Imperial Crypt Vaults 2247173 220992469 2008-06-22T15:36:30Z Ender78 162359 /* Leopold's Vault */ wikification edit '''The Imperial Crypt Vaults''' are the various chambers of the [[Imperial Crypt]] in [[Vienna]] in which most members of the senior lines of the [[Habsburg]] dynasty, the hereditary Emperors of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], have been entombed, beginning in [[1632]]. The Imperial Crypt Vaults are an interconnected series of ten subterranean vaulted rooms, built at various times as more space was needed. The visible 103 metal [[sarcophagus|sarcophagi]] and 5 heart urns range in style from puritan plain to exuberant rococo. The Imperial Crypt is one of the top tourist attractions in [[Vienna]]. The bodies of 142 [[aristocrats]], plus urns containing the hearts or cremated remains of four others, are deposited here (as of [[2005]]). They include 12 [[Emperors]] and 18 [[Empress]]es. The most recent entombment was in [[1989]]. From other families there are 32 spouses, plus two others, who have found their resting place here. Everyone else in the Imperial Crypt was born with the Habsburgs-only title of [[Archduke]] or [[Archduchess]]. In 1960, with the various vaults overcrowded, a major rearrangement project began which resulted in the construction of the Children's Columnbarium and the [[#VaultNew|New Vault]]. At the same time many bodies were moved to those new areas, others were moved from the [[#VaultTuscan|Tuscan Vault]] and [[#VaultFerd|Ferdinand’s Vault]] and walled up into the corner piers of Ferdinand's Vault. __TOC__ <div style="background-color: #fff7fb; border: 1px solid #b79; margin: 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px"> '''Subscript numbers behind the names''' of most persons listed in this article are used to avoid confusion in cross-references due to the similarity or duplication of names over the many generations. A unique small <small>index number</small> appears with the name of every person buried in the Imperial Crypt. The number corresponds with that person's entry in the listing below of occupants of each Vault, to which it is hyperlinked. When necessary to establish continuity, a person buried elsewhere is assigned a number preceded by an <small>x</small> and then listed in the [[#Selected Other Habsburgs|Selected Other Habsburgs]] section. </div> <div id="VaultFounders"></div> == The Founders' Vault == The ''Gründergruft'' is the oldest part of the Kaisergruft, dating from the original construction of the church (completed in [[1632]]), and lies under the Emperor Chapel at the left of the nave of the church above. The room is low, plain, and windowless, and visible through baroque gates from [[#VaultLeopold|Leopold’s Vault]]. Here stand the two plain [[sarcophagi]] of the founding couple. ''Looking through the gate, from left to right:'' *{{biohead|2|Emperor '''[[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]]''' ([[1557]] - [[1619]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Third son of Emperor [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]].{{bioxref|x527}} Once governor of the [[Austrian Netherlands]], he wrested power over Austria, Hungary and Moravia from his inept brother Emperor [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]]{{bioxref|x552}} in [[1608]] and inherited the rest in [[1612]]. He built the original hunting lodge that became [[Schönbrunn]], and died only three months after his wife Empress Anna.{{bioxref|1}} His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|1|Empress '''[[Anna of Tyrol]]''' ([[4 October]] [[1585]] - [[15 December]] [[1618]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Daughter of [[Ferdinand II, Duke of Tyrol]] and wife of her cousin Emperor Matthias{{bioxref|2}} who was 28 years older than her. She provided in her will of [[1617]] for the establishment of a crypt for the her and her husband in a Capuchin's Church to be built in Vienna, and died only one year later, at age 33 after seven years of a childless marriage. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. <div id="VaultLeopold"></div> == Leopold's Vault == The ''Leopoldsgruft'' was built under the [[nave]] of the church above, beginning in [[1657]] by [[Leopold I of Austria (Habsburg)|Emperor Leopold I]],{{bioxref|37}} following the edict of his father Emperor Ferdinand III{{bioxref|27}} that the hereditary burial place of the imperial family would be in this church. Considering that Leopold contributed his three wives and 16 of his children&mdash;plus himself&mdash;to the population of the crypt, it was inevitable that other vaults would be needed soon. <div id="VaultLeopoldKids"></div> === ''Children's Columbarium'' === Turning to the left of the gates to the [[#VaultFounders|Founders’ Vault]], in the thick east foundation wall of the church are twelve longitudinal recessed niches built in the 1960s containing sarcophagi of 12 children. The coffins had previously been in either the [[#VaultFounders|Founders’ Vault]] or the main hall of this vault, but were generally in poor condition and have now been placed into identical cases. No markings or documentation identifies which child lies in which coffin, but those buried in these niches are: ''Four children of Emperor Ferdinand III''{{bioxref|27}}: *{{biohead|3|Archduke '''Maximilian Thomas''' (1638 - 1639)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Infant son of Emperor Ferdinand III{{bioxref|27}} and Empress Maria Anna.{{bioxref|22}} *{{biohead|4|Archduke '''Philipp August''' (1637 - 1639)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Two-year old son of Emperor Ferdinand III{{bioxref|27}} and Empress Maria Anna.{{bioxref|22}} *{{biohead|5|Archduchess '''Theresia Maria''' (1652 - 1653)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Infant daughter of Emperor Ferdinand III{{bioxref|27}} and Empress Eleonora.