Ibiza 63624 226074311 2008-07-16T18:39:22Z Arcayne 1348722 /* In popular culture */ missed a few line breaks - got 'em now {{Refimprove|date=November 2007}} {{Infobox Autonomous community |name = Ibiza |full-name = |flag = Ibiza flag.svg |coat-of-arms = Escut d'Eivissa.svg |anthem = |map = Localització d'Eivissa respecte les Illes Balears.svg | location = [[Mediterranean Sea]] | coordinates = {{coor d|38.98|N|1.43|E|}}| |capital = [[Ibiza Town]] (La Villa) |language = [[Spanish Language|Castillan Spanish]]<br>[[Catalan language|Catalan]]; and<br>[[English language|English]] |area = 571 |area-rank = 17th |area-magnitude = E9 |area-percent = .5% |pop = 113,908 |pop-rank = 14% |pop-percent = 2.4% |pop-date = 2006 |density = 199.5 |english-name = Ibiza |spanish-name = Ibiza |local-lang = [[Catalan language|Catalan]] |local-name = Eivissa (Catalan, restored in 1986) |autonomy = [[March 1]], [[1983]] |congress = 8 |senate = 6 (5 elected and 1 appointed) |president = [[Francesc Antich Oliver]] ([[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSIB-PSOE]]) |president-link = List of Asturian Presidents |code = IB |website = }} {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture | Image | State Party = {{ESP}} | Type = Mixed | Criteria = ii, iii, iv, ix, x | ID = 417 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Southern Europe]] | Year = 1999 | Session = 23rd | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/417 }} '''Ibiza''' ([[Catalan language|Catalan]]: '''Eivissa''') is the third largest of the fifty [[Balearic Islands]] located in the [[Mediterranean Sea]], about 80 km off the coast and an autonomous community of [[Spain]]. With [[Formentera]], it is one of the two [[Pine Islands]]. Its largest cities are [[Ibiza Town]] (Catalan:''Vila d'Eivissa'' or simply ''Vila''), [[Santa Eulària des Riu]] and [[Sant Antoni de Portmany]]. ''Eivissa'' is the official [[Catalan language|Catalan]] name ({{pronounced|əjˈvisə}}), but the name in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] is Ibiza (usually pronounced using the [[Spanish language|Castilian]] variation {{IPA|[iˈβ̞iθa]}}, often manifested by English speakers {{IPAEng|aɪˈbiːθə}}, {{IPAEng|ɪˈbiːtsə}}) or {{IPAEng|aɪˈbiːsʌ}}). The island of Ibiza is well-known for its summer club parties which attract large numbers of tourists, but the island and the Spanish Tourist Office have been working to shed the prevailing "sex-and-alcohol" image in order to promote more family-oriented tourism.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3583280.stm BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Ibiza: Still having it large?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Noted clubs include [[Space (Ibiza nightclub)|Space]], [[Pacha]], [[Privilege Ibiza|Privilege]] (ex Ku), [[Amnesia (nightclub)|Amnesia]], [[DC10 (nightclub)|DC10]], Eden and [[Es Paradis]].<ref name="unplugged">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2006/jul/01/balearicislands.filminspiredtravel.spain|title=Ibiza unplugged|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=2006-07-01}}</ref> It is also home to the 'West End' party district of Sant Antoni, a popular stop for many tourists.<ref name="unplugged"/> ==History== In [[654 BC]] [[Phoenicia]]n settlers founded a port in the Balearic Islands, as ''Ibossim'' (from the Phoenician ''iboshim'' dedicated to the goddess of the music and dance [[Bes]])<ref>[http://www.liveibiza.com/ibiza_literature/god_bes_ibiza.htm Ibiza Literature,Literature in Ibiza<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. It was later known to Romans as "Ebusus". The [[Greeks]], who came to Ibiza during the time of the Phoenicians, were the first to call the two islands of Ibiza and Formentera the ''Pitiusas'' ("pine-covered islands"; a translation of the Phoenician name).