ISO/IEC 8859
15020
222744795
2008-06-30T22:08:02Z
208.81.184.4
+ {{character encoding}}
'''ISO 8859''', more formally '''ISO/IEC 8859''', is a joint [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] and [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] standard for 8-bit [[character encoding]]s for use by computers. The standard is divided into numbered, separately published parts, such as [[ISO/IEC 8859-1]], [[ISO/IEC 8859-2]], etc., each of which may be informally referred to as a standard in itself. There are currently 15 parts [[as of 2006]] excluding the abandoned ISO/IEC 8859-12 standard.
ISO/IEC 8859 parts 1, 2, 3 and 4 are also [[Ecma International]] '''ECMA-94'''.
== Introduction ==
While the bit patterns of the 95 printable [[ASCII]] characters are sufficient to exchange information in modern [[English language|English]], most other languages that use the [[Latin alphabet]] need additional symbols not covered by ASCII, such as ''[[ß]]'' ([[German language|German]]), ''[[ñ]]'' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]), ''[[å]]'' ([[Swedish (language)|Swedish]] and other [[Nordic language]]s) and [[ő]] ([[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]). ISO 8859 sought to remedy this problem by utilizing the eighth bit in an 8-bit [[byte]] in order to allow positions for another 128 characters. (This bit was previously used for data transmission protocol information, or was left unused.) However, more characters were needed than could fit in a single 8-bit character encoding, so several mappings were developed, including at least 10 just to cover the Latin script.
The ISO 8859-''n'' encodings only contain printable characters, and were designed to be used in conjunction with [[control characters]] mapped to the unassigned bytes. To this end a series of encodings registered with the [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]] add the [[C0 and C1 control codes|C0]] control set (control characters mapped to bytes 0 to 31) from [[ISO/IEC 646|ISO 646]] and the [[C0 and C1 control codes|C1]] control set (control characters mapped to bytes 127 to 159) from [[ISO 6429]], resulting in full 8-bit character maps with most, if not all, bytes assigned. These sets have ISO-8859-''n'' as their preferred [[MIME]] name or, in cases where a preferred MIME name isn't specified, their canonical name. Many people use the terms ISO 8859-''n'' and ISO-8859-''n'' interchangeably. [[ISO/IEC 8859-11|ISO 8859-11]] did not get such a charset assigned, presumably because it was almost identical to [[TIS 620]].
== Characters ==
The ISO 8859 standard is designed for reliable information exchange, not [[typography]]; the standard omits symbols needed for high-quality typography, such as optional ligatures, curly quotation marks, dashes, etc. As a result, high-quality typesetting systems often use proprietary or idiosyncratic extensions on top of the [[ASCII]] and ISO 8859 standards, or use [[Unicode]] instead.
As a rule of thumb, if a character or symbol was not already part of a widely used data-processing character set and was also not usually provided on typewriter keyboards for a national language, it didn't get in. Hence the directional double quotation marks ''«'' and ''»'' used for some European languages were included, but not the directional double quotation marks ''“'' and ''”'' used for English and some other languages. French didn't get its ''œ'' and ''Œ'' ligatures because they could be typed as 'oe'. Ÿ, needed for all-caps text, was left out as well. These characters were, however, included later with [[ISO/IEC 8859-15|ISO 8859-15]], which also introduced the new [[euro sign]] character €. Likewise Dutch did not get the 'ij' and 'IJ' letters, because Dutch speakers had gotten used to typing these as two letters instead. Romanian did not initially get its '{{unicode|Ș/ș}}' and '{{unicode|Ț/ț}}' ([[Comma (punctuation)|with comma]]) letters, because these letters were initially unified with 'Ş/ş' and 'Ţ/ţ' ([[Cedilla|with cedilla]]) by the [[Unicode Consortium]], considering the shapes with comma beneath to be [[glyph]] variants of the shapes with cedilla. However, the letters with explicit comma below were later added to the Unicode standard and are also in [[ISO/IEC 8859-16|ISO 8859-16]].
Most of the ISO 8859 encodings provide diacritic marks required for various European languages using the Latin script. Others provide non-Latin alphabets: [[Greek alphabet|Greek]], [[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]], [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]], [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]] and [[Thai alphabet|Thai]]. Most of the encodings contain only [[spacing characters]] although the Thai, Hebrew, and Arabic ones do also contain [[combining characters]]. However, the standard makes no provision for the scripts of East Asian languages (''[[CJK]]''), as their ideographic [[writing system]]s require many thousands of code points. Although it uses Latin based characters, [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] does not fit into 96 positions (without using combining diacritics) either. Each Japanese syllabic alphabet (hiragana or katakana, see [[Kana]]) would fit, but like several other alphabets of the world they aren't encoded in the ISO 8859 system.