{{bioxref|19}} *{{biohead|6|Archduke '''Ferdinand Josef''' (1657 - 1658)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Infant son of Emperor Ferdinand III{{bioxref|27}} and Empress Eleonora.{{bioxref|19}} His intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. ''Seven children of Emperor Leopold I''{{bioxref|37}}: *{{biohead|7|Archduke '''Ferdinand Wenzel''' (1667 - 1668)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Infant son of Emperor Leopold I{{bioxref|37}} and Empress Margarita Teresa.{{bioxref|20}} His intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|8|Archduke '''Johann Leopold''' (1670)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Infant son of Emperor Leopold I{{bioxref|37}} and Empress Margarita Teresa.{{bioxref|20}} *{{biohead|10|Archduchess '''Maria Anna''' (1672)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Infant daughter of Emperor Leopold I{{bioxref|37}} and Empress Margarita Teresa.{{bioxref|20}} Her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|11|Archduchess '''Anna Maria Sophia''' (1674)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Infant daughter of Emperor Leopold I{{bioxref|37}} and Empress Claudia Felicitas.{{bioxref|24}} Her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|12|Archduchess '''Maria Josepha''' (1675 - 1676)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Infant daughter of Emperor Leopold I{{bioxref|37}} and Empress Claudia Felicitas.{{bioxref|24}} Her heart is in a gold and silver urn atop her mother's sarcophagus in the Dominican Church. *{{biohead|13|Archduchess '''Christina''' (1679)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Infant daughter of Emperor Leopold I{{bioxref|37}} and Empress Eleonora Magdelena.{{bioxref|32}} *{{biohead|14|Archduchess '''Maria Margareta''' (1690 - 1691)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Infant daughter of Emperor Leopold I{{bioxref|37}} and Empress Eleonora Magdelena.{{bioxref|32}} Her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. ''Grandson of Emperor Ferdinand III''{{bioxref|27}}: *{{biohead|15|'''Unnamed''' (1686)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Son of Johann Wilhelm of Pfalz-Neuberg and Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha.{{bioxref|17}} <div id="VaultLeopoldMain"></div> === ''Main Hall'' === ''In front of the Children's Columbarium:'' *{{biohead|9|''(Urn containing the heart of)'' Queen '''Maria Anna of Portugal''' ([[9 July]] [[1683]] - [[14 August]] [[1754]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Daughter of Emperor Leopold I.{{bioxref|37}} Body in Lisbon, beside her husband [[John V of Portugal]]. ''Proceeding along the north wall, east-to-west:'' *{{biohead|16|Archduchess '''Maria Josepha''' (1687 - 1703)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Daughter of Emperor Leopold I.{{bioxref|37}} Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]], and her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|17|Archduchess '''Maria Anna Josepha''' ([[20 December]] [[1654]] - [[4 April]] [[1689]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Daughter of Emperor Ferdinand III.{{bioxref|27}} Wife of [[Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine]]. Her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|18|Queen '''Eleonora Maria of Poland''' ([[21 May]] [[1653]] - [[17 December]] [[1697]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Daughter of Emperor Ferdinand III.{{bioxref|27}} Wife of [[Michał Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland]], then of [[Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine]] by whom she became grandmother of the two brothers who married [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Empress Maria Theresia]]{{bioxref|56}} and her sister.{{bioxref|39}} *{{biohead|19|Empress '''Eleonora Magdalena of Mantua-Nevers-Gonzaga''' ([[18 November]] [[1630]] - [[6 December]] [[1686]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Third wife of Emperor Ferdinand III.{{bioxref|27}} Foundress of the [[Order of the Starry Cross]] (the Sternkreuzorden). Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|20|Empress '''Margarita Teresa''' ([[12 August]] [[1651]] - [[12 March]] [[1673]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Niece and first wife of Emperor Leopold I{{bioxref|37}} at age 15. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|21|Empress '''Maria Leopoldina''' ([[6 April]] [[1632]] - [[7 August]] [[1649]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Second wife of Emperor Ferdinand III.{{bioxref|27}} Married at age 16, died in childbirth of Archduke Karl Joseph{{bioxref|116}} the next year. *{{biohead|22|Empress '''Maria Anna''' ([[18 August]] [[1606]] - [[13 May]] [[1646]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Born Infanta of Spain, first wife of Emperor Ferdinand III.{{bioxref|27}} *{{biohead|23|Archduchess '''Maria Amalia''' ([[5 April]] [[1724]] - [[19 April]] [[1730]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Six-year old youngest daughter of Emperor Karl VI.{{bioxref|40}} Her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|24|''(Urn containing the heart of)'' Empress '''Claudia Felicitas''' ([[30 May]] [[1653]] - [[8 April]] [[1676]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Second wife of Emperor Leopold I.{{bioxref|37}} Her body, by her own request, is dressed in the habit of a Dominican nun and is entombed beside her mother in the Dominican Church in Vienna. Her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. ''Proceeding along the south wall, east-to-west:'' *{{biohead|25|Archduchess '''Maria Theresia''' (1684 - 1696)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Twelve-year old daughter of Emperor Leopold I.{{bioxref|37}} Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|26|Archduke '''Leopold Joseph''' (1682 - 1684)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Son of Emperor Leopold I.