Ilocos Region
299413
224793596
2008-07-10T13:06:28Z
122.52.68.125
/* Pangasinan */
{{refimprove|date=January 2008}}
{{Infobox Philippine region |
name = Region I<br>Ilocos Region|
map_file = Ph_locator_region_1.png |
center = [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], [[La Union province|La Union]] |
population = 4,200,478 |
density_km2 = 327 |
area_km2 = 12,840 |
provinces = 4 |
cities = 9 |
municipalities = 116 |
barangays = 3,265 |
districts = 12 |
languages = [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]], [[Bolinao language|Bolinao]]|
}}
The '''Ilocos Region''' or '''Region I''' ('''Ilokano''': ''Rehion ti Ilokos'', '''Pangasinan''': ''Rihiyon na Sagor na Baybay na Luzon'') of the [[Philippines]] is located in the northwestern region portion of [[Luzon]]. It is bounded by the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] and [[Cagayan Valley]] to the east, [[Central Luzon]] to the south and by the [[South China Sea]] to the west.
<!-- Consider moving this paragraph to the "People and Culture" part -->The province of Pangasinan composes 58% of the region's population, 42% of its area and 61% of its economy.<ref>[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru1/|National Statistical Coordination Board]</ref>
The region is composed of four [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], namely: [[Ilocos Norte]], [[Ilocos Sur]], [[La Union]] and [[Pangasinan]]. Its regional center is [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], La Union. The Ilocanos compose 66% of the region, the Pangasinan people compose 27%, and the Tagalogs compose 3%. <ref>[http://census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2003/pr0319tx.html |National Statistics Office]</ref>
==Demographics==
The Ilocos provinces of the Ilocos Region is the historical homeland of the [[Ilocano people|Ilocanos]] including Former Philippine President [[Ferdinand Marcos]], the Filipino Martial Law dictator. The Ilocanos compose 66% of the region, the Pangasinan people compose 27%, and the Tagalogs compose 3%. <ref>[http://census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2003/pr0319tx.html |National Statistics Office]</ref>
The Ilocanos have the following percentage of the population inside the bracket in each province: Pangasinan (43%), La Union (92%), Ilocos Norte (97%), and Ilocos Sur (93%).{{Fact|date=July 2007}}
Pangasinan is the historical homeland of the [[Pangasinan people|Pangasinense]]s including Former Philippine President [[Fidel Ramos]]. The population of Pangasinan comprises approximately 60% of the total population of the region. The Pangasinenses presently constitute around 50% of the population of the province.<ref>[http://census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2003/pr0319tx.html |National Statistics Office]</ref> The Ilocanos were not originally inhabitants of Pangasinan. They started migrating to Pangasinan in the 19th century. <ref>Rosario Mendoza Cortes, Pangasinan, 1801-1900: The Beginnings of Modernization</ref> Pangasinan was formerly a province of Region III ([[Central Luzon]]), but President Marcos signed Presidential Decree No. 1, 1972, incorporating it into Region I. Minority groups include the [[Tinggian]] and [[Isneg]] communities that inhabit the foothills of the Cordillera mountains.
The population is predominantly [[Roman Catholic]] with strong adherents of [[Protestantism]] such as the [[Aglipayan]] denomination further north of the country. There are also adherents to other offshoots of Christianity, such as [[Iglesia ni Cristo]], [[Mormons]], and the like. There is also an undercurrent of traditional animistic beliefs especially in rural areas. The small mercantile [[China|Chinese]] and [[India]]n communities are primarily [[Buddhist]]s, [[Taoist]]s, and [[Hindu]]s respectively.{{Fact|date=September 2007}}
==Economy==
Although the economy in the southern portion of the region, esp. [[Pangasinan]], is anchored on agro-industrial and service industry <!-- Is aquaculture agro-industrial??? Aquaculture is greater in Pangasinan -->, the economy in the northern portion of the region is anchored in the agricultural sector. The economy in Pangasinan is driven by agro-industrial businesses <!-- again -->, such as milkfish (bangus) cultivation and processing, livestock raising, fish paste processing (''bagoong''), and others. At the same time the importance of trading, financial services, and educational services in the economy cannot be denied. Income in the Ilocos provinces or northern portion mostly come from cultivating rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, and fruits; raising livestock such as pigs, chicken, goats, and [[carabao]]s (water buffalos).