== The Parts of ISO 8859 ==
ISO 8859 is divided into the following parts:
{| class="wikitable"
![[ISO/IEC 8859-1|Part 1]]
|''Latin-1'' <br />''Western European''
|Perhaps the most widely used part of ISO 8859, covering most Western European languages: [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]] (partial<ref>only the [[IJ (letter)|IJ/ij (letter IJ)]] is missing, which is usually represented as IJ.</ref>), [[English language|English]], [[Faroese language|Faeroese]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]] (partial<ref name="two">missing characters are in ISO 8859-15.</ref>), [[French language|French]] (partial<ref name="two" />), [[German language|German]], [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[Irish language|Irish]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Romansh language|Rhaeto-Romanic]], [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], and [[Swedish (language)|Swedish]]. Languages from other parts of the world are also covered, including: Eastern European [[Albanian language|Albanian]], Southeast Asian [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], as well as the African languages [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] and [[Swahili language|Swahili]]. The missing [[euro sign]] and capital ''Ÿ'' are in the revised version ISO 8859-15. The corresponding IANA-approved character set ISO-8859-1 is the default encoding for legacy [[HTML]] documents and for documents transmitted via MIME messages, such as [[HTTP]] responses when the document's media type is "text" (as in "text/html").
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-2|Part 2]]
|''Latin-2'' <br />''Central European''
|Supports those Central and Eastern European languages that use the Latin alphabet, including [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Slovak language|Slovak]], [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], and [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]. The missing [[euro sign]] can be found in version ISO 8859-16.
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-3|Part 3]]
|''Latin-3'' <br />''South European''
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Maltese language|Maltese]], and [[Esperanto]]. Largely superseded by [[ISO/IEC 8859-9|ISO 8859-9]] for Turkish and [[Unicode]] for Esperanto.
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-4|Part 4]]
|''Latin-4'' <br />''North European''
|[[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Latvian language|Latvian]], [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]], [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]], and [[Sami languages|Sami]].
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-5|Part 5]]
|''Latin/Cyrillic''
|Covers mostly Slavic languages that use a [[Cyrillic]] alphabet, including [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] (partial<ref>missing Ґ/ґ characters were reintroduced into Ukrainian in 1991.</ref>).
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-6|Part 6]]
|''Latin/Arabic''
|Covers the most common [[Arabic language]] characters. Doesn't support other languages using the [[Arabic script]]. Needs to be [[BiDi]] and [[cursive joining]] processed for display.
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-7|Part 7]]
|''Latin/Greek''
|Covers the modern [[Greek language]] ([[monotonic orthography]]). Can also be used for Ancient [[Greek language|Greek]] written without accents or in monotonic orthography, but lacks the diacritics for [[polytonic orthography]]. These were introduced with Unicode.
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-8|Part 8]]
|''Latin/Hebrew''
|Covers the modern [[Hebrew alphabet]] as used in Israel. In practice two different encodings exist, logical order (needs to be [[BiDi]] processed for display) and visual (left-to-right) order (in effect, after bidi processing and line breaking).
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-9|Part 9]]
|''Latin-5'' <br />''Turkish''
|Largely the same as ISO 8859-1, replacing the rarely used [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] letters with [[Turkish language|Turkish]] ones. It is also used for [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]].
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-10|Part 10]]
|''Latin-6'' <br />''Nordic''
|a rearrangement of Latin-4. Considered more useful for Nordic languages. Baltic languages use Latin-4 more.
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-11|Part 11]]
|''Latin/Thai''
|Contains most characters needed for the [[Thai language]]. Same as [[TIS 620]].
|-
!non-existent <br/>[[ISO/IEC 8859-12|Part 12]]
|''Latin/Devanagari''
|The work in making a part of 8859 for [[Devanagari]] was officially abandoned in 1997. [[ISCII]] and [[Unicode]]/[[ISO/IEC 10646]] cover Devanagari.
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-13|Part 13]]
|''Latin-7'' <br />''Baltic Rim''
|Added some characters for Baltic languages which were missing from Latin-4 and Latin-6.
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-14|Part 14]]
|''Latin-8'' <br />''Celtic''
|Covers Celtic languages such as [[Scottish Gaelic language|Gaelic]] and the [[Breton language]].
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-15|Part 15]]
|''Latin-9''
|A revision of 8859-1 that removes some little-used symbols, replacing them with the [[euro sign]] ''€'' and the letters ''Š'', ''š'', ''Ž'', ''ž'', ''Œ'', ''œ'', and ''Ÿ'', which completes the coverage of [[French language|French]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]] and [[Estonian language|Estonian]].
|-
![[ISO/IEC 8859-16|Part 16]]
|''Latin-10'' <br />''South-Eastern European''
|Intended for [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]] and [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]], but also Finnish, French, German and [[Irish language|Irish Gaelic]] (new orthography). The focus lies more on letters than symbols. The [[Currency (typography)|currency sign]] is replaced with the [[euro sign]].
|}
<references />
Each part of ISO 8859 is designed to support languages that often borrow from each other, so the characters needed by each language are usually accommodated by a single part. However, there are some characters and language combinations that are not accommodated without transcriptions. Efforts were made to make conversions as smooth as possible. For example, German has all of its seven special characters at the same positions in all Latin variants (1-4, 9-10, 13-16), and in many positions the characters only differ in the diacritics between the sets. In particular, variants 1-4 were designed jointly, and have the property that every encoded character appears either at a given position or not at all.
