IND Sixth Avenue Line 1480692 224116997 2008-07-07T11:37:24Z Idioma-bot 2964546 robot Adding: [[es:IND Sixth Avenue Line]] {{Infobox rail line |name=IND Sixth Avenue Line |image=NYCS-line-trans-6th.svg |image_width=200px |caption=The [[B (NYCS)|B]], [[D (NYCS)|D]], [[F (NYCS)|F]], and [[V (NYCS)|V]], which use the Sixth Avenue Line through [[Midtown Manhattan]], are colored orange. |type=[[Rapid transit]] |system=[[New York City Subway]] |start=South of [[59th Street–Columbus Circle (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|59th Street–Columbus Circle]]; [[57th Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|57th Street]] |end=North of [[Jay Street–Borough Hall]]; south of [[Grand Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|Grand Street]] |stations=14 |open=1936-1968 |owner=[[City of New York]] |operator=[[New York City Transit Authority]] |character=Underground |linelength= |notrack=2-4 |gauge={{RailGauge|ussg}} |el=[[Direct current traction|600V DC using a third rail]] |map= }} The '''Sixth Avenue Line''' is a [[rapid transit line]] of the [[B Division (NYCS)|B Division]] of the [[New York City Subway]] in the [[United States]]. It runs mainly under [[Sixth Avenue (Manhattan)|Sixth Avenue]] in [[Manhattan]], and continues south through the [[Rutgers Street Tunnel]] to [[Brooklyn]]. It was the last trunk line of the [[Independent Subway System]], completed in 1940. The majority of the line has four tracks, two local and two express. At each end, these pairs of tracks split, giving the line two north and two south ends. The two express services, the [[B (NYCS)|B]] (weekdays) and [[D (NYCS)|D]] (all times) come off the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]] south of [[59th Street–Columbus Circle]], curving east under [[53rd Street (Manhattan)|53rd Street]] and south into Sixth Avenue. The local tracks begin at [[57th Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|57th Street]], carrying the [[F (NYCS)|F]] (all times) from the [[IND 63rd Street Line]]. The [[V (NYCS)|V]] (weekdays) merges onto the local tracks via a connection from the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] near 53rd Street. The four-track line heads south under Sixth Avenue to [[West Fourth Street–Washington Square]], where passengers can transfer to the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]]. South of that station, a [[flying junction]] (not used for revenue service) connects the local Sixth Avenue and Eighth Avenue Line tracks, and the Sixth Avenue Line turns east under [[Houston Street (Manhattan)|Houston Street]]. The express tracks (still carrying the B and D) turn south after [[Broadway–Lafayette Street]], passing under [[Chrystie Street (Manhattan)|Chrystie Street]] via the [[Chrystie Street Connection]] to the [[Manhattan Bridge north tracks]], while an unused local connection ties into the [[BMT Nassau Street Line]] towards the [[Williamsburg Bridge]]. The V ends at the next station, [[Second Avenue (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|Second Avenue]], where they reverse direction on a stub of the express tracks intended for the never-built [[IND Worth Street Line]], and the rest of the Sixth Avenue Line, as it turns south under [[Essex Street (Manhattan)|Essex Street]], [[Rutgers Street (Manhattan)|Rutgers Street]], and [[Jay Street (Brooklyn)]], is a two-track line carrying only the F. The Sixth Avenue Line becomes the [[IND Culver Line]] on the two outer tracks at [[Jay Street–Borough Hall]]; the two inner tracks are used by the Eighth Avenue Line as it becomes the [[IND Fulton Street Line]]. Thus the Sixth and Eighth Avenue Lines meet three times. ==Description== The Sixth Avenue Line can be considered as having two north ends. One is at 57th Street station, where two tracks lead south under [[Sixth Avenue (Manhattan)|Sixth Avenue]] from the [[IND 63rd Street Line]]. The other is just south of 59th Street–Columbus Circle, where a two-track line splits from the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]] at a [[flying junction]] (with connections to the local and express tracks), immediately turns east under [[53rd Street (Manhattan)|53rd Street]], and crosses the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]], which parallels it just to the north. At the Seventh Avenue station, the southbound track is above the northbound track; the same is true on the Queens Boulevard Line (though north is the opposite direction from the Sixth Avenue Line). This line then turns south to go under Sixth Avenue, merging with the branch from 57th Street and a connection to the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] to become a four-track line. The southbound track becomes the westernmost track, and the northbound track becomes the second track from the east; the other lines merge to become the second track from