Hypnotic
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2008-06-25T16:35:56Z
Arcadian
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{{Mergeto | Sedative | Talk:Sedative#Merge proposal |date=April 2008 }}
: ''For the state of mind see [[Hypnosis]].''
{{otheruses}}
'''Hypnotic''' drugs induce [[sleep]]<ref name="urlDorlands Medical Dictionary:hypnotic">{{cite web |url=http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/four/000051451.htm |title=Dorlands Medical Dictionary:hypnotic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> (which differentiates them from the [[sedative]] category), used in the treatment of [[insomnia]] and in surgical [[anesthesia]]. Often the treatment of insomnia will not begin with drugs at all. Since many hypnotic drugs are habit-forming, a physician will usually recommend alternative sleeping patterns, [[sleep hygiene]], and exercise before prescribing medication for sleep, due to a large number of factors known to disturb the human sleep pattern.
==Examples==
These drugs include:
* [[Barbiturate]]s
* [[Opioid]]s
* [[Benzodiazepine]]s
** [[Estazolam]]
** [[Flunitrazepam]]
** [[Midazolam]]
** [[Nitrazepam]]
** [[Temazepam]]
** [[Triazolam]]
* [[Nonbenzodiazepine]]s
** [[Zolpidem]]
** [[Zaleplon]]
** [[Zopiclone]]
** [[Eszopiclone]]
* [[Antihistamine]]s
** [[Diphenhydramine]]
** [[Doxylamine]]
** [[Hydroxyzine]]
** [[Promethazine]]
* [[gamma-hydroxybutyric acid]] ([[Xyrem]])
* [[Glutethimide]]
* [[Chloral hydrate]]
* [[Ethchlorvynol]]
* [[Levomepromazine]]
* [[Chlormethiazole]]
* [[Melatonin]], a hormone, can work as a hypnotic if taken 30-90 minutes before usual bedtime.
* [[Alcoholic beverage|Alcohol]] is also used as a hypnotic drug, though not medically. To quote the [[British National Formulary]]: "Alcohol is a poor hypnotic because its diuretic action interferes with sleep during the latter part of the night. Alcohol also disturbs sleep patterns, and so can worsen sleep disorders"
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Major drug groups}}
{{Hypnotics and sedatives}}
[[Category:Hypnotics|Hypnotics]]
{{pharma-stub}}
[[ar:منوم]]
[[cs:Hypnotikum]]
[[de:Schlafmittel]]
[[es:Hipnótico]]
[[fr:Hypnotique]]
[[nl:Slaapmiddel]]
[[ja:睡眠導入剤]]
[[no:Hypnotika]]
[[pt:Hipnótico]]
[[ru:Снотворные средства]]
[[sk:Hypnotikum]]
[[sr:Хипнотици]]
[[sv:Hypnotika]]
[[tr:Hipnotik]]
[[zh:安眠药]]