=== Table ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Comparison of the various parts of ISO 8859
![[Binary numeral system|Binary]]!![[Octal|Oct]]!![[Decimal|Dec]]!![[Hexadecimal|Hex]]
!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!9!!10!!11!!13!!14!!15!!16
|-
!1010 0000!!240!!160!!A0
|colspan="16" |[[Non-breaking space]] (NBSP)
|-
!1010 0001!!241!!161!!A1
|[[¡]]||[[Ą]]||[[Ħ]]||[[Ą]]||[[Ё]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[‘]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[¡]]||[[Ą]]||[[ก]]||[[”]]||[[Ḃ]]||[[¡]]||[[Ą]]
|-
!1010 0010!!242!!162!!A2
|[[¢]]||colspan="2"|[[˘]]||[[ĸ]]||[[Ђ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[’]]||[[¢]]||[[¢]]||[[Ē]]||[[ข]]||[[¢]]||[[ḃ]]||[[¢]]||[[ą]]
|-
!1010 0011!!243!!163!!A3
|[[Pound sign|£]]||[[Ł]]||[[Pound sign|£]]||[[Ŗ]]||[[Ѓ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="3"|[[Pound sign|£]]||[[Ģ]]||[[ฃ]]||colspan="3"|[[Pound sign|£]]||[[Ł]]
|-
!1010 0100 !!244!!164!!A4
|colspan="4"|[[¤]]||[[Є]]||[[¤]]||style="background-color:#ffff99;"|[[euro sign|€]]||colspan="2"|[[¤]]||[[Ī]]||[[ค]]||[[¤]]||[[Ċ]]||colspan="2"|[[euro sign|€]]
|-
!1010 0101!!245!!165!!A5
|[[¥]]||[[Ľ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ĩ]]||[[Ѕ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||style="background-color:#ffff99;"|[[₯]]||colspan="2"|[[¥]]||[[Ĩ]]||[[ฅ]]||[[„]]||[[ċ]]||[[¥]]||[[„]]
|-
!1010 0110!!246!!166!!A6
|[[¦]]||[[Ś]]||[[Ĥ]]||[[Ļ]]||[[І]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="3"|[[¦]]||[[Ķ]]||[[ฆ]]||[[¦]]||[[Ḋ]]||colspan="2"|[[Š]]
|-
!1010 0111!!247!!167!!A7
|colspan="4"|[[§]]||[[Ї]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="4"|[[§]]||[[ง]]||colspan="4"|[[§]]
|-
!1010 1000!!250!!168!!A8
|colspan="4"|[[¨]]||[[Ј]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="3"|[[¨]]||[[Ļ]]||[[จ]]||[[Ø]]||[[Ẁ]]||colspan="2"|[[š]]
|-
!1010 1001!!251!!169!!A9
|[[©]]||[[Š]]||[[İ]]||[[Š]]||[[Љ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="3"|[[©]]||[[Đ]]||[[ฉ]]||colspan="4"|[[©]]
|-
!1010 1010!!252!!170!!AA
|[[ª]]||colspan="2"|[[Ş]]||[[Ē]]||[[Њ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||style="background-color:#ffff99;"|[[ͺ]]||[[×]]||[[ª]]||[[Š]]||[[ช]]||[[Ŗ]]||[[Ẃ]]||[[ª]]||[[Ș]]
|-
!1010 1011!!253!!171!!AB
|[[«]]||[[Ť]]||[[Ğ]]||[[Ģ]]||[[Ћ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="3"|[[«]]||[[Ŧ]]||[[ซ]]||[[«]]||[[ḋ]]||colspan="2"|[[«]]
|-
!1010 1100!!254!!172!!AC
|[[¬]]||[[Ź]]||[[Ĵ]]||[[Ŧ]]||[[Ќ]]||[[،]]||colspan="3"|[[¬]]||[[Ž]]||[[ฌ]]||[[¬]]||[[Ỳ]]||[[¬]]||[[Ź]]
|-
!1010 1101!!255!!173!!AD
|colspan=10 align=center|[[soft hyphen]] (SHY)||[[ญ]]||colspan=4 align=center|[[soft hyphen|SHY]]
|-
!1010 1110!!256!!174!!AE
|[[®]]||[[Ž]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ž]]||[[Ў]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|[[®]]||[[Ū]]||[[ฎ]]||colspan="3"|[[®]]||[[ź]]
|-
!1010 1111!!257!!175!!AF
|[[¯]]||colspan="2"|[[Ż]]||[[¯]]||[[Џ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[―]]||colspan="2"|[[¯]]||[[Ŋ]]||[[ฏ]]||[[Æ]]||[[Ÿ]]||[[¯]]||[[Ż]]
|-
!1011 0000!!260!!176!!B0
|colspan="4"|[[°]]||[[А]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="4"|[[°]]||[[ฐ]]||[[°]]||[[Ḟ]]||colspan="2"|[[°]]
|-
!1011 0001!!261!!177!!B1
|[[±]]||[[ą]]||[[ħ]]||[[ą]]||[[Б]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="3"|[[±]]||[[ą]]||[[ฑ]]||[[±]]||[[ḟ]]||colspan="2"|[[±]]
|-
!1011 0010!!262!!178!!B2
|[[²]]||[[˛]]||[[²]]||[[˛]]||[[В]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="3"|[[²]]||[[ē]]||[[ฒ]]||[[²]]||[[Ġ]]||[[²]]||[[Č]]
|-
!1011 0011!!263!!179!!B3
|[[³]]||[[ł]]||[[³]]||[[ŗ]]||[[Г]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="3"|[[³]]||[[ģ]]||[[ณ]]||[[³]]||[[ġ]]||[[³]]||[[ł]]
|-