the west and the easternmost track, with connections only between the 63rd Street Line and the two main tracks. After passing through 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center, the two southbound tracks cross; the main tracks have become two center express tracks and the tracks from the other lines are the two outside local tracks. {{IND Sixth Avenue Line}} South of 42nd Street is a large [[interlocking]] with many crossover tracks. The original express tracks ended just to the south at 34th Street–Herald Square, and some services switched to the local tracks at the interlocking. This was done because the [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]] subway already existed under Sixth Avenue south of [[33rd Street (Manhattan)|33rd Street]]; the Sixth Avenue Line local tracks were built on each side of PATH. Deeper express tracks were later built and opened for service in 1968. The Section between West Fourth Street and 34th Street–Herald Square was originally built as a two track subway with the provision to expand to four tracks later (the express tracks were added in the 1960s during the [[Chrystie Street Connection]] projects&mdash;as a result they are placed under the local tracks and PATH, which is in the space in which they could have been). The section at 34th Street–Herald Square in the heart of Midtown Manhattan was and probably still is the most complicated piece of subway construction ever attempted. When this station was built, several rail lines, streets, utilities and water lines had to be supported or avoided. The 34 St. Station has extreme grades at either end because of the construction and overlaying structures. At West Fourth Street–Washington Square, the express tracks return to the same level as the local tracks. A flying junction just to the south connects the local tracks of the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line|Eighth Avenue Line]]. The Sixth Avenue Line then turns east under [[Houston Street (Manhattan)|Houston Street]]. After Broadway–Lafayette Street, the express tracks turn south to become the [[Chrystie Street Connection]] main tracks (to the [[Manhattan Bridge]]), and tracks split from the local tracks to become the other part of the connection (to the [[Williamsburg Bridge]]). Just south (compass east) of the connection, the express tracks begin again; they had formerly gone straight through. The express tracks end past Lower East Side–Second Avenue, and are used to relay {{NYCS service|V}} trains; they were once planned to extend east towards [[the Rockaways]] as part of [[Proposed New York City Subway expansion (1929-1940)|a massive system expansion]]. The local tracks then turn south under [[Essex Street (Manhattan)|Essex Street]] and [[Rutgers Street (Manhattan)|Rutgers Street]] before crossing under the [[East River]] via the [[Rutgers Street Tunnel]] to become the [[IND Culver Line]]. ==History== The IND Sixth Avenue Line was built to replace the elevated [[IRT Sixth Avenue Line]] (which closed and was demolished in [[1939]]). The first portion of the IND line to open was the part not under Sixth Avenue. What was then known as the '''Houston–Essex Street Line''' began operations at noon on [[January 1]], [[1936]], with two local tracks from a junction with the [[Washington Heights, Eighth Avenue and Church Street Line]] (Eighth Avenue Line) south of [[West Fourth Street–Washington Square]] east under [[Houston Street (Manhattan)|Houston Street]] and south under [[Essex Street (Manhattan)|Essex Street]] to a temporary terminal at [[East Broadway (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|East Broadway]]. [[E (NYCS)|E]] trains, which had run from [[Jackson Heights, Queens|Jackson Heights]] to [[Hudson Terminal (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Hudson Terminal]], were shifted to the new line to East Broadway.<ref name="East Broadway">[[New York Times]], La Guardia Opens New Subway Link, [[January 2]], [[1936]], page 1</ref> Two express tracks were built on the portion under Houston Street, intended to connect with the never-built [[IND Worth Street Line]].{{Fact|date=April 2007}} Just after midnight on [[April 9]], [[1936]], trains began running under the [[East River]] in the [[Rutgers Street Tunnel]], which connected the Houston-Essex Street Line with the north end of the [[Jay–Smith–Ninth Street Line]] at a junction with the Eighth Avenue Line<!--did that name actually go to Jay Street–Borough Hall?--> north of [[Jay Street–Borough Hall]]. E trains were sent through the connection and to [[Church Avenue (IND Culver Line)|Church Avenue]]. Simultaneously, the [[Fulton Street Line (IND)|Fulton Street Line]] was opened to [[Rockaway Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Rockaway Avenue]], and the [[A (NYCS)|A]] and [[C (NYCS)|C]], which had used Smith Street, were rerouted to use Fulton Street.