkiwon schools will use the ''pumsae'' Taegeuk whereas a few schools will use the ''pumsae'' Palgwe. The meanings, trigrams and symbols are shared by both ''pumsae'' Taegeuk and ''pumsae'' Palgwe, however the sequence of movements is different. The first 8 forms of the set of ''pumsae'' differ from each other, whereas the last 9 forms of the set are shared between the two sets. Palgwe ''pumsae'' were used from 1967 to 1971. Taegeuk ''pumsae'' have been in use from 1971 to the present time. Kukkiwon states that Palgwe ''pumsae'' have been eliminated. The official forms for Kukki-Taekwondo, as mandated by the Kukkiwon (World Taekwondo Headquarters), are the Taegeuk ''pumsae''. ''Pumsae'' is sometimes written as ''poomse''; however this would lead to an incorrect pronunciation as the Hangeul for the term uses the same [[Jamo]] as the Tae in Taekwondo, not the sound "Sey" (comparison: Teh-kwon-do not Tay-kwon-do nor Tie-kwon-do). However, many [[dialects of Korean]] pronounce the ''jamo'' ae and e almost identically. The Hanja for ''pumsae'' is 品勢, and means "Quality Shapes of Strength" The World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) has amended the spelling with it being interpreted as ''poomsae''. This has been reflected in the WTF World Poomsae Championships and of which the inaugural event was held in Seoul, South Korea in September 2006. ====Taegeuk Il Jang/Palgwe Il Jang==== [[Image:Tri-1.gif|left|Yang for Il Jang]] The general meaning of this form and associated trigram is Yang, which represents [[Heaven]] and [[Light]]. Also, this trigram has a relationship to [[South]] and [[Father]]. The first Taegeuk form is the beginning of all ''pumsae''s, the "birth" of the [[martial artist]] into Taekwondo. This ''pumsae'' should be performed with the greatness of Heaven. ====Taegeuk Yi Jang/Palgwe Yi Jang==== [[Image:Tri-2a.gif|left|Lake for Ee Jang]] The associated trigram of this ''pumsae'' represents the [[Lake]]. Also, related to the symbol is [[South East]] and the relationship of the youngest daughter. The movements of this Taegeuk/Palgwe are aimed to be performed believing that man has limitations, but that we can overcome these limitations. The Lake and its water symbolize the flowing and calm nature of the martial artist. This form is to reflect those attributes. ====Taegeuk Sam Jang/Palgwe Sam Jang==== [[Image:Tri-3.gif|left|Fire for Sam Jang]] This trigram represents [[Fire]]. Related to this symbol is also [[East]] and the relationship of the Second Daughter. Fire contains a lot of [[energy]]. The symbol behind the fire is similar to the symbolism of the water in that both can aid and both can destroy. This form is intended to be performed rhythmically, with some outbursts of energy to reflect fire's rhythmic and energetic dualism. ====Taegeuk Sa Jang/Palgwe Sa Jang==== [[Image:Tri-4.gif|left|Thunder for Sa Jang]]This trigram represents [[Thunder]]. Also, the trigram is strongly connected to [[Ordinal direction|northeast]] and the relationship of the Eldest son. Thunder comes from the sky and is absorbed by the earth, thus, according to the beliefs of the I Ching, thunder is one of the most powerful natural forces. This ''pumsae'' is associated with power and the connection between the heavens and earth. This ''pumsae'' is intended to be performed with power resembling the Thunder for which it is named. ====Taegeuk O Jang/Palgwe O Jang==== [[Image:Tri-5.gif|left|Wind for Oh Jang]]The trigram associated with this ''pumsae'' represents [[Wind]]. The trigram is also related to [[Ordinal directions|southwest]] and the relationship with an eldest daughter. The I Ching promotes that wind is a gentle force, but can sometimes be furious, destroying everything in its path. As such, it is intended that this ''pumsae'' is performed like the wind: gently, but knowing the ability of mass destruction with a single movement. The performer and audience should be aware of the duality of the form. ====Taegeuk Yook Jang/Palgwe Yook Jang==== [[Image:Tri-6.gif|left|Water for Yook Jang]]The trigram associated with this ''pumsae'' represents [[Water]]. Also, there is a relation to [[West]] and the relationship with a [[Second son]]. The movements of this ''pumsae'' are intended to be performed like water; flowing, powerful and cleansing. Sometimes standing