!1011 0100!!264!!180!!B4
|colspan="4"|[[´]]||[[Д]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[΄]]||colspan="2"|[[´]]||[[ī]]||[[ด]]||[[“]]||[[Ṁ]]||colspan="2"|[[Ž]]
|-
!1011 0101!!265!!181!!B5
|[[µ]]||[[ľ]]||[[µ]]||[[ĩ]]||[[Е]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[΅]]||colspan="2"|[[µ]]||[[ĩ]]||[[ต]]||[[µ]]||[[ṁ]]||[[µ]]||[[”]]
|-
!1011 0110!!266!!182!!B6
|[[¶]]||[[ś]]||[[ĥ]]||[[ļ]]||[[Ж]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ά]]||colspan="2"|[[¶]]||[[ķ]]||[[ถ]]||colspan="4"|[[¶]]
|-
!1011 0111!!267!!183!!B7
|[[·]]||[[ˇ]]||[[·]]||[[ˇ]]||[[З]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="4"|[[·]]||[[ท]]||[[·]]||[[Ṗ]]||colspan="2"|[[·]]
|-
!1011 1000!!270!!184!!B8
|colspan="4"|[[¸]]||[[И]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Έ]]||colspan="2"|[[¸]]||[[ļ]]||[[ธ]]||[[ø]]||[[ẁ]]||colspan="2"|[[ž]]
|-
!1011 1001!!271!!185!!B9
|[[¹]]||[[š]]||[[ı]]||[[š]]||[[Й]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ή]]||colspan="2"|[[¹]]||[[đ]]||[[น]]||[[¹]]||[[ṗ]]||[[¹]]||[[č]]
|-
!1011 1010!!272!!186!!BA
|[[º]]||colspan="2"|[[ş]]||[[ē]]||[[К]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ί]]||[[÷]]||[[º]]||[[š]]||[[บ]]||[[ŗ]]||[[ẃ]]||[[º]]||[[ș]]
|-
!1011 1011!!273!!187!!BB
|[[»]]||[[ť]]||[[ğ]]||[[ģ]]||[[Л]]||[[؛]]||colspan="3"|[[»]]||[[ŧ]]||[[ป]]||[[»]]||[[Ṡ]]||colspan="2"|[[»]]
|-
!1011 1100!!274!!188!!BC
|[[¼]]||[[ź]]||[[ĵ]]||[[ŧ]]||[[М]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ό]]||colspan="2"|[[¼]]||[[ž]]||[[ผ]]||[[¼]]||[[ỳ]]||colspan="2"|[[Œ]]
|-
!1011 1101!!275!!189!!BD
|[[½]]||[[˝]]||[[½]]||[[Ŋ]]||[[Н]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="3"|[[½]]||[[―]]||[[ฝ]]||[[½]]||[[Ẅ]]||colspan="2"|[[œ]]
|-
!1011 1110!!276!!190!!BE
|[[¾]]||[[ž]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ž]]||[[О]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ύ]]||colspan="2"|[[¾]]||[[ū]]||[[พ]]||[[¾]]||[[ẅ]]||colspan="2"|[[Ÿ]]
|-
!1011 1111!!277!!191!!BF
|[[¿]]||colspan="2"|[[ż]]||[[ŋ]]||[[П]]||[[؟]]||[[Ώ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[¿]]||[[ŋ]]||[[ฟ]]||[[æ]]||[[ṡ]]||[[¿]]||[[ż]]
|-
!1100 0000!!300!!192!!C0
|[[À]]||[[Ŕ]]||[[À]]||[[Ā]]||[[Р]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ΐ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[À]]||[[Ā]]||[[ภ]]||[[Ą]]||colspan="3"|[[À]]
|-
!1100 0001!!301!!193!!C1
|colspan="4"|[[Á]]||[[С]]||[[ء]]||[[Α]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|[[Á]]||[[ม]]||[[Į]]||colspan="3"|[[Á]]
|-
!1100 0010!!302!!194!!C2
|colspan="4"|[[Â]]||[[Т]]||[[آ]]||[[Beta (letter)|Β]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|[[Â]]||[[ย]]||[[Ā]]||colspan="3"|[[Â]]
|-
!1100 0011!!303!!195!!C3
|[[Ã]]||[[Ă]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ã]]||[[У]]||[[أ]]||[[Γ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|[[Ã]]||[[ร]]||[[Ć]]||colspan="2"|[[Ã]]||[[Ă]]
|-
!1100 0100!!304!!196!!C4
|colspan="4"|[[Ä]]||[[Ф]]||[[ؤ]]||[[Δ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|[[Ä]]||[[ฤ]]||colspan="4"|[[Ä]]
|-
!1100 0101!!305!!197!!C5
|[[Å]]||[[Ĺ]]||[[Ċ]]||[[Å]]||[[Х]]||[[إ]]||[[Ε]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|[[Å]]||[[ล]]||colspan="3"|[[Å]]||[[Ć]]
|-
!1100 0110!!306!!198!!C6
|[[Æ]]||[[Ć]]||[[Ĉ]]||[[Æ]]||[[Ц]]||[[ئ]]||[[Ζ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|[[Æ]]||[[ฦ]]||[[Ę]]||colspan="3"|[[Æ]]
|-
!1100 0111!!307!!199!!C7
|colspan="3"|[[Ç]]||[[Į]]||[[Ч]]||[[ا]]||[[Η]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ç]]||[[Į]]||[[ว]]||[[Ē]]||colspan="3"|[[Ç]]
|-
!1100 1000!!310!!200!!C8
|[[È]]||[[Č]]||[[È]]||[[Č]]||[[Ш]]||[[ب]]||[[Θ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[È]]||[[Č]]||[[ศ]]||[[Č]]||colspan="3"|[[È]]
|-
!1100 1001!!311!!201!!C9