<ref name=Rutgers>[[New York Times]], Two Subway Links Start Wednesday, [[April 6]], [[1936]], page 23</ref><ref>[[New York Times]], New Subway Link Opened by Mayor, [[April 9]], [[1936]], page 25</ref> At first the city intended to take over the [[Hudson and Manhattan Railroad]] (PATH) tunnel in Sixth Avenue for express tracks at a future time, building a new subway at a lower level for the H&M.<ref>[[New York Times]], [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60C11FA3A59107A93CAA91783D85F418385F9 6th Av. Tube Work to be Begun Oct. 1], [[August 8]], [[1935]], page 15</ref> The stubs that now become the [[IND 63rd Street Line]] were built for a proposed extension under [[Central Park]] to [[Harlem, Manhattan|Harlem]].<ref>[[New York Times]], [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F2061EF7355A167A93C7A81789D95F448485F9 New Subway Line on 6th Ave. Opens at Midnight Fete], [[December 15]], [[1940]], page 1</ref> [[Image:IND after 6th Ave.png|thumb|right|125px|IND services immediately after the main part of the line opened]] The local tracks on the main part of the line opened at 00:01 on [[December 15]], [[1940]]. The following service changes were made: *{{NYCS service|AA}} (Washington Heights Local) was brought back for non-rush-hour service between [[Washington Heights–168th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|168th Street]] and [[Hudson Terminal (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Hudson Terminal]] via the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line|Eighth Avenue Line]]. *{{NYCS service|BB}} (Washington Heights Local) was added for rush-hour only service between [[168th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|168th Street]] and [[Hudson Terminal (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Hudson Terminal]] via the Sixth Avenue Line. *{{NYCS service|D}} (Bronx Concourse Express) was added for service between [[Norwood–205th Street (IND Concourse Line)|Norwood–205th Street]] and [[Hudson Terminal (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Hudson Terminal]] via the Sixth Avenue Line. *{{NYCS service|E}} (Queens–Manhattan Express) service was cut back from [[Church Avenue (IND Culver Line)|Church Avenue]] to [[Broadway–Lafayette Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|Broadway–Lafayette Street]]. *{{NYCS service|F}} (Queens–Manhattan Express) was added for service between [[Parsons Boulevard (IND Queens Boulevard Line)|Parsons Boulevard]] and [[Church Avenue (IND Culver Line)|Church Avenue]] via the Sixth Avenue Line. *IRT Sixth Av. Rapid Transit Elevated Structure. (Demolished 1938) *Intersection Of Broadway, Sixth Av, and 34 St. (including street car tracks&mdash;removed later) *Underground Utilities including water pipes and mains, gas and electric lines *PATH (Port Authority Trans-Hudson(Subway)) *BMT Broadway Subway *IND Sixth Av. Subway *Pennsylvania Rail Tunnels-To Queens and Pennsylvania (Penn) Station *Sixth Av. Aqueduct, New York's main water supply 200 ft (60 m) Deep Leaving this complicated area of rail lines the line continues as a four track subway to 53 St. Here the line splits. Two tracks continue North to the new 63 St. Subway opened in 1988, two others continue west under 53 St. to meet with the 8 Av. Subway, while still two others travel east to merge with the 53 St. Subway and head to Queens. This line was completed in 1940. ===Service patterns=== {{Unreferencedsection|date=April 2007}} Between 1940 and 1967, the Sixth Avenue Line had one local service (originally [[F (NYCS)|F]]) through the [[Rutgers Street Tunnel]] to Brooklyn, one short-turn local service (originally [[D (NYCS)|D]]) that turned back at various point in Lower Manhattan, and one rush-hour short turn service to 34th Street ([[BB (NYCS)|BB]]). With the opening of the [[Chrystie Street Connection]] in 1967, the short-turn local was sent through the connection to Brooklyn (as the [[KK (NYCS)|KK]] during rush hours and the [[B (NYCS)|B]] at other times), a new express via the connection (D) was added, and the rush-hour BB was redesignated B and extended via the express tracks and connection to Brooklyn. Other than changes in letters, the only major change to this pattern was between 1988 and 2001, when the [[Manhattan Bridge south tracks]] were closed for reconstruction, and the short-turn local was replaced with another express to Brooklyn ([[Q (NYCS)|Q]] and B). Since 2004, the full local has been the F, the short-turn local the [[V (NYCS)|V]], the full-time express the D, and the part-time express the B. ==Station listing== {{NYCS service legend | alltimes = show | allexceptrush = | allexceptnights = show | nightsonly = show | nightsweekends = | weekdaysonly = show | rushonly = | rushpeak = show }} {| class="wikitable" !