{{bioxref|37}} His sarcophagus is normal sized although he was only two years old when he died. *{{biohead|27|Emperor '''[[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]]''' ([[13 July]] [[1608]] - [[2 April]] [[1657]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Third son of Emperor Ferdinand II.{{bioxref|x578}} [[#Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503|<small>→Family Tree</small>]] Nine of his children are buried here. His intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|28|Archduchess '''Maria Antonia''' ([[18 January]] [[1669]] - [[24 December]] [[1692]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Daughter of Emperor Leopold I{{bioxref|37}} and wife of [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]]. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|29|King '''[[Ferdinand IV of Germany|Ferdinand IV of the Romans]]''' ([[8 September]] [[1633]] - [[9 July]] [[1654]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand III.{{bioxref|27}} His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and his intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. He established the tradition of burial of different parts in three separate Vienna churches. *{{biohead|30|Archduke '''Leopold Johann''' ([[13 April]] [[1716]] - [[4 November]] [[1716]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Six-month old only son of Emperor Karl VI.{{bioxref|40}} His death later led to the [[War of the Austrian Succession]] because his father had no other male heirs. His intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|31|Archduchess '''Maria Magdalena''' ([[26 March]] [[1689]] - [[1 May]] [[1743]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Daughter of Emperor Leopold I.{{bioxref|37}} *{{biohead|32|Empress '''[[Eleonora Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg]]''' ([[6 January]] [[1655]] - [[19 January]] [[1720]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Third wife of Emperor Leopold I.{{bioxref|37}} <div id="VaultKarl"></div> == Karl's Vault == The first part of the ''Karlsgruft'' was built in [[1710]] by Emperor Joseph I.{{bioxref|35}} In [[1720]] it was extended by [[Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt]] on the orders of Emperor Karl VI{{bioxref|40}} and shelters 8 containers: ''Proceeding along the south wall, from left to right:'' *{{biohead|37|Emperor '''[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]]''' ([[9 June]] [[1640]] - [[5 May]] [[1705]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Second son of Emperor Ferdinand III{{bioxref|27}} and father of Emperors Joseph I{{bioxref|35}} and Karl VI.{{bioxref|40}} He repelled an effort by the Muslims to conquer Europe at the [[Battle of Vienna|Second Siege of Vienna]]. He built the Leopold's Wing of the [[Hofburg]], used today as the offices of the president of Austria. He can be seen sculpted, kneeling prayer for the end of the plague epidemic, on the [[plague column]] ''([[Pestsäule (Vienna)|Pestsäule]])'' in Vienna. Died at age 65 after a reign of 48 years. His three wives and 16 of his children are buried here. His heart is buried in urn 11 the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and his [[viscus|viscera]] are in urn 41 in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|38|Archduchess '''[[Maria Elisabeth of Austria|Maria Elisabeth]]''' ([[1680]] - [[1741]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Daughter of Emperor Leopold I.{{bioxref|37}} Unmarried, she was appointed governor of the [[Austrian Netherlands]] in her own right and when she died at age 69, was originally buried in Brussels but was transferred here 8 years later. Her heart is buried in urn 14 in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and her viscera are in urn 51 in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|39|Archduchess '''[[Maria Anna of Habsburg|Maria Anna]]''' ([[14 September]] [[1718]] - [[16 December]] [[1744]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Daughter of Emperor Karl VI.{{bioxref|40}} and sister of Empress Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|56}} She married [[Charles of Lorraine]], brother of Maria Theresia's husband, Emperor Franz I Stephen.{{bioxref|55}} They were joint governors of the [[Austrian Netherlands]]. She died in Brussels at age 24 whence her body was transferred at her sister's order. Her heart is buried in urn 15 in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and her viscera are in urn 52 in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. [[Image:Habsburg Emperor death head dsc01325.jpg|thumb|right|200px|An ornament of the sarcophagus of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor]]: a death's head with the crown of the Holy Roman Empire]] *{{biohead|40|Emperor '''[[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Karl VI]]''' ([[1 October]] [[1685]] - [[20 October]] [[1740]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Younger son of Emperor Leopold I.{{bioxref|37}} Raised in Spain in preparation to inherit the Spanish throne upon the death of his childless cousin, the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] ended when Karl unexpectedly inherited the [[Holy Roman Empire|Empire]] upon his brother Joseph's{{bioxref|35}} early death and no one wanted to allow the dominance that would come from empowering Karl with both realms. Moving to Vienna, he brought the [[Spanish Riding School]] with him and built the magnificent hall it uses today. Because he had no surviving male heirs,{{bioxref|30}} he negotiated the [[Pragmatic Sanction]] to assure that his daughter Maria Theresia{{bioxref|56}} would succeed him, going so far as to pre-bribe the nine[[Prince-Elector|Electors]] but, of course, once he died they ignored their promises but kept the money, resulting in the [[War of the Austrian Succession]]. He died after a reign of 29 years, at age 55 after catching a cold while hunting. His heart is buried in urn 13 the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and his viscera are in urn 48 in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. His tomb is one of the most remarkable, with a death's head at each corner wearing one of the distinctive crowns of his major realms (the Empire, Bohemia, Hungary, and Austria). ''The empty plaza at the west third of this vault was used as the area for reception ceremonies when new bodies were brought in after the funeral ceremonies upstairs.'' ''Returning along the north wall, from left to right:'' *{{biohead|36|Empress '''[[Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]''' ([[28 August]] [[1691]] - [[21 December]] [[1750]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Wife ([[1708]]) of Emperor Karl VI{{bioxref|40}} and mother of Empress Maria Theresa.