|colspan="4"|[[É]]||[[Щ]]||[[ة]]||[[Ι]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|[[É]]||[[ษ]]||colspan="4"|[[É]]
|-
!1100 1010!!312!!202!!CA
|[[Ê]]||[[Ę]]||[[Ê]]||[[Ę]]||[[Ъ]]||[[ت]]||[[Κ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ê]]||[[Ę]]||[[ส]]||[[Ź]]||colspan="3"|[[Ê]]
|-
!1100 1011!!313!!203!!CB
|colspan="4"|[[Ë]]||[[Ы]]||[[ث]]||[[Λ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|[[Ë]]||[[ห]]||[[Ė]]||colspan="3"|[[Ë]]
|-
!1100 1100!!314!!204!!CC
|[[Ì]]||[[Ě]]||[[Ì]]||[[Ė]]||[[Ь]]||[[ج]]||[[Μ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ì]]||[[Ė]]||[[ฬ]]||[[Ģ]]||colspan="3"|[[Ì]]
|-
!1100 1101!!315!!205!!CD
|colspan="4"|[[Í]]||[[Э]]||[[ح]]||[[Ν]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|[[Í]]||[[อ]]||[[Ķ]]||colspan="3"|[[Í]]
|-
!1100 1110!!316!!206!!CE
|colspan="4"|Î||[[Ю]]||[[خ]]||[[Ξ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|Î||[[ฮ]]||[[Ī]]||colspan="3"|Î
|-
!1100 1111!!317!!207!!CF
|Ï||[[Ď]]||Ï||[[Ī]]||[[Я]]||[[د]]||[[Ο]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|Ï||[[ฯ]]||[[Ļ]]||colspan="3"|Ï
|-
!1101 0000!!320!!208!!D0
|Ð||[[Đ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Đ]]||[[а]]||[[ذ]]||[[Π]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ğ]]||Ð||[[ะ]]||[[Š]]||[[Ŵ]]||colspan="2"|Ð
|-
!1101 0001!!321!!209!!D1
|Ñ||[[Ń]]||Ñ||[[Ņ]]||[[б]]||[[ر]]||[[Ρ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||Ñ||[[Ņ]]||[[ั]]||[[Ń]]||colspan="2"|Ñ||[[Ń]]
|-
!1101 0010!!322!!210!!D2
|Ò||[[Ň]]||Ò||[[Ō]]||[[в]]||[[ز]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||Ò||[[Ō]]||[[า]]||[[Ņ]]||colspan="3"|Ò
|-
!1101 0011!!323!!211!!D3
|colspan="3"|Ó||[[Ķ]]||[[г]]||[[س]]||[[Σ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|Ó||[[ำ]]||colspan="4"|Ó
|-
!1101 0100!!324!!212!!D4
|colspan="4"|Ô||[[д]]||[[ش]]||[[Τ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|Ô||[[ิ]]||[[Ō]]||colspan="3"|Ô
|-
!1101 0101!!325!!213!!D5
|Õ||[[Ő]]||[[Ġ]]||Õ||[[е]]||[[ص]]||[[Υ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|Õ||[[ี]]||colspan="4"|[[Ő]]
|-
!1101 0110!!326!!214!!D6
|colspan="4"|Ö||[[ж]]||[[ض]]||[[Φ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|Ö||[[ึ]]||colspan="4"|Ö
|-
!1101 0111!!327!!215!!D7
|colspan="4"|×||[[з]]||[[ط]]||[[Χ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||×||[[Ũ]]||[[ื]]||×||[[Ṫ]]||×||[[Ś]]
|-
!1101 1000!!330!!216!!D8
|Ø||[[Ř]]||[[Ĝ]]||Ø||[[и]]||[[ظ]]||[[Ψ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|Ø||[[ุ]]||[[Ų]]||colspan="2"|Ø||[[Ű]]
|-
!1101 1001!!331!!217!!D9
|Ù||[[Ů]]||Ù||[[Ų]]||[[й]]||[[ع]]||[[Ω]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||Ù||[[Ų]]||[[ู]]||[[Ł]]||colspan="3"|Ù
|-
!1101 1010!!332!!218!!DA
|colspan="4"|Ú||[[к]]||[[غ]]||[[Ϊ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|Ú||[[ฺ]]||[[Ś]]||colspan="3"|Ú
|-
!1101 1011!!333!!219!!DB
|Û||[[Ű]]||colspan="2"|Û||[[л]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ϋ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|Û||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ū]]||colspan="3"|Û
|-
!1101 1100!!334!!220!!DC
|colspan="4"|Ü||[[м]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ά]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|Ü||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="4"|Ü
|-
!1101 1101!!335!!221!!DD
|colspan="2"|Ý||[[Ŭ]]||[[Ũ]]||[[н]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[έ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[İ]]||Ý||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ż]]||colspan="2"|Ý||[[Ę]]
|-
!1101 1110!!336!!222!!DE
|Þ||[[Ţ]]||[[Ŝ]]||[[Ū]]||[[о]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ή]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ş]]||Þ||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[Ž]]||[[Ŷ]]||Þ||[[Ț]]