The distribution of the economic activity in the region may be seen from the collection of tax revenue of the national government <!-- Of course!!! Iner ni kasi??? -->. According to the data from the [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru1/|National Statistical Coordination Board], the bulk of the collections come from Pangasinan, which posted 61% of the total.<ref>[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru1/|National Statistical Coordination Board]</ref>
The service and light manufacturing industries are concentrated in the cities. [[Dagupan City]] is mostly driven by its local entrepreneurs, which have started to expand its network up to the national level. San Fernando City in La Union also has an active shipping port and Laoag City in Ilocos Norte has an international airport. The government is one of the largest employers along with multinational corporations like Coca-Cola. <!-- Last sentence seems incomprehensible. --> {{Fact|date=September 2007}}
<!-- There is incomplete citings in this paragraph. What about those attractions in Pangasinan? -->The tourism industry, driven by local airlines and land transportation firms in the area like [[Farinas Transit Company]] and [[Partas]], focuses on the coastal beaches and on eco-tourism. There are fine sands stretching along Bauang, La Union and the rest of the region. Opportunities to engage in other water sports and activities abound. Eco-tourism takes advantage of the marine and forest resources in the region and displays the natural beauty of the Region 1.{{Fact|date=September 2007}}
The region is also rich in crafts, with renowned blanket-weaving and pottery.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} The Ilocanos' ''burnay'' pottery is well known for its dark colored clay.{{Fact|date=September 2007}}
==Political Division==
[[Image:Ph ilocos.png|thumb|Political map of Ilocos Region]]
Region 1 is composed of 4 [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] and a total of 9 [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]].
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
! [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] !! Capital !! Population<br>([[2000]]) !! Area<br>([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density<br />(per km²)
|-
|[[Ilocos Norte]]
|[[Laoag City]]
|514,241
|3,399.3
|151.3
|-
|[[Ilocos Sur]]
|[[Vigan City]]
|594,206
|2,579.6
|230.3
|-
|[[La Union]]
|[[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]]
|657,945
|1,493.1
|440.7
|-
|[[Pangasinan]]
|[[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]]
|88,891
|5,368.2
|453.4
|}
====Component Cities====
=====Ilocos Norte=====
[[Batac City]]
[[Laoag City]]
=====Ilocos Sur=====
[[Vigan City]]
[[Candon City]]
=====La Union=====
[[San Fernando City]]
=====Pangasinan=====
[[Alaminos City]]
[[Dagupan City]]
[[Urdaneta City]]
[[San Carlos City]]
===Physical===<!-- Shouldn't this part be before the demographics and economy part??? -->
Region I occupies the narrow plain between the [[Cordillera Central, Luzon|Cordillera Central]] mountain range and the [[South China Sea]]. It also occupies the northern portion of the Central Luzon plain, to the north-east of the [[Zambales Mountains]].
[[Lingayen Gulf]] is the most notable body of water in the region and it contains a number of islands, including the [[Hundred Islands National Park]]. To the north of the region is [[Luzon Strait]].
The [[Agno, Pangasinan|Agno]] [[river]] runs through [[Pangasinan]] and empties into the Lingayen Gulf. The river flow into a broad delta in the vicinity of [[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] and [[Dagupan City]].
==Tourist Attractions== <!-- Consider dividing this part by province. -->
Tourism to the region is driven by airlines like [[China Airlines]] and [[Philippine Airlines]] and [[coach (vehicle)|passenger coach]] [[bus|bus lines]] like regionally owned [[Farinas Transit Company]] and [[Partas]].
'''Hundred Islands National Park.''' Located in the [[Lingayen Gulf]] in [[Pangasinan]], the watery park is dotted by 123 small, pristine islands.<!-- Is it exactly 123? --> Three islands have been developed for tourists.
'''Vigan colonial houses.Vigan City, is famous for its cobblestone streets and Spanish-style houses, an architectural remnant of its colonial past. The Mestizo District displays mansions typical of the era. They were owned by prominent Ilocano-Chinese merchant families of that time, hence or "mixed race".Fact|date=September 2007 For this, the city is inscribed in UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.
