IJmuiden
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2008-06-05T19:36:14Z
Thijs!bot
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robot Adding: [[pl:IJmuiden]]
{{Coord|52|27|31|N|04|37|10|E|landmark|display=title}}
{{Dutch town locator maps
| mun_map = Image:LocatieVelsen.png
| town_map = Image:Map NL - Velsen - IJmuiden.svg
| caption = IJmuiden in the [[Velsen|municipality of Velsen]]
}}
[[Image:IJmuiden-4.59E-52.47N.jpg|thumb|right|Satellite photo of IJmuiden and Velsen area]]
[[Image:Vuurtoren-IJmuiden.jpg|thumb|right|IJmuiden's lighthouse]]
'''IJmuiden''' is a town in the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] province of [[North Holland]], the main town of the municipality of [[Velsen]]. It lies about 17 km (10.3 mi) north of [[Haarlem]]. In the [[Roman era]], this Velsen district was already inhabited, and archeological finds indicate there was a [[North Sea]] port of some regional importance built here. The town suffered heavy damage and demolition during [[World War II]], because of its maritime importance.
IJmuiden is a fairly new town in its present form, that only came into existence in the [[1870|1870s]], when the [[North Sea Canal]] was dug, connecting the [[Amsterdam]] harbors to the open sea. Before the present IJmuiden has been built, the area was known as ''Breesaap'', a desolate plain where only a handful of farmers strived to make a living. In [[1851]] the whole area was sold to the entrepreneurs Bik and Arnold, which finally set into motion the plans that had been drawn up already in [[1626]]. The first spade hit the ground on [[April 8]] [[1865]].
The IJmuiden name literally means “mouth of the IJ”, which is a hint to the importance the town has for the [[Amsterdam]] harbor. The name “IJmuiden” first appeared as ''IJ-muiden'' in lines written in [[1848]] by the [[professor]] and [[journalist]] (and, later, a [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[finance minister]] in the [[Constantijn Theodoor van Lynden van Sandenburg|Van Lynden van Sandenburg]] [[Cabinet of the Netherlands|Cabinet]]) Simon Vissering. The present ''IJmuiden'' form was eventually adopted in [[1876]], as the [[North Sea Canal]] was being completed in this section.
In [[1890]] it had about 1,500 inhabitants, but boomed when the [[Koninklijke Hoogovens|Koninklijke Nederlandse Hoogovens steelworks]] settled in IJmuiden. The statistical area IJmuiden which includes the surrounding countryside, has a population of 30,466. The headquarters of the [[Koninklijke Nederlandse Redding Maatschappij]] is located in IJmuiden.
== North Holland's gate to the North Sea ==
The [[North Sea Canal]] connects the North Sea with the [[IJ (bay)|IJ Bay]] in [[Amsterdam]].
Besides the [[Velsen]] [[City and town halls|Municipality Hall]] ''(Raadhuis van de gemeente Velsen)'', designed by the famous architect [[Willem Marinus Dudok|Willem Dudok]], important sights in IJmuiden are the [[North Sea]] [[Lock (water transport)|locks]]. The latter are among the largest in the world and one set is able to close off a shipping lane of 50 meters (164 ft) wide and 12 meters (39 ft) deep. There are plans to enlarge or build a new set to facilitate even larger vessels.
[[DFDS_Seaways#DFDS_Seaways|DFDS Seaways]] serve a route between [[Amsterdam]] and [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] via IJmuiden. A new [[roll-on/roll-off]] ferry route between IJmuiden and [[Great Yarmouth Outer Harbour|Great Yarmouth]] in the [[United Kingdom]] will begin in 2009 <ref>[http://www.businessweekly.co.uk/2001121225021/travel-and-transport-archive/dutch-daily-ferry-link-a-step-closer.html Dutch daily ferry link a step closer ''(Business Weekly, December 12, 2001)'']</ref>.
==Reference==
{{Reflist}}
== External links==
{{commonscat|IJmuiden}}
*[http://www.velsen.nl/streaming_groot.htm Velsen Municipality Hall webcam over IJmuiden]
*[http://www.amsterdamports.nl/beeldbank/webcam/IJmuiden.jpg Webcam over the North Sea locks]
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<gallery>
Image:Corus-IJmuiden.jpg|[[North Sea Canal|North Sea Canal's]] wide mouth
Image:Hoogovens.JPG|[[Koninklijke Hoogovens|Koninklijke Nederlandse Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken (KNHS)]] is a key actor for the [[IJ|IJ]]
Image:Vissersboten IJmuiden.jpg|[[Commercial trawler|Fishing boats]] at quay in IJmuiden
Image:Jachthaven IJmuiden.jpg|IJmuiden's marina
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[[Category:Settlements established in 1876]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in North Holland]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of the North Sea]]
[[Category:Iron and steel mills]]
{{NorthHolland-geo-stub}}
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