|-
!1101 1111!!337!!223!!DF
|colspan="4"|ß||[[п]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ί]]||[[‗]]||colspan="2"|ß||[[฿]]||colspan="4"|ß
|-
!1110 0000!!340!!224!!E0
|à||[[ŕ]]||à||[[ā]]||[[р]]||[[ـ]]||[[ΰ]]||[[א]]||à||[[ā]]||[[เ]]||[[ą]]||colspan="3"|à
|-
!1110 0001!!341!!225!!E1
|colspan="4"|á||[[с]]||[[ف]]||[[α]]||[[ב]]||colspan="2"|á||[[แ]]||[[į]]||colspan="3"|á
|-
!1110 0010!!342!!226!!E2
|colspan="4"|â||[[т]]||[[ق]]||[[Beta (letter)|β]]||[[ג]]||colspan="2"|â||[[โ]]||[[ā]]||colspan="3"|â
|-
!1110 0011!!343!!227!!E3
|ã||[[ă]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||ã||[[у]]||[[ك]]||[[γ]]||[[ד]]||colspan="2"|ã||[[ใ]]||[[ć]]||colspan="2"|ã||[[ă]]
|-
!1110 0100!!344!!228!!E4
|colspan="4"|ä||[[ф]]||[[ل]]||[[δ]]||[[ה]]||colspan="2"|ä||[[ไ]]||colspan="4"|ä
|-
!1110 0101!!345!!229!!E5
|å||[[ĺ]]||[[ċ]]||å||[[х]]||[[م]]||[[ε]]||[[ו]]||colspan="2"|å||[[ๅ]]||colspan="3"|å||[[ć]]
|-
!1110 0110!!346!!230!!E6
|æ||[[ć]]||[[ĉ]]||æ||[[ц]]||[[ن]]||[[ζ]]||[[ז]]||colspan="2"|æ||[[ๆ]]||[[ę]]||colspan="3"|æ
|-
!1110 0111!!347!!231!!E7
|colspan="3"|[[ç]]||[[į]]||[[ч]]||[[ه]]||[[η]]||[[ח]]||[[ç]]||[[į]]||[[็]]||[[ē]]||colspan="3"|[[ç]]
|-
!1110 1000!!350!!232!!E8
|[[è]]||[[č]]||[[è]]||[[č]]||[[ш]]||[[و]]||[[θ]]||[[ט]]||[[è]]||[[č]]||[[่]]||[[č]]||colspan="3"|[[è]]
|-
!1110 1001!!351!!233!!E9
|colspan="4"|[[é]]||[[щ]]||[[ى]]||[[ι]]||[[י]]||colspan="2"|[[é]]||[[้]]||colspan="4"|[[é]]
|-
!1110 1010!!352!!234!!EA
|[[ê]]||[[ę]]||[[ê]]||[[ę]]||[[ъ]]||[[ي]]||[[κ]]||[[ך]]||[[ê]]||[[ę]]||[[๊]]||[[ź]]||colspan="3"|[[ê]]
|-
!1110 1011!!353!!235!!EB
|colspan="4"|[[ë]]||[[ы]]||[[ً]]||[[λ]]||[[כ]]||colspan="2"|[[ë]]||[[๋]]||[[ė]]||colspan="3"|[[ë]]
|-
!1110 1100!!354!!236!!EC
|[[ì]]||[[ě]]||[[ì]]||[[ė]]||[[ь]]||[[ٌ]]||[[μ]]||[[ל]]||[[ì]]||[[ė]]||[[์]]||[[ģ]]||colspan="3"|[[ì]]
|-
!1110 1101!!355!!237!!ED
|colspan="4"|[[í]]||[[э]]||[[ٍ]]||[[ν]]||[[ם]]||colspan="2"|[[í]]||[[ํ]]||[[ķ]]||colspan="3"|[[í]]
|-
!1110 1110!!356!!238!!EE
|colspan="4"|î||[[ю]]||[[َ]]||[[ξ]]||[[מ]]||colspan="2"|î||[[๎]]||[[ī]]||colspan="3"|î
|-
!1110 1111!!357!!239!!EF
|ï||[[ď]]||ï||[[ī]]||[[я]]||[[ُ]]||[[ο]]||[[ן]]||colspan="2"|ï||[[๏]]||[[ļ]]||colspan="3"|ï
|-
!1111 0000!!360!!240!!F0
|ð||[[đ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[đ]]||[[ȑ]]||[[ِ]]||[[π]]||[[נ]]||[[ğ]]||ð||[[๐]]||[[š]]||[[ŵ]]||ð||[[đ]]
|-
!1111 0001!!361!!241!!F1
|ñ||[[ń]]||ñ||[[ņ]]||[[ё]]||[[ّ]]||[[ρ]]||[[ס]]||ñ||[[ņ]]||[[๑]]||[[ń]]||colspan="2"|ñ||[[ń]]
|-
!1111 0010!!362!!242!!F2
|ò||[[ň]]||ò||[[ō]]||[[ђ]]||[[ْ]]||[[ς]]||[[ע]]||ò||[[ō]]||[[๒]]||[[ņ]]||colspan="3"|ò
|-
!1111 0011!!363!!243!!F3
|colspan="3"|ó||[[ķ]]||[[ѓ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[σ]]||[[ף]]||colspan="2"|ó||[[๓]]||colspan="4"|ó
|-
!1111 0100!!364!!244!!F4
|colspan="4"|ô||[[є]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[τ]]||[[פ]]||colspan="2"|ô||[[๔]]||[[ō]]||colspan="3"|ô
|-
!1111 0101!!365!!245!!F5
|õ||[[ő]]||[[ġ]]||õ||[[ѕ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[υ]]||[[ץ]]||colspan="2"|õ||[[๕]]||colspan="4"|[[ő]]
|-
!1111 0110!!366!!246!!F6
|colspan="4"|ö||[[і]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[φ]]||[[צ]]||colspan="2"|ö||[[๖]]||colspan="4"|ö
|-
!1111 0111!!367!!247!!F7
|colspan="4"|÷||[[ї]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[χ]]||[[ק]]||÷||[[ũ]]||[[๗]]||÷||[[ṫ]]||÷||[[ś]]
|-
!1111 1000!!370!!248!!F8
|ø||[[ř]]||[[ĝ]]||ø||[[ј]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ψ]]||[[ר]]||colspan="2"|ø||[[๘]]||[[ų]]||colspan="2"|ø||[[ű]]
|-
!1111 1001!!371!!249!!F9
|ù||[[ů]]||ù||[[ų]]||[[љ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ω]]||[[ש]]||ù||[[ų]]||[[๙]]||[[ł]]||colspan="3"|ù
|-
!1111 1010!!372!!250!!FA