Ancient churches. The region is dotted by old Catholic churches built by natives for the Spanish. Famous churches can be found in Vigan City (formerly the seat of the Bishop of Nueva Segovia and current seat of the archdiocese of the same name), and in Manaoag, Pangasinan.
Limahong Channel. The Chinese Corsair Limahong proceeded north to Pangasinan when foiled of his attempt to establish a colony on the shore of Manila Bay. Pursued by the Spanish colonizers, he dug a channel in Domalandan, Lingayen that served as his escape way towards the China Sea.
Manleluag Spring National Park. Located about 7 kilometers uphill climb along the highway in Malabobo, Mangatarem, the forest park declared as a National Park in 1940 is suitable for special interest activities. Mangatarem is 178.47 kilometers away from Manila. With cottages and swimming pools.
==History== <!-- This should be after the demographics part. -->
Region 1 was first inhabited by the aboriginal Negritos before they were pushed by successive waves of Malay immigrants that penetrated the narrow coast. Tingguians in the interior, Ilocanos in the north, and Pangasinense in the south settled the region.
From the data on the population distribution of Region 1, it is clear that not all the inhabitants are Ilocanos. Around one-third are non-Ilocanos and yet there is a popular misconception that all the inhabitants are Ilocanos.<ref>[http://census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2003/pr0319tx.html|National Statistics Office]</ref> The use of the term Ilocos Region promotes the wrong notion that all the residents of Region 1 are Ilocanos. Before the administration of [[Ferdinand Marcos]], Pangasinan was not a part of the region.<ref>Presidential Decree No. 1, 1972</ref>
The Spanish arrived in the [[16th century]] and established Christian missions and governmental institutions to control the native population and convert them to the Roman Catholic church). Present-day Vigan City in Ilocos Sur province became the bishopric seat of Nueva Segovia). Ilocanos in the northern parts were less easily swayed, however, and remained an area filled with deep resentments against Spain). These resentments bubbled to the surface at various points in the Ilocos provinces' history as insurrections. However, it was the Pangasinenses in the south who were the last to be stand against the Spaniards.<ref>Culture and History by Nick Joaquin</ref>
The most notable of the rebellions were that of [[Andres Malong]] and [[Palaris]] of Pangasinan, [[Diego Silang]] and his wife [[Gabriela Silang]] in 1764, and the Basi Revolt in the 19th century).
[[Jose Burgos]], one of the three martyred Filipino priests in [[Bagumbayan]] (now [[Rizal Park]]), was born in the region.
In [[1901]], the region came under American colonial rule, and in 1941, under Japanese occupation.
During [[1945]], the American and the Philippine Commonwealth soldiers with the Ilocano and Pangasinese guerillas liberated the Ilocos Region from Japanese forces during the [[Siege of Ilocos]].
Several modern presidents of the Republic of the Philippines hailed from the Region: [[Elpidio Quirino]], [[Ferdinand Marcos]], and [[Fidel V. Ramos]].
Before the formation of the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]], Region 1 also included the provinces of [[Abra (province)|Abra]], [[Mountain Province]], and [[Benguet]]. Before Region 1 was modified by Ferdinand Marcos, [[Pangasinan]] was not part of the region.
==See also==
* [[Super regions of the Philippines]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.ops.gov.ph/records/eo_561.htm Executive Order No. 561: FORMATION OF THE "SUPER" REGIONS AND MANDATE OF THE SUPERREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT CHAMPIONS]
* [http://www.gov.ph/superregions/NLAQ1.pdf North Luzon Super Region: Potentials]
* [http://www.gov.ph/superregions/NLAQ2.pdf North Luzon Super Region: Projects]
* [http://pag.wikipedia.org Wikipedian Pangasinan]
* [http://iloko.tripod.com/Ilocano.html Ilocano: Ti Pagsasao ti Amianan]
* [http://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umuna_a_Panid Ilocano Wikipedia]
* [http://philippinesonline.org/nakem NAKEM Centennial Conference]
* [http://www.etravelpilipinas.com/about_philippines/region1_ilocos_region.htm Region I: Ilocos Region]
{{Philippine regions}}
{{Luzon lateral}}
[[Category:Regions of the Philippines]]
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