{{bioxref|56}} Died at age 59 of heart failure brought on by corpulence and rheumatism. Her sarcophagus is the earliest by [[Balthasar Ferdinand Moll]]. Her heart is buried in urn 17 the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and her viscera are buried in urn 53 in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|35|Emperor '''[[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]]''' (1678 - 1711)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Son of Emperor Leopold I.{{bioxref|37}} Allied with the British during the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] where his great general [[Eugene of Savoy]] worked with the [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|Duke of Marlborough]] to prevent the throne of Spain going to the French. With no surviving son,{{bioxref|33}} he died of the [[black pox]] at age 33 after a reign of 6 years. The heart of his wife{{bioxref|34}} is nearby. His heart is buried in urn 12 the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and his viscera are buried separately in urn 42 in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|34|''(Urn containing the heart of )'' Empress '''[[Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick]]''' ([[21 April]] [[1673]] - [[10 April]] [[1742]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Wife ([[1699]]) of Emperor Joseph I.{{bioxref|35}} The wing of the [[Hofburg]] in which she had living space during her widowhood is named after her, but she founded the Salesian Cloister in Vienna [[1712]] to educate young women and spent much of her time there. She died of edema at age 69. Her body lies dressed in a nun's habit entombed in a simple stone sarcophagus below the high altar in the Salesian Cloister in Vienna. *{{biohead|33|Archduke '''Leopold Joseph''' (1700 - 1701)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Infant son of Emperor Joseph I.{{bioxref|35}} Died of hydrocephalus. His viscera are buried in urn 38 in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. <div id="VaultMTheresia"></div> == Maria Theresa's Vault == The three vaults of the Imperial Crypt held 44 bodies plus urns containing the hearts of two other persions when Empress Maria Theresa{{bioxref|56}} started construction of the ''Maria Theresien Gruft '' in [[1754]]. It is behind the church above, with its dome rising into the monastery courtyard and contains the tombs of 16 persons: ''In the entrance archway:'' *{{biohead|42|Emperor '''[[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]]''' (Schönbrunn [[13 March]] [[1741]] - Vienna [[20 February]] [[1790]]|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Son of Empress Maria Theresa.{{bioxref|56}} A populist who became known as "the people's emperor," he initiated many reforms (including a prohibition on embalming and elaborate burials), many of which he repudiated in disillusionment shortly before his death. In keeping with his edict, his body is unembalmed and intact within a simple copper tomb. He died shortly before his 49th birthday after an official reign of 10 years. His equestrian statue in the [[Josefplatz]] of the [[Hofburg]] palace is where Harry Lime's auto accident occurs in [[The Third Man]]. His two wives and two children are buried in this Vault. ''In the small chamber immediately north of Emperor Joseph II{{bioxref|42}}:'' *{{biohead|41|Countess '''[[Karoline von Fuchs Mollard]]''' ([[January 1]], [[1681]] - [[April 27]], [[1754]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Long-time family retainer and governess to Empress Maria Theresia,{{bioxref|56}} her sisters{{bioxref|23}} {{bioxref|39}} and her children. The inscription of gratitude on the lid of her sarcopagus is signed by Empress Maria Theresa,{{bioxref|56}} who ordered her burial with the imperial family (although she had no direct blood or matrimonial connection to the Habsburgs) when she died at age 73. ''In the center of the vault, from left to right:'' *{{biohead|56|Empress '''[[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]]''' ([[13 May]] [[1717]] - [[29 November]] [[1780]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Eldest surviving descendant of Emperor Karl VI,{{bioxref|40}}[[#Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27|<small>→Family Tree</small>]] her ascension was contested and officially the crown of the Empire went to her husband ([[1736]]) Emperor Franz I Stephen.{{bioxref|55}} Dying at age 63, her forty years' reign is thought of by the Austrians as the British think of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]: the golden years of power, prestige and empire. A prominent statue of her enthroned and surrounded by her ministers is a landmark at the entrance to the [[Museumplatz]]. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|55|Emperor '''[[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Franz I Stephen]]''' (Lunéville [[8 December]] [[1708]] - Innsbruck [[18 August]] [[1765]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Duke of Lorraine and Grand Duke of Tuscany. Husband of Empress Maria Theresa,{{bioxref|56}} he died at age 56 after nominally being Emperor for 25 years. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. This double tomb of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I Stephen, sculpted by [[Balthasar Ferdinand Moll]] is of particular artistic merit and is probably the most glorious in terms of design. ''In the small chamber immediately south of Emperor Joseph II{{bioxref|42}}:'' *{{biohead|43|Archduchess '''Maria Karolina''' ([[September 17]], [[1748]] - [[September 17]], [[1748]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Still-born daughter of Emperor Franz I Stephen{{bioxref|55}} and Empress Maria Theresa. ''Along the south wall, young children of Emperor Franz I Stephen{{bioxref|55}} and Empress Maria Theresa.{{bioxref|56}} From left to right:'' *{{biohead|44|Archduke '''Karl Joseph''' Emanuel Johann Nepomuck Anton Prokop ([[February 1]], [[1745]] - [[January 18]], [[1761]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Second son of Emperor Franz I Stephen{{bioxref|55}} and Empress Maria Theresa. Died of small pox shortly before his 16th birthday. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|45|Archduchess Marie '''Johanna Gabriele''' Josephe Antonie ([[February 4]], [[1750]] - [[December 23]], [[1762]]|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Eighth daughter of Emperor Franz I Stephen{{bioxref|55}} and Empress Maria Theresa.{{bioxref|56}} Died of small pox at age 12. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|46|Archduchess '''Marie Josephe''' Gabriele Johanna Antonie Anna ([[March 19]], [[1751]] - [[October 15]], [[1767]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Ninth daughter of Emperor Franz I{{bioxref|55}} and Empress Maria Theresa.{{bioxref|56}} Unhappy with the marriage arranged for her, she died of small pox the day before her wedding, at age 16. ''At the southwest bend:'' *{{biohead|47|'''Unnamed''' princess (1744)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Daughter of Prince Charles of Lorraine and Archduchess Maria Anna{{bioxref|39}} (sister of Empress Maria Theresa{{bioxref|56}}). ''Along the west wall, mainly the family of Emperor Joseph II.{{bioxref|42}} From left to right:'' *{{biohead|48|Archduchess '''Marie Elisabeth''' Amalie Antonie Josephe Gabriele Johanna Agathe ([[February 5]], [[1737]] - [[June 7]], [[1740]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Three-years old, eldest daughter of Emperor Franz I Stephen{{bioxref|55}} and Empress Maria Theresa.{{bioxref|56}} Her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|49|Empress '''[[Maria Josepha of Bavaria]]''' ([[March 30]], [[1739]] - [[May 28]], [[1767]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Second wife ([[1765]]) of Emperor Joseph II.{{bioxref|42}} She was the daughter of the only non-Habsburg Emperor since [[1438]], [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Karl VII of Bavaria]] and his wife, a daughter of Emperor Joseph I.{{bioxref|35}} Especially because of the unusually potent form of small pox of which she died at age 28, her body was not embalmed but immediately placed intact into her coffin. Her husband of 2 years had not developed a regard for her, and did not attend her funeral. *{{biohead|50|Archduchess '''[[Isabella Maria of Bourbon-Parma]]''' ([[31 December]] [[1741]] - [[27 November]] [[1763]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} First wife ([[1760]]) of Emperor Joseph II.{{bioxref|42}} Daughter of [[Philip, Duke of Parma]] ([[1720]] - [[1765]]) (brother of King [[Philip V of Spain]]) and [[Louise-Elisabeth of Bourbon]] ([[14 August]] [[1727]] - [[6 December]] [[1759]]) (daughter of King [[Louis XV of France]]). Greatly beloved by her husband, at age 21 she contracted small pox during her second pregnancy and died 5 days after giving birth to a still born daughter.{{bioxref|51}} Under her husband's orders, her body was buried whole and unembalmed. *{{biohead|51|Archduchess '''Christina''' ([[November 22]], [[1763]] - [[November 22]], [[1763]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Still-born second daughter of Emperor Joseph II{{bioxref|42}} and his first wife Archduchess Isabella.{{bioxref|50}} Her tomb rests beneath that of her mother.{{bioxref|50}} *{{biohead|52|Archduchess '''Maria Theresia''' ([[March 20]], [[1762]] - [[January 23]], [[1770]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Eldest daughter of Emperor Joseph II{{bioxref|42}} and his first wife Archduchess Isabella.{{bioxref|50}} Died at almost 8 years of age. *{{biohead|53|Archduchess '''Marie Caroline''' Ernestine Antonie Johanna Josephe ([[January 12]], [[1740]] - [[January 25]], [[1741]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Third daughter of Emperor Franz I Stephen{{bioxref|55}} and Empress Maria Theresa.{{bioxref|56}} Died at age 1 year. Her intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. ''Beside the entrance to [[#VaultFranz|Franz’s Vault]] on the north wall:'' *{{biohead|54|Duchess '''Christina of Saxony-Teschen''' ([[May 16]], [[1767]] - [[May 17]], [[1767]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Infant, only child of Duke Albert of Saxony-Teschen{{bioxref|111}} and Archduchess Maria Christina.{{bioxref|112}} <div id="VaultFranz"></div> == Franz's Vault == In [[1824]] the four vaults of the Imperial Crypt held 78 bodies and urns containing the hearts of three other persons. In that year Emperor Franz II{{bioxref|57}} built the octagonal ''Franzensgruft,'' attaching it to the right wing of [[#VaultMTheresia|Maria Theresa’s Vault]]. It is in the [[Biedermeier]] style, as are the five tombs within it. ''In the center:'' {{biohead|57|Emperor '''[[Francis I of Austria|Franz II]]''' (Florence [[12 February]] [[1768]] - Vienna 2 March [[1835]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Eldest son of Emperor Leopold II.