|colspan="4"|ú||[[њ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ϊ]]||[[ת]]||colspan="2"|ú||[[๚]]||[[ś]]||colspan="3"|ú
|-
!1111 1011!!373!!251!!FB
|û||[[ű]]||colspan="2"|û||[[ћ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ϋ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|û||[[๛]]||[[ū]]||colspan="3"|û
|-
!1111 1100!!374!!252!!FC
|colspan="4"|ü||[[ќ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ό]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="2"|ü||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||colspan="4"|ü
|-
!1111 1101!!375!!253!!FD
|colspan="2"|ý||[[ŭ]]||[[ũ]]||§||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ύ]]||style="background-color:#ffff99;"|''LRM''||[[ı]]||ý||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ż]]||colspan="2"|ý||[[ę]]
|-
!1111 1110!!376!!254!!FE
|þ||[[ţ]]||[[ŝ]]||[[ū]]||[[ў]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ώ]]||style="background-color:#ffff99;"|''RLM''||[[ş]]||þ||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[ž]]||[[ŷ]]||þ||[[ț]]
|-
!1111 1111!!377!!255!!FF
|ÿ||colspan="3"|[[˙]]||[[џ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||ÿ||[[ĸ]]||style="background-color:#ccffcc;"| ||[[’]]||colspan="3"|ÿ
|}
At position 0xA0 there's always the non breaking space and 0xAD is mostly the soft hyphen, which only shows at line breaks. Other empty fields are either <font style="background:#ccffcc; font-style: italic;">unassigned</font> or the system used isn't able to display them.
There are <font style="background-color:#ffff99; font-style: italic;">new additions</font> as ISO/IEC 8859-7:2003 and ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999 versions. LRM stands for left-to-right mark (U+200E) and RLM stands for right-to-left mark (U+200F).
== Relationship to Unicode and the UCS ==
<!-- this could do with some trimming a lot of what's in here isn't really relevant to this article [[User:Plugwash|Plugwash]] 11:55, [[21 June]] [[2005]] (UTC)-->
Since 1991, the Unicode Consortium has been working with ISO to develop the [[Unicode|Unicode Standard]] and [[Universal Character Set|ISO/IEC 10646: the Universal Character Set]] (UCS) in tandem. This pair of standards was created to unify the ISO 8859 character repertoire, among others, by assigning each character, initially, to a 16-bit code value, with some code values left unassigned. Over time, their models adapted to map characters to abstract numeric code points rather than fixed bit-width values, so that more code points and encoding methods could be supported.
Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 currently assign about 100,000 characters to a code space consisting of over a million code points, and they define several standard encodings that are capable of representing every available code point. The standard encodings of Unicode and the UCS use sequences of one to four 8-bit code values ([[UTF-8]]), sequences of one or two 16-bit code values ([[UTF-16]]), or one 32-bit code value ([[UTF-32]] or [[UCS-4]]). There is also an older encoding that uses one 16-bit code value ([[UCS-2]]), capable of representing one-seventeenth of the available code points. Of these encoding forms, only UTF-8's byte sequences are in a fixed order; the others are subject to platform-dependent [[Endianness|byte ordering]] issues that may be addressed via special codes or indicated via [[out-of-band]] means.
Newer editions of ISO 8859 express characters in terms of their Unicode/UCS names and the ''U+nnnn'' notation, effectively causing each part of ISO 8859 to be a Unicode/UCS character encoding scheme that maps a very small subset of the UCS to single 8-bit bytes. The first 256 characters in Unicode and the UCS are identical to those in ISO-8859-1.