<ref>[http://ibiza-tourism.info/history.html Ibiza Website :: History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> With the decline of [[Phoenicia]] after the [[Assyria]]n invasions, Ibiza came under the control of [[Carthage]], also a former Phoenician colony. The island produced dye, salt, fish sauce ([[garum]]), and wool. A shrine with offerings to the goddess [[Tanit]] was established in the cave at [[Es Culleram]], and the rest of the Balearic Islands entered Eivissa's commercial orbit after [[400 BC]]. Ibiza was a major trading post along the Mediterranean routes. Ibiza began establishing its own trading stations along the nearby Balearic island of [[Mallorca]] such as '''Na Guardis''', from which large quantities of renowned Balearic slingers were hired as mercenaries who fought for Carthage. During the [[Second Punic War]], the island was assaulted by the two [[Scipio (cognomen)|Scipio]] brothers [[209 BC]] but remained loyal to Carthage. With Carthaginian military luck running out on the [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberia]]n mainland, Ibiza was last used by the fleeing Carthaginian General Mago to gather supplies and men before sailing to Menorca and then to Liguria. Ibiza negotiated a favorable treaty with the [[Roman Republic|Romans]], which spared Ibiza from further destruction and allowed it to continue its Carthaginian-Punic institutions well into the Empire days, when it became an official Roman municipality. For this reason, Ibiza today offers excellent examples of late Carthaginian-Punic civilization. During the Roman Empire, the island became a quiet imperial outpost, removed from the important trading routes of the time. After the fall of the Roman empire and a brief period of first [[Vandal]] and then [[Byzantine]] rule, the island was conquered by the [[Moors]], as well as much of the Iberian peninsula. Under Islamic rule, Ibiza came in close contact with the city of [[Dénia]] (the closest port in the nearby Iberian peninsula, located in the [[Land of Valencia]]) as the two areas were administered jointly by the same [[taifa]]. Moreover, the tribes who lived in Ibiza and Denia during the period 1060–1085 were Moorish tribes named Bno-Alaglab & Bano-Mujahed. The island was reclaimed for Christendom by Aragonese King [[James I of Aragon]] in 1235. Since then, the island has had its own self-government in several forms but in 1715 King [[Philip V of Spain]] abolished the local government's autonomy. The arrival of democracy in the late seventies led to the Statute of Autonomy of the Balearic Islands. Today the island is part of the Balearic Autonomous Community, along with [[Mallorca]], [[Minorca]] and [[Formentera]]. ==Climate== The climate of Ibiza is [[Mediterranean Climate|Mediterranean]] and has milder winters but slightly cooler summers than [[Majorca]]. The winters are generally mild with temperatures around {{convert|15|C|F|sigfig=2|lk=on}} during the day and {{convert|8|C|F}} at night. The hottest time of the year is July and August with temperatures reaching {{convert|30|C|F|sigfig=2}} most afternoons. The lowest recorded temperature in Ibiza is {{convert|-5|C|F|sigfig=2}}, the highest is {{convert|37|C|F|sigfig=2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/vacationplanner/vacationclimatology/monthly/SPXX0044|title=Monthly Weather Averages and Records for Ibiza, Spain|publisher=weather.com|accessdate=2008-04-09}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;" ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080" height="17" |Month ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Jan ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Feb ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Mar ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Apr ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | May ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Jun ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Jul ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Aug ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Sep ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Oct ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Nov ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Dec |- ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" |Avg high °C | style="background: #DDDDDD; color:#000000;" | 15.8 | style="background: #DDDDDD; color:#000000;" | 16.1 | style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" | 18.2 | style="background: #FFFF99; color:#000000;" | 20.4 | style="background: #FFCC66; color:#000000;" | 23.3 | style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000;" | 27.6 | style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" | 29.8 | style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000;" | 30.4 | style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000;" | 27.7 | style="background: #FFCC66; color:#000000;" | 24.3 | style="background: #FFFF99; color:#000000;" | 19.3 | style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" | 16.6 |- ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" |Avg high °F | style="background: #DDDDDD; color:#000000;" | 60.44 | style="background: #DDDDDD; color:#000000;" | 60.98 | style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" | 64.76 | style="background: #FFFF99; color:#000000;" | 68.72 | style="background: #FFCC66; color:#000000;" | 73.94 | style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000;" | 81.68 | style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" | 85.64 | style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000;" | 86.72 | style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000;" | 81.86 | style="background: #FFCC66; color:#000000;" | 75.74 | style="background: #FFFF99; color:#000000;" | 66.74 | style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" | 61.88 |} ==Tourism== ===Nightlife=== [[Image:West End Sant Antoni.jpg|150px|thumb|right|300px|Sant Antoni]] Ibiza is considered a popular tourist destination, especially due to its legendary and at times riotous nightlife centered around two areas: [[Ibiza Town]], the island's capital on the southern shore and [[Sant Antoni de Portmany|Sant Antoni]] to the West.<ref name="unplugged"/> Well-known nightclubs are [[Privilege Ibiza|Privilege]] (the largest club in the world), Eden (the busiest nightclub in Sant Antoni), [[Es Paradis|Es Paradís]] (noted for its water parties), [[Amnesia (nightclub)|Amnesia]] (known for [[Foam party|foam parties]]), [[Space (Ibiza nightclub)|Space]] (an [[afterparty]] club), [[Pacha]], and [[DC10 (nightclub)|DC10]].<ref name="unplugged"/> These clubs have become the centre of the worldwide electronic music movement. During the summer, well-known [[Disc jockey|DJs]] perform at the various clubs on weekly schedules, in between touring to other international destinations. Many of these DJs use Ibiza as an outlet for presenting new songs within the [[House music|house]] and [[Trance music|trance]] genres of [[electronic dance]] music. The season traditionally begins at the start of June with [[Space (Ibiza nightclub)|Space]] and [[DC10 (nightclub)|DC10]]'s opening parties and finishes on the first weekend of October with the Closing Parties. A typical schedule for clubbers going to Ibiza includes waking at noon, early evening naps, late night clubbing, and "disco sunrises". Due to Ibiza's notable tolerance toward misbehavior from young adult tourists, it has acquired the [[sobriquet]] "[[Sodom and Gomorrah|Gomorrah]] of the Med". Also well-known is [[Café del Mar]], a long-standing bar where many tourists traditionally view the sunset made famous by [[José Padilla (musician)|José Padilla]]. That and other bars close by have become an increasingly popular venue for club pre-parties after sunset, hosting such DJ performers as [[Roger Sanchez]], [[David Morales]], [[Frankie Knuckles]], [[Judge Jules]], [[Pete Tong]], [[Paul Oakenfold]], [[Paul Van Dyk]], [[Sasha (DJ)|Sasha]], [[John Digweed]], [[Erick Morillo]] and [[David Guetta]]. The island's government is trying to encourage a more cultured and quieter tourism scene, passing rules including the closing of all nightclubs by 6am at the latest, and requiring all new hotels to be 5-star.