{{bioxref|113}} [[#ZegelChartLeopold113|<small>→Family Tree</small>]] He was emperor during the times of [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] and [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]. He changed crowns from Franz II of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] to Franz I of the[[Austrian Empire]] in mid-reign, and thus is often denoted as Franz II/I. The full-size crown atop his tomb is that of the Austrian Empire. He died at age 67 after a reign of 43 years. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. His statue, dressed as a Roman emperor, stands in the main courtyard of the [[Hofburg]] palace. ''In the corners, clockwise starting from the near left (south west) corner: *{{biohead|59|Empress '''[[Elisabeth Wilhelmine von Württemberg-Mömpelgard]]''' (Treptow [[21 April]] [[1767]] - Vienna [[18 February]] [[1790]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} First wife ([[1788]]) of Emperor Franz II.{{bioxref|57}} She died at age 22 a day after giving birth to Ludovika Elisabeth Franziska.{{bioxref|66}} *{{biohead|60|Empress '''[[Maria Teresa Carolina Giuseppina of Naples and Sicily|Maria Teresa of Naples and Sicily]]''' (Naples [[6 June]] [[1772]] - Vienna [[13 April]] [[1807]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}}Second wife ([[1790]]) at age 18 of Emperor Franz II.{{bioxref|57}} Mother of Empress Maria Louise{{bioxref|127}} (second wife of Napoleon), Emperor Ferdinand,{{bioxref|62}} and all subsequent children of her husband. Because her mother{{bioxref|107}} was a sister of her husband's father{{bioxref|113}} the couple were first cousins. [[#ZegelChartMTheresia56|<small>→Family Tree (ancestors)</small>]] She died at age 34 of tuburcular [[pleurisy]] just days after giving premature birth to Amalia Therese.{{bioxref|96}} Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|61|Empress '''[[Karolina Augusta of Bavaria]]''' (Mannheim [[8 February]] [[1792]] - Vienna [[9 February]] [[1873]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Fourth wife ([[1816]]) of Emperor Franz II.{{bioxref|57}} Died the day after her 81st birthday, having survived her husband by 38 years and two reigns. *{{biohead|58|Empress '''[[Maria Ludowika of Austia-Este]]''' (Monza [[14 December]] [[1787]] - Verona [[7 April]] [[1816]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Third wife ([[1808]]) at age 20 of 40-year old cousin Emperor Franz II,{{bioxref|57}} she contracted [[tuberculosis]] shortly after their wedding, suffering from it for the eight years of marriage before dying at age 28. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. Until [[1940]], this vault also held the body of a grandson of Emperor Franz II,{{bioxref|57}} '''[[Napoleon II of France|Franz Joseph Karl, Duke of Reichstadt]]'''{{bioxref|x811}} (1811 - 1832). [[#ZegelChartFranz57|<small>→Family Tree</small>]] [[Adolf Hitler]] ordered that the body be returned to France where it now rests in [[Les Invalides]] in [[Paris]] near the body of his father, [[Napoleon I of France|Napoléon Bonaparte]]. His heart is still buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. Through the doorway in the west wall to the left is the south part of the [[#VaultTuscan|Tuscan Vault]]. In the east wall is the west entrance to the [[#VaultChapel|Crypt Chapel]]. The north wall opens into [[#VaultFerd|Ferdinand’s Vault]]. <div id="VaultFerd"></div> == Ferdinand's Vault == The ''Ferdinandsgruft'' was built in [[1842]], along with the [[#VaultTuscan|Tuscan Vault]], in conjunction with the reconstruction of the monastery above. Although the visitor sees an almost-empty room with only two sarcophagi, this vault actually contains one-fourth of the Imperial Crypt's entire population, walled-up into the corner piers. ''Skip ahead to tombs:'' [[#VaultFerdSW|64-72]], [[#VaultFerdSE|73-79]], [[#VaultFerdNW|80-87]], [[#VaultFerdNE|88-100]] <div id="VaultFerdMain"></div> ===''Main Hall''=== *{{biohead|62|Emperor '''[[Ferdinand I of Austria]]''' (1793 - 1875)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Son of Emperor Franz II.{{bioxref|57}} His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|63|Empress '''[[Maria Anna of Savoy|Maria Anna]]''' (1803 - 1884)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Born Princess of Savoy, wife of Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria.{{bioxref|62}} <div id="VaultFerdSW"></div> ===''Within the southwest pier:''=== ''Nine tombs, mostly of youths:'' *{{biohead|64|Archduke '''Alexander Leopold''' Johann Joseph, Palatine of Hungary (Poggio Imperiale [[14 August]] [[1772]] - Laxenburg [[12 July]] [[1795]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Fourth son of Emperor Leopold II{{bioxref|113}} and Empress Maria Ludovika.{{bioxref|114}} Died at 13. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|65|Archduchess '''Maria Amalia''' Josephe Johanna Katharina Theresia (Florence [[15 October]] [[1780]] - Vienna [[25 December]] [[1798]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Daughter of Emperor Leopold II{{bioxref|113}} and Empress Maria Ludovika.{{bioxref|114}} Died at 18. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|66|Archduchess '''Louise Elisabeth''' (Vienna [[18 February]] [[1790]] - Vienna [[24 June]] [[1791]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Infant first daughter of Emperor Franz II{{bioxref|57}} and Empress Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|60}} Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|67|Archduchess '''Maria Eleonore''' of Austria-Teschen (Groß-Seelowitz [[19 November]] [[1864]] - Groß-Seelowitz [[9 December]] [[1864]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Infant second daughter of Archduke Karl Ferdinand.{{bioxref|121}} *{{biohead|68|Archduke '''Franz Joseph''' of Austria-Teschen (Groß-Seelowitz [[5 March]] [[1855]] - Groß-Seelowitz [[13 March]] [[1855]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Infant first son of Archduke Karl Ferdinand.