still like water in a lake, sometimes thriving as a river, sometimes powerful like a waterfall. The water is to symbolize calm and cleansing, while also possessing the attribute of being violent and destructive. ====Taegeuk Chil Jang/Palgwe Chil Jang==== [[Image:Tri-7.gif|left|Mountain for Chil Jang]]The trigram associated with this ''pumsae'' represents a [[Mountain]]. Also, it represents the northwest and youngest son. The symbolism behind the mountain is the indomitable and majestic nature that all mountains possess. This ''pumsae'' is intended to be performed with the feeling that all movements are this majestic due to their unconquerable nature. ====Taegeuk Pal Jang/Palgwe Pal Jang==== [[Image:Tri-8.gif|left|Earth for Pal Jang]]The trigram associated with this ''pumsae'' represents the [[Earth]]. Also, there is a representation of [[North]] and [[Mother]]. The associated trigram of this ''pumsae'' is Yin. Yin, here, represents the end of the beginning, the evil part of all that is good. This being the last of the ''pumsae'' Taegeuk, it represents the end of the circle and the cyclic nature of the Earth. ====Koryo==== [[Koryo]], or Goryeo, is the name of an old Korean Dynasty. The people from the Goryeo defeated the Mongolian aggressors. It is intended that their spirit is reflected in the movements of the ''pumsae'' Koryo. Each movement of this ''pumsae'' represents the strength and energy needed to control the [[Mongols]]. ====Keumgang==== Keumgang means "diamond," symbolizing hardness. Keumgang is also the name of the most beautiful [[Keumgang|mountain]] in Korea, as well as the Keumgang warrior, named by [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]. Thus, the themes of hardness, beauty, and pondering permeate this ''pumsae''. ====Taebaek==== The legendary [[Dangun]] founded a nation in [[Taebaek]], near Korea's biggest mountain [[Baekdoo]]. Baekdoo is a known symbol for Korea. The definition of the word ''taebaek'' is literally "lightness". Every movement in this ''pumsae'' is intended to be not only be exact and fast, but with determination and hardness resembling the mountain Baekdoo, the origin of the nation of Korea. ====Pyongwon==== The definition of Pyongwon is "stretch, vast [[plain]]." The name carries with it a connotation of being large and majestic. ====Sipjin==== Sipjin stands for ten symbols of longevity, which are Sun, Moon, Mountain, Water, Stone, Pine tree, Herb of eternal youth, Turtle, Deer, and Crane. This ''pumsae'' represents the endless development and growth by the basic idea of the ten symbols of longevity and the decimal system. ====Jitae==== This ''pumsae'' is derived from the meaning of the [[earth]]. All things [[evolve]] from and return to the earth, the earth is the beginning and the end of life, as reelected through the Yin and Yang. ====Cheonkwon==== Cheonkwon literally means 'sky'. In the ''pumsae'', the sky symbolizes the ruler of the universe. According to belief, it is mysterious, infinite and profound. The motions of Cheonkwon are full of piety, vitality and reverence. ====Hansoo==== This ''pumsae'' is derived from the fluidity of water which easily adapts within nature. The symbol of the water repeats itself many times throughout all ''pumsae'', ''hyeong''s, and in martial arts in general. ====Ilyo==== The state of spiritual cultivation in Buddhism is called '[[Ilyo]]' which means 'oneness'. In Ilyo, body and mind, spirit and substance, "I" and "you" are unified. The ultimate ideal of the martial art and ''pumsae'' can be found in this state. It is a discipline in which every movement is concentrated on leaving all materialistics thoughts, obsessions and external influences behind. ==Tang Soo Do hyeong== There are several different [[Tang Soo Do]] organizations around the world, but they generally follow a similar course with regard to ''hyeong''. Most TSD ''hyeong'' are related by borrowing from Japanese/Okinawan [[kata]], with the names often directly translated from the Japanese. ===Gicho/Kicho hyeong=== Some schools teach new students the gicho/kicho, "basic" ''hyeong'': *(Gicho) Hyeong Il Bu *(Gicho) Hyeong Ee Bu *(Gicho) Hyeong Sam Bu These ''hyeong'' are very basic, comprised of simple attacks in a very measured pace, easy for beginners to learn. ===Pyong Ahn Hyeong=== The pyong ahn/pyung ahn ''hyeong'' are a series of five forms cognate in many ways to the [[pinan]] [[kata]] series of karate. They are: ====Pyong Ahn Cho Dan==== The first of the pyong ahn series, much of this form is a combination of gicho hyeong il bu and ee bu. This form also employs low knife-hand blocks. ====Pyong Ahn Ee Dan==== This ''hyeong'' is typically one count/technique longer than the other low-rank forms, due to one of its techniques, a side kick, which is performed in two counts, the first to set up and the second to deliver. It is also one of the only low-level ''hyeong'' to have a yell on the last move. The most-often used technique in this ''hyeong'' is the middle knife-hand block. ====Pyong Ahn Sam Dan==== The third of the pyong ahn series, this is also the shortest. While the forms before it involve an I-structure for movement, this form instead goes along an inverted T-structure, cutting out several counts. Its series of outside-inside kicks to sideways elbow strikes and hammerfist strikes is its most recognizable feature. It also ends with a yell. ====Pyong Ahn Sa Dan==== This form starts out much like Pyong Ahn Ee Dan, except that where Pyong Ahn Ee Dan has closed fists on its first blocks, Pyong Ahn Sa Dan has open hands. It is cognate to the [[Shotokan]] kata Pinan Yondan. ====Pyong Ahn O Dan==== Cognate to [[Pinan]] Godan, this is the final ''hyeong'' of the series, as well as the most involved. The phrase "pyong ahn" is often translated as "well-balanced" and "peaceful." These forms are usually taught after the gicho hyeong. They are said to represent the turtle. ===Naihanchi/Naebojin/Keema hyeong=== The Keema hyeong series are borrowed from the [[naihanchi]] series of karate, and in fact some schools use the name Naihanchi for these forms. The level at which they are taught varies, but their difficulty and technicality means that they are most often reserved for red/black belts, though not always directly after each other. Hwang Kee assigned the Horse to represent the form. They are: *Naihanchi Cho Dan *Naihanchi Ee Dan *Naihanchi Sam Dan ===Bassai/Passai/Palche/Bal Sak hyeong=== The "[[Bassai]]" pattern, meaning "to penetrate a fortress," has cognates in both Chinese, Japanesen and Korean martial arts. Moreover, there are many variations upon the two Bassai ''hyeong'' present in TSD, Bassai(Palche) So and Bassai(Palche) Deh. Some schools only practice Palche De, the "greater" of the two forms. These are usually higher-belt forms. The animal these forms represent is the snake. ===Sip Soo/Ship Soo hyeong=== Meaning "Ten Hands," Ship Soo (or Sip Soo, depending on the Romanization) is cognate to the karate kata [[Jitte]], though there are differences. Traditionally, this ''hyeong'' contains only hand techniques (it's name can be taken to mean "all hands"), but some styles of TSD do include kicking techniques. Its variations are many, and depend on the school, as with all ''hyeong''. This form supposedly represents the bear. ===Chinto/Jindo/Jinte hyeong=== Jinte is a typically high-rank ''hyeong'', whose hanja can be read as "Battle East". The ''hyeong'' requires balance with one legged techniques, and is often seen at tournament ''hyeong'' competitions. ITF Tang Soo Do refers to the form as Jintae, instead of Chinto or Jindo. ===Chil Sung and Yuk Ro hyeong=== These two series of ''hyeong'' were created by Grandmaster Hwang Kee, who founded the Moo Duk Kwan organization. ==See also== *[[Korean martial arts]] *[[List of Korea-related topics]] ==References== * {{cite book | title = The Complete Book Of Tae Kwon Do Forms | publisher = Paladin Press | location = Boulder, Colorado | date = 1988 | author = Yates, Keith | isbn = 978-0873644921 }} <references/> ==External links== *[http://www.TaeKwonDoPoomses.com All WTF Taekwondo Poomse on DVD. Number one Poomse reference.] *[http://www.natkd.com/tkd_forms Master list of Korean Forms/hyeongs] *[http://www.natkd.com/tkd_info Taekwondo information website with hyeong Videos and diagrams] *[http://www.natkd.com/tang_soo_do Tang Soo Do information website with hyeong Videos, One Steps] *[http://www.themmazone.net/index.php?pr=poomse+taekwondo How Poomse Becomes an Attitude in Taekwondo] [[Category:Korean martial arts]] [[Category:Korean words and phrases]] [[Category:Taekwondo]] [[de:Hyeong]] [[pl:Hyeong]]