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2007/nov/18/escape.balearicislands|title=Is the party over in Ibiza?|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=2007-11-18}}</ref> The belgian paper, ''De Morgen'', accuses "The British" of having "singlehandedly ruined the Spanish island Ibiza".<ref>http://www.brusselsjournal.com/node/213</ref> ===World Heritage Site=== Though primarily known for its party scene, large portions of the island are registered as U.N. [[World Heritage Site]]s, and thus protected from the development and commercialization of the main cities. A notable example includes "God's Finger" in the Benirràs Bay as well as some of the more traditional Ibicenco cultural sites. Because of its rustic beauty, companies and artists alike frequently use the island for photographic and film shoots. A monument ([[Sant Antoni de Portmany#The Egg|"The Egg"]]) erected in honour of [[Christopher Columbus]] can be found in Sant Antoni: Ibiza is one of several places purporting to be his birthplace. However, any time other than summer, the whole island is empty of tourists and most clubs are not open (only Pacha is open all year round). Tourists who plan to travel to the island prior to June or after September should expect a quieter time with more unsettled weather. [[El Vedrà]] can be seen from all over the island, and some claim it is the third most magnetic point on Earth (after the [[North Pole]] and the [[Bermuda Triangle]]).{{Fact|date=September 2007}} <!-- See discussion page for El Vedrà --> ===Notable tourist destinations=== <gallery widths="220px" heights="160px" perrow="3"> Image:Ibiza.Nono.jpg|Eivissa, Cala de sa Galera, with the Puig Nunó in the background Image:mark 042.jpg|The beach at Es Canar Image:San Antonio.jpg|Sant Antoni de Portmany from afar </gallery> ==Administration== [[Image:Localització de la ciutat d'Eivissa.png|thumb|right|Municipalities of Ibiza and [[Formentera]]. Ibiza Town is highlighted.]] Ibiza is administratively part of the [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous community]] of the [[Balearic Islands]], whose capital is [[Palma de Mallorca|Palma]], on the island of [[Mallorca]]. Ibiza comprises five of [[List of municipalities in Balearic Islands|the community's 67 municipalities]]. Clockwise from the south coast, these are: *[[Sant Josep de sa Talaia]] *[[Sant Antoni de Portmany]] *[[Sant Joan de Labritja]] *[[Santa Eulària des Riu]] *[[Ibiza Town]] (Eivissa/Vila) These municipalities had a total population of 88,076 inhabitants (as of the [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|2001 census]]) and have a land area of 572.56 km² (221.07 sq mi). ==In popular culture== A number of novels have been written using Ibiza as the setting: *''The Ibiza Syndicate'' by Bill Reade<ref>{{cite book |title= The Ibiza Syndicate|last= Reade|first= Bill|authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 1975|publisher= St. Martin's Press|location= New York|isbn= 978-0213165154|pages= 172}}</ref><br> *''Soma Blues'' by Robert Sheckley<ref>{{cite book |title= Soma Blues|last= Sheckley|first= Robert|authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 1997|publisher= Forge/Tom Doherty Associates|location= New York|isbn= 0-312-86273-3|pages= 222}}</ref><br> *''A Short Life on a Sunny Isle: An Alphonse Dantan Mystery'' by Hannah Blank<ref>{{cite book |title= A Short Life on a Sunny Isle: An Alphonse Dantan Mystery|last= Blank|first= Hannah|authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2002|publisher= Hightrees/Prism Corporation|location= New York|isbn= 0-9652778-4-4|pages= 221}}</ref><br> *''They Are Ruining Ibiza'' by A.C. Greene <ref>{{cite book |title= They Are Ruining Ibiza|last= Greene|first= A.C.|authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 1998|publisher= University of North Texas Press|location= Denton, TX|isbn= 1-57441-0423|pages= 123}}</ref> [[More]], a Barbet Schroeder film featuring a soundtrack by [[Pink Floyd]] takes place on the island of Ibiza. There also exists a genre of [[dance music]] named after Ibiza dubbed [[Balearic Beat]], similarly to the way [[Goa trance]] is named after [[Goa|Goa, India]].<ref>Gilbert, Jeremy; Pearson, Ewan. ''Discographies: Dance Music, Culture, and the Politics of Sound''. Routledge. 1999. ISBN 041517032X. "The musics which fed into acid house and the developing culture were various too; the heterogeneous sounds of the 'Balearic beat' which helped define it did not constitute a discrete musical genre, but an unholy mix of, among other things, hip hop, house, Mediterranean pop and indie rock. DJs' playlists temporarily situated highly disparate musics beside one another. Musical miscegenation reunited several of the dance forms that had emerged after disco, mixing American and European dance musics. Though house music was the dominant mode, the rapid proliferation of styles and sub-genres which followed in its wake, for a short time at least, kept dancefloors moving to a range of grooves."</ref> The style tries to reflect the atmosphere of Ibiza.<ref>Evans, Helen. [http://hehe.org.free.fr/hehe/texte/rave/ Out of Sight, Out of Mind: An Analysis of Rave culture]. Wimbledon School of Art, London. 1992. "It was in the upmarket clubs of Ibiza: [[Pacha]], [[Amnesia (nightclub)|Amnesia]], Glory's and Manhattans, that Balearic beat was created. DJ's would mix together musical forms as diverse as 'Public Enemy' and 'The Woodentops', to create that eclectic, highly danceable, don't care holiday feel."</ref> The atmosphere is brought on with the use of synthesized string instruments, the sound of waves, mandolins and guitars, and wispy vocals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiza.uk.com/amnesia.htm|title=Ibiza Travel Guide - Amnesia|publisher=ibiza.uk.com|accessdate=2008-04-09}}</ref> Popular tracks in this genre include: *''Seven Cities'' ([[Solarstone]]) *''Offshore'' ([[Chicane (recording artist)|Chicane]]) *''Spanish Fly'' (Wayne Numan) *''Beachball'' ([[Nalin & Kane]]) *''[[The Devil Went Down to Ibiza]]'' ([[Alabama 3]]) *''First State'' (First State) *"[[Café del Mar (single)|Café del Mar]]" ([[Energy 52]]) *''Return to Ibiza'' (Brad Smith) *''This is Ibiza'' ([[Sander Kleinenberg]]) *''Ibiza'' [[Delta Dreams|(Delta Dreams)]] *''Seize-Strike (Ibiza 2007 Remix'' (Rachel loren) *''People from Ibiza'' (Sandy Marton) *"[[Hold You]]" ([[ATB]]) *" Ibiza Dreams'' DJ HMX ==References== {{reflist}} == External links == {{commons|Ibiza}} {{sisterlinks|Ibiza}} * {{wikitravel}} *[http://www.ibiza.com ibiza.com - A Directory About Ibiza] *[http://www.conselldeivissa.es ''Consell Insular d'Eivissa'' (local government)] *[http://www.ibiza.travel/en/ ''Official tourism portal of Ibiza - Consell Insular d'Eivissa''] *[http://www.eivissa.org/chkLanguage.php?chk_lang=3 Official City Council Site] *[http://www.eivissaweb.com/map-ibiza/ Map of Ibiza (Google Maps Mashup)] *[http://www.toibiza.com/en/home.html/ ToIbiza.com - Ibiza destination Guide] {{Municipalities in the Balearic Islands}} {{World Heritage Sites in Spain}} <!--Categories--> [[Category:Ibiza| ]] [[Category:Islands of the Balearic Islands]] [[Category:Phoenician colonies]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Spain]] [[Category:Tourism in Spain]] <!--Other languages--> [[ar:إيبيزا]] [[ast:Ibiza]] [[bg:Ибиса]] [[ca:Illa d'Eivissa]] [[cs:Ibiza]] [[da:Ibiza]] [[de:Ibiza]] [[et:Eivissa]] [[el:Ίμπιζα]] [[es:Ibiza (isla)]] [[eo:Ibizo]] [[eu:Eivissako uhartea]] [[fr:Ibiza]] [[gl:Eivissa]] [[hr:Ibiza]] [[id:Ibiza]] [[it:Ibiza (isola)]] [[he:איביזה]] [[ka:ივისა]] [[la:Ebusus]] [[hu:Ibiza]] [[nl:Ibiza (eiland)]] [[ja:イビサ島]] [[no:Ibiza]] [[pl:Ibiza]] [[pt:Ibiza]] [[ksh:Ibbiza]] [[ro:Ibiza]] [[ru:Ивиса]] [[simple:Ibiza]] [[sk:Ibiza]] [[fi:Ibiza]] [[sv:Ibiza]] [[tr:İbiza]] [[uk:Ібіца]] [[zh:伊维萨岛]]