{{Access icon}} !Station !Tracks !Services !Opened !Transfers and notes |- ! colspan=6 | ''[[Manhattan]]'' |- !colspan=6|Branch from the [[IND 63rd Street Line]] ({{NYCS 63rd IND|time=show}}) |- | |[[57th Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|57th Street]] |local |{{NYCS 63rd IND|time=show}} |[[July 1]], [[1968]] | |- |colspan=6|&nbsp; |- !colspan=6|Branch from the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]] ({{NYCS Sixth 53rd|time=show}}) |- | |[[Seventh Avenue (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|Seventh Avenue]] |express |{{NYCS Sixth 53rd|time=show}} |[[August 19]], [[1933]] |[[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] ({{NYCS Queens 53rd west|time=show}}) |- !colspan=6|Merge with a connection from the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] ({{NYCS Sixth Queens|time=show}}) |- |colspan=6|&nbsp; |- !colspan=6 | Main line ({{NYCS Sixth|time=show}}) |- | |[[47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center]] |all |nowrap|{{NYCS Sixth|time=show}} |nowrap|[[December 15]], [[1940]] | |- | |[[42nd Street–Bryant Park (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|42nd Street–Bryant Park]] |all |{{NYCS Sixth|time=show}} |[[December 15]], [[1940]] |[[IRT Flushing Line]] ({{NYCS Flushing|time=show}}) at [[Fifth Avenue (IRT Flushing Line)|Fifth Avenue]] |- | {{Access icon}} |[[34th Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|34th Street]] |all |{{NYCS Sixth|time=show}} |[[December 15]], [[1940]] |[[BMT Broadway Line]] ({{NYCS Broadway|time=show}})<br>Connection to [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]] at [[33rd Street (PATH station)|33rd Street]] |- | |[[23rd Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|23rd Street]] |local |{{NYCS Sixth|time=show}} |[[December 15]], [[1940]] |Connection to [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]] at [[23rd Street (PATH station)|23rd Street]] |- | |[[14th Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|14th Street]] |local |{{NYCS Sixth|time=show}} |[[December 15]], [[1940]] |[[BMT Canarsie Line]] ({{NYCS Canarsie|time=show}})<br>Connection to [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]] at [[14th Street (PATH station)|14th Street]] |- |{{Access icon}} |[[West Fourth Street–Washington Square (New York City Subway)|West Fourth Street–Washington Square]] |all |{{NYCS Sixth|time=show}} |[[December 15]], [[1940]] |[[IND Eighth Avenue Line]] {{{{NYCS Eighth south|time=show}}) |- |align=center colspan=6|Connecting tracks to the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]] (no regular service) |- | |[[Broadway–Lafayette Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|Broadway–Lafayette Street]] |all |{{NYCS Sixth|time=show}} |[[January 1]], [[1936]]<ref name="East Broadway"/> |[[IRT Lexington Avenue Line]] ({{NYCS Lexington local|time=show}}) at [[Bleecker Street (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)|Bleecker Street]] (southbound only) |- |colspan=6|&nbsp; |- !colspan=6|Branch under Chrystie Street ({{NYCS Chrystie Manhattan|time=show}}) |- | |[[Grand Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|Grand Street]] |express |{{NYCS Chrystie Manhattan|time=show}} |[[November 27]], [[1967]] | |- !colspan=6|To north tracks of [[Manhattan Bridge subway tracks|Manhattan Bridge]] ({{NYCS Chrystie Manhattan|time=show}}) |- |colspan=6|&nbsp; |- !colspan=6|Branch under [[Houston Street (Manhattan)|Houston Street]] ({{NYCS Sixth south|time=show}}) |- | |[[Second Avenue (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|Second Avenue]] |local<br />layup tracks |{{NYCS Sixth south|time=show}} |[[January 1]], [[1936]]<ref name="East Broadway"/> |Southern terminal for {{NYCS service|V}} |- | |[[Delancey Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|Delancey Street]] |local |{{NYCS Sixth Rutgers|time=show}} |[[January 1]], [[1936]]<ref name="East Broadway"/> |[[BMT Nassau Street Line]] ({{NYCS Nassau north|time=show}}) at [[Essex Street (BMT Nassau Street Line)|Essex Street]] |- | |[[East Broadway (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|East Broadway]] |local |{{NYCS Sixth Rutgers|time=show}} |[[January 1]], [[1936]]<ref name="East Broadway"/> | |- |align="center" colspan=6|[[Rutgers Street Tunnel]] under the [[East River]] |- !colspan=6 | ''[[Brooklyn]]'' |- | |[[York Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|York Street]] |local |{{NYCS Sixth Rutgers|time=show}} |[[April 9]], [[1936]]<ref name=Rutgers/> | |- !colspan=6|Continues as the [[IND Culver Line]] ({{NYCS Sixth Rutgers|time=show}}) |} ==References== {{reflist}} *6th Ave. Tube Adds Two New Services, [[New York Times]] December 5, 1940 page 27 ==External links== *[http://nycsubway.org/ind/6thave/ nycsubway.org - IND 6th Ave./63rd St. Line] {{NYCS lines}} [[Category:New York City Subway lines|6th Avenue Line]] [[es:IND Sixth Avenue Line]] [[fr:IND Sixth Avenue Line]]