{{bioxref|121}} His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|69|Archduke '''Joseph Franz''' Leopold (Vienna [[9 April]] [[1799]] - Laxenburg [[30 June]] [[1807]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Second son of Emperor Franz II{{bioxref|57}} and Empress Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|60}} Died at 8. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|70|Archduke '''Leopold''' Ludwig Maria Franz Julius Eustorgius Gerhard (Milan [[6 June]] [[1823]] - Hörnstein [[24 May]] [[1898]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} First son of Archduke [[Rainer of Austria|Rainer]]{{bioxref|x783}} and Elisabeth of Savoy. Died at 75. *{{biohead|71|Archduke '''Johann Nepomuk Karl''' (Vienna [[29 August]] [[1805]] - Vienna [[19 February]] [[1809]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Fourth son of Emperor Franz II{{bioxref|57}} and Empress Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|60}} Died at 4. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|72|Archduke '''Robert Ferdinand''' Salvator (Salzburg [[15 October]] [[1885]] - Salzburg [[2 August]] [[1895]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Ten-years old, last of the 11 children of Grand Duke Ferdinand IV of Tuscany{{bioxref|108}} and Alicia Bourbon-Parma. <div id="VaultFerdSE"></div> ===''Within the southeast pier:''=== *{{biohead|73|Archduchess '''Maria Antonia''' (1858 - 1883)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Daughter of Grand Duke Ferdinand IV of Tuscany.{{bioxref|108}} Died at 25. *{{biohead|74|Archduchess '''Maria Anna''' (1835 - 1840)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Daughter of Archduke Franz Karl{{bioxref|135}} and Sophie of Bavaria,{{bioxref|137}} sister of Emperor Franz Joseph{{bioxref|142}} Died at 5. *{{biohead|75|Archduchess '''[[Maria Karolina]]''' (1821 - 1844)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Daughter of Archduke [[Rainer of Austria|Rainer]]{{bioxref|x783}} and Princess Elisabeth of Savoy. Died at 23. *{{biohead|76|Archduke '''Ferdinand Salvator''' (1888 - 1891)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Son of Archduke Karl Salvator{{bioxref|90}} and Maria Immakulata.{{bioxref|89}} Died at 3. *{{biohead|77|Archduke '''Rainer Salvator''' (1880 - 1889)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Son of Archduke Karl Salvator{{bioxref|90}} and Maria Immakulata.{{bioxref|89}} Died at 9. *{{biohead|78|Archduchess '''Sophie Friederike''' (1855 - 1857)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Daughter of Emperor Franz Joseph{{bioxref|142}} and Empress Elisabeth (Sisi){{bioxref|143}} Died at 2. <!--Kapuzinerkirche site is wrong: she is not daughter of Emperor Franz II, but of Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany. --StanZegel. --> *{{biohead|79|Archduchess '''Karoline Ferdinanda''' (1793 - 1802)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Daughter of [[Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany]]{{bioxref|x769}} and Luisa Maria Amelia Teresa of Naples.{{bioxref|84a}} Died at 9. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. <div id="VaultFerdNW"></div> ===''Within the northwest pier:''=== ''Eight tombs, containing 9 bodies:'' *{{biohead|80|Archduchess '''Natalie''' Maria Theresia (Preßburg [[12 January]] [[1884]] - Preßburg [[23 March]] [[1898]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Fourth daughter of Archduke [[Friedrich of Teschen]] (second son of Archduke Karl Ferdinand{{bioxref|121}}) and Princess [[Isabella of Croy-Dülmen]]. Died at 14. *{{biohead|81|Archduchess '''Stephanie''' Maria Isabelle (Preßburg [[1 May]] [[1886]] - [[Ostend]] [[29 August]] [[1890]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Fifth daughter of Archduke Friedrich of Teschen (second son of Archduke Karl Ferdinand{{bioxref|121}}) and Princess Isabella von Croy-Dülmen. Died at 4. *{{biohead|82|Archduchess [[Marie Anne Franziska Theresia Josepha Medarde of Austria|'''Maria Anna''']] (Vienna [[8 June]] [[1804]] - Baden bei Wien [[28 December]] [[1858]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Unmarried 54-year old daughter of Emperor Franz II{{bioxref|57}} and Maria Theresia. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|83|Archduchess [[Maria Karoline Luise Christine of Austria|'''Maria Karoline''']] ([[10 September]][[1825]] - [[17 July]] [[1915]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Daughter of Archduke Karl.{{bioxref|122}} Wife ([[1852]]) of Archduke Ranier.{{bioxref|110}} Died at age 89. *{{biohead|84a|Grand Duchess [[Maria Luisa Amelia Teresa of Naples|'''Maria Luisa''']] (Naples [[27 July]] [[1773]] - Vienna [[19 September]] [[1802]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Died in childbirth{{bioxref|84b}} at 29. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. Daughter of Queen Maria Karolina of Naples and Sicily.{{bioxref|107}} First wife ([[1790]]) of [[Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany]].{{bioxref|x769}} [[#ZegelChartTuscan|<small>→Family Tree</small>]] :*{{biohead|84b|'''Unnamed''' ([[1802]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Infant son of Maria Luisa.{{bioxref|84a}} Both died during his birth and are buried in the same coffin. *{{biohead|85|Grand Duchess [[Maria Antonietta Anna of the Two Sicilies|'''Maria Antonietta''' Anna of the Two Sicilies]] (Palermo [[19 December]] [[1814]] - Orth [[7 November]] [[1898]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Second wife ([[1833]]) of [[Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany]].{{bioxref|109}} Died shortly before her 84th birthday. *{{biohead|86|Grand Duchess '''[[Maria Anna of Saxony]]''' (Dresden [[27 April]] [[1796]] - Schloß Brandeis, Bohemia [[3 January]] [[1865]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Second wife ([[1821]]) of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany.{{bioxref|x769}} Died at age 68. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|87|Archduchess '''Caroline Ludovika''' Leopoldine (Vienna [[9 December]] [[1795]] - Schloß Hetzendorf [[30 June]] [[1799]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Fourth daughter of Emperor Franz II{{bioxref|57}} and Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|60}} Died at 3. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. <div id="VaultFerdNE"></div> ===''Within the northeast pier:''=== ''Thirteen tombs, principally members of the Tuscan line:'' *{{biohead|88|Archduke '''Albrecht Salvator''' Marie Joseph Ferdinand Karl Anton Johannes Xaver Aloys Rainer Klemens Roman (Alt-Bunzlau [[22 November]] [[1871]] - Bolzano [[27 February]] [[1896]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Son of Archduke Karl Salvator{{bioxref|90}} and Maria Immakulata.{{bioxref|89}} Died at 24. *{{biohead|89|Archduchess '''Maria Immakulata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies''' (Naples [[14 April]] [[1844]] - Vienna [[18 February]] [[1899]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Wife of Archduke Karl Salvator.{{bioxref|90}} Died at age 54. *{{biohead|90|Archduke '''Karl Salvator''' Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Filippo Jacopo Gennaro Lodovico Gonzaga Raniero ([[Florence]] [[30 April]] [[1839]] - [[Vienna]] [[18 January]] [[1892]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Son of Grand Duke Leopold II of Tuscany.{{bioxref|109}} Among his sons was Franz Salvator, who married [[Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria|Marie Valerie]], a daughter of Emperor Franz Joseph.{{bioxref|142}} Died at 52. *{{biohead|91|''(Urn containing the cremated remains of)'' Archduke '''[[Leopold Alfons, Archduke of Austria|Leopold Maria Alphons]]''' Blanka Karl Anton Beatrix Michael Joseph Peter Ignatz (Agram [[30 January]] [[1897]] - Mansfield, Connecticut [[14 March]] [[1958]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Second son of Archduke Leopold Salvator.{{bioxref|132}} Naturalized in the USA as Leopold Lorraine in 1953. Died at 61. Married morganatically. *{{biohead|92|Archduchess '''Maria Antonia''' Immakulata Josepha Ferdinanda Theresia Leopoldine Franziska Karoline Isabella Januaria Luise Christine Appolonie (Vienna [[18 April]] [[1874]] - Arco [[14 January]] [[1891]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Daughter of Archduke Karl Salvator{{bioxref|90}} and Maria Immakulata.{{bioxref|89}} *{{biohead|93|Archduke '''Ernst''' Karl Felix Maria Rainer Gottfried Cyriak (Milan [[8 August]] [[1824]] - Arco [[4 April]] [[1899]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Son of Archduke [[Rainer of Austria|Rainer]]{{bioxref|x783}} and Princess Elisabeth of Savoy. Married [[Morganatic marriage|morganatically]] and his children bore the surname ''von Wallburg''. *{{biohead|94|Archduchess '''Adelgunde of Bavaria''' (1823 - 1914)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Wife of Archduke Franz V of Austria-Este, Duke of Modena.{{bioxref|101}} Daughter of [[Ludwig I of Bavaria]] and sister of Hildegard of Bavaria.{{bioxref|129}} *{{biohead|95|Archduchess Maria '''Karoline Leopoldine''' Franziska Theresia Josepha Medarde (Vienna [[8 June]] [[1794]] - Vienna [[16 March]] [[1795]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Daughter of Emperor Franz II{{bioxref|57}} and Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|60}} Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|96|Archduchess '''Amalia Therese''' (Vienna [[6 April]] [[1807]] - [[9 April]] [[1807]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Three-day old daughter of Emperor Franz II{{bioxref|57}} and Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|60}} *{{biohead|97|Archduchess '''Henriette Maria''' Immakulata Adelgunde Josepha Ferdinande Theresia Leopoldine Franziska Karoline Isabella Januaria Luise Christine Eleonore (Vienna [[20 February]] [[1884]] - Traunkirchen [[13 August]] [[1886]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Daughter of Archduke Karl Salvator{{bioxref|90}} and Maria Immakulata.{{bioxref|89}} *{{biohead|98|Archduke '''Ludwig Salvator''' Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Dominicus Raineri Ferdinando Carl Zenobius Antonin (Florence [[4 August]] [[1847]] - Schloß Brandeis [[12 October]] [[1915]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Son of Grand Duke Leopold II of Tuscany.{{bioxref|109}} Sociologist and traveler of the Mediterranean. [http://www.ludwig-salvator.com Memorial website (in German)]. *{{biohead|99|Infanta '''[[Maria Theresia of Portugal]]''' (Kleinheubach [[24 August]] [[1855]] - Vienna [[12 February]] [[1944]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} At age 18 she became the third wife ([[1873]]) of the twice-widowed Archduke Karl Ludwig{{bioxref|138}} who was 22 years older, and she survived him by 48 years. For the seven years after the death of Crown Prince Rudolf{{bioxref|144}} her husband was the heir-apparent and she undertook many of the representional duties neglected by the ever-travelling Empress Elisabeth ''("Sissi")''{{bioxref|143}} until her married stepson Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este{{bioxref|x863}} became the heir-apparent. During [[World War I]] she worked as a nurse, and accompanied the last emperor, Karl I{{bioxref|x887}} into exile on [[Madeira]] but returned to spend her old age in Vienna. *{{biohead|100|Archduke '''[[Joseph Ferdinand Salvator of Austria-Tuscany|Joseph Ferdinad]]''' Salvator Maria Franz Leopold Anton Albert Johann Baptist Karl Ludwig Rupert Maria Auxilatrix (Salzburg [[24 May]] [[1872]] - Vienna [[25 August]] [[1942]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Second son of Archduke Ferdinand IV of Tuscany.{{bioxref|108}} Like his cousin Archduke Leopold Salvator{{bioxref|132}} he had an interest in ballooning, and once flew his balloon from [[Linz]] to [[Dieppe, France|Dieppe]] in only 16 hours. His interest in things aeronautical had brought him into contact with the future head of the German air force, