Hypertrophy
605111
225166087
2008-07-12T06:33:32Z
85.3.181.242
/* External links */
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
Image = |
Caption = |
DiseasesDB = |
ICD10 = |
ICD9 = |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = |
eMedicineSubj = |
eMedicineTopic = |
MeshID = D006984 |
}}
'''Hypertrophy''' is the increase of the size of an organ or in a select area of the tissue. It should be distinguished from [[hyperplasia]] which occurs due to cell division increasing the ''number'' of cells while their size stays the same; hypertrophy occurs due to an increase in the ''size'' of cells, while the number stays the same.
==Examples of hypertrophy==
===Muscular hypertrophy===
{{main|Muscle hypertrophy}}
One of the most common and visible forms of organ hypertrophy occurs in skeletal muscles in response to [[strength training]] (known as [[muscle hypertrophy]]). Depending on the type of training, the hypertrophy can occur through increased [[sarcoplasm|sarcoplasmic]] volume or increased [[Sliding filament mechanism|contractile proteins]].
===Ventricular hypertrophy===<!-- This section is linked from [[Physical exercise]] -->
{{main|Ventricular hypertrophy}}
[[Ventricular hypertrophy]] is the increase in size of the [[Ventricle (heart)|ventricles]] of the [[heart]]. Changes can be beneficial or healthy if they occur in response to [[aerobic exercise|aerobic]] or [[anaerobic exercise]], but ventricular hypertrophy is generally associated with pathological changes due to [[high blood pressure]] or other disease states.
===Hypertrophy of the breasts===
{{main|Gigantomastia}}
[[Gigantomastia]] is the extreme growth of the breasts, i.e. 10 pounds (5 kg) per breast and more. In severe cases it is possible for women to have breasts that weigh well in excess of 20 lb (9 kg) each. Gigantomastia can occur as a rare complication of [[pregnancy]], but also with the more frequently juvenile gigantomastia during [[puberty]] ([[virginal breast hypertrophy]]).
===Hypertrophy of the clitoris===
{{main|Clitoromegaly}}
In the most pronounced cases, clitoromegaly is a symptom of intersexuality since the large clitoris resembles a penis (the different grade of genital ambiguity is commonly measured by the Prader classification ranging, in ascending order of masculinisation, from 1: Female external genitalia with clitoromegaly through 5: Pseudo-phallus looking like normal male external genitalia).
===See also===
*[[Atrophy]]
== External links ==
*[http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/hypertrophy.shtml University of California Muscle Physiology Home Page: Hypertrophy]
*[http://theshload.com/?p=66 General article about hypertrophy]
{{symptom-stub}}
[[Category:Muscular system]]
[[Category:Tissues]]
[[Category:Exercise physiology]]
[[Category:Exercise]]
[[Category:Anatomical pathology]]
[[da:Hypertrofi]]
[[de:Hypertrophie]]
[[es:Hipertrofia]]
[[it:Ipertrofia]]
[[ku:Hîpertrofî]]
[[nl:Hypertrofie]]
[[ja:肥大]]
[[no:Hypertrofi]]
[[nn:Hypertrofi]]
[[pl:Przerost]]
[[pt:Hipertrofia]]
[[sr:Хипертрофија]]
[[sv:Hypertrofi]]