Immunodeficiency
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2008-06-21T14:36:17Z
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{{Refimprove|date=November 2007}}
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Immunodeficiency |
Image = |
Caption = |
DiseasesDB = 21506 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|D|84|9|d|80}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|279.3}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = |
eMedicineSubj = |
eMedicineTopic = |
MeshID = D007153 |
}}
In [[medicine]], '''immunodeficiency''' (or '''immune deficiency''') is a state in which the [[immune system]]'s ability to fight [[infectious disease]] is compromised or entirely absent. Most cases of immunodeficiency are acquired ("secondary") but some people are born with defects in the immune system, or [[primary immunodeficiency]]. Transplant patients take medications to suppress their immune system as an anti-rejection measure. A person who has an immunodeficiency of any kind is said to be '''immunocompromised'''. An immunocompromised person may be particularly vulnerable to [[opportunistic infection]]s, in addition to normal infections that could affect everyone.
==Primary immunodeficiency==
{{main|Primary immunodeficiency}}
A number of [[rare disease]]s feature a heightened susceptibility to [[infection]]s from childhood onward. Many of these disorders are [[genetic disorder|hereditary]] and are [[autosomal recessive]] or [[Sex linkage|X-linked]]. There are over 80 recognised primary immunodeficiency syndromes; they are generally grouped by the part of the immune system that is malfunctioning, such as [[lymphocyte]]s or [[granulocyte]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rosen FS, Cooper MD, Wedgwood RJ |title=The primary immunodeficiencies |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=333 |issue=7 |pages=431–40 |year=1995 |pmid=7616993|doi=10.1056/NEJM199508173330707}}</ref>
The treatment of primary immunodeficiencies depends on the nature of the defect, and may involve antibody infusions, long-term antibiotics and (in certain cases) [[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation|stem cell transplantation]].
==Acquired immunodeficiency==<!-- This section is linked from [[Immune system]] -->
Immune deficiency may also be the result of particular external processes or diseases; the resultant state is called "secondary" or "acquired" immunodeficiency. Common causes for secondary immunodeficiency are [[malnutrition]], [[aging]] and particular medications (e.g. [[chemotherapy]], [[disease-modifying antirheumatic drug]]s, [[immunosuppressive drug]]s after [[organ transplant]]s, [[glucocorticoid]]s).
Many specific diseases directly or indirectly impair the immune system. This includes many types of [[cancer]], particularly those of the bone marrow and blood cells ([[leukemia]], [[lymphoma]], [[multiple myeloma]]), and certain chronic infections. Immunodeficiency is also the hallmark of [[AIDS|acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]] (AIDS), caused by the [[HIV|human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV). HIV directly attacks the immune system.
==References==
<references/>
{{Immune_system}}
{{Immune disorders}}
[[Category:Immune system disorders]]
[[Category:Immunodeficiency| ]]
[[ca:Immunodeficiència]]
[[de:Immundefekt]]
[[el:Ανοσολογική ανεπάρκεια]]
[[es:Inmunodeficiencia]]
[[fr:Immunodépression]]
[[it:Immunodeficienza]]
[[he:כשל חיסוני]]
[[pl:Niedobór odporności]]
[[pt:Imunodeficiência]]