Single-byte character sets including the parts of ISO 8859 and derivatives of them were favored throughout the 1990s, having the advantages of being well-established and more easily implemented in software: the equation of one byte to one character is simple and adequate for most single-language applications, and there are no combining characters or variant forms.
As the relative cost, in computing resources, of using more than one byte per character began to diminish, programming languages and operating systems added native support for Unicode alongside their system of [[code page]]s. [[Windows NT]] was quite an early adopter of Unicode. However Unicode support in [[Windows 9x]] required linking with a special compatibility layer or restricting your design to a very small subset of the Windows API discouraging its use. As Unicode-enabled operating systems became more widespread, ISO 8859 and other legacy encodings became less popular. While remnants of ISO 8859 and single-byte character models remain entrenched in many operating systems, programming languages, data storage systems, networking applications, display hardware, and end-user application software, most modern computing applications use Unicode internally, and rely on conversion tables to map to and from other encodings, when necessary.
== Development status ==
The ISO/IEC 8859 standard was maintained by ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 2, Working Group 3 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3). In June 2004, WG 3 disbanded, and maintenance duties were transferred to SC 2. The standard is not currently being updated, as the Subcommittee's only remaining [[working group]], WG 2, is concentrating on development of [[Universal character set|ISO/IEC 10646]].
== References ==
* Published versions of each part of ISO/IEC 8859 are available, for a fee, from the [http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/stdsdevelopment/tc/tclist/TechnicalCommitteeStandardsListPage.TechnicalCommitteeStandardsList?COMMID=23 ISO catalogue site] and from the [http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/find.asp?find_spec=8859 ANSI eStandards Store].
* PDF versions of the final drafts of some parts of ISO/IEC 8859 as submitted for review & publication by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 are available at the [http://anubis.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG3/ WG 3 web site]:
** [http://anubis.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG3/docs/n411.pdf ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998] - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1 ''(draft dated [[February 12]] [[1998]], published [[April 15]] [[1998]])''
** [http://anubis.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG3/docs/n413.pdf ISO/IEC 8859-4:1998] - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 4: Latin alphabet No. 4 ''(draft dated [[February 12]] [[1998]], published [[July 1]] [[1998]])''
** [http://anubis.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/open/02n3329.pdf ISO/IEC 8859-7:1999] - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 7: Latin/Greek alphabet ''(draft dated [[June 10]] [[1999]]; superseded by ISO/IEC 8859-7:2003, published [[October 10]] [[2003]])''
** [http://anubis.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG3/docs/n415.pdf ISO/IEC 8859-10:1998] - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 10: Latin alphabet No. 6 ''(draft dated [[February 12]] [[1998]], published [[July 15]] [[1998]])''
** [http://anubis.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/open/02n3333.pdf ISO/IEC 8859-11:1999] - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 11: Latin/Thai character set ''(draft dated [[June 22]] [[1999]]; superseded by ISO/IEC 8859-11:2001, published [[15 December]] [[2001]])''
** [http://anubis.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG3/docs/n451.pdf ISO/IEC 8859-13:1998] - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 13: Latin alphabet No. 7 ''(draft dated [[April 15]] [[1998]], published [[October 15]] [[1998]])''
** [http://anubis.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG3/docs/n404.pdf ISO/IEC 8859-15:1998] - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 15: Latin alphabet No. 9 ''(draft dated [[August 1]] [[1997]]; superseded by ISO/IEC 8859-15:1999, published [[March 15]] [[1999]])''
** [http://anubis.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/open/02n3389.pdf ISO/IEC 8859-16:2000] - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 16: Latin alphabet No. 10 ''(draft dated [[November 15]] [[1999]]; superseded by ISO/IEC 8859-16:2001, published [[July 15]] [[2001]])''
* [[European Computer Manufacturers Association|ECMA]] standards, which in intent correspond exactly to the ISO/IEC 8859 character set standards, can be found at:
** [http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-094.htm Standard ECMA-94]: 8-Bit Single Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin Alphabets No. 1 to No. 4 ''2nd edition (June 1986)''
** [http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-113.htm Standard ECMA-113]: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin/Cyrillic Alphabet ''3rd edition (December 1999)''
** [http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-114.htm Standard ECMA-114]: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin/Arabic Alphabet ''2nd edition (December 2000)''
** [http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-118.htm Standard ECMA-118]: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin/Greek Alphabet ''(December 1986)''
** [http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-121.htm Standard ECMA-121]: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin/Hebrew Alphabet ''2nd edition (December 2000)''
** [http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-128.htm Standard ECMA-128]: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin Alphabet No. 5 ''2nd edition (December 1999)''
** [http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-144.htm Standard ECMA-144]: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Character Sets - Latin Alphabet No. 6 ''3rd edition (December 2000)''
* ISO/IEC 8859-1 to Unicode [ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859 mapping tables] as plain text files are at the Unicode FTP site.
* Informal descriptions and code charts for most ISO 8859 standards are available in [http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html ISO 8859 Alphabet Soup] [http://www.lysator.liu.se/~jmo/czyborra_index.html (Mirror)]
{{character encoding}}
[[Category:ISO 8859|*]]
[[Category:Character sets]]
[[Category:ISO standards|#08859]]
[[Category:IEC standards]]
[[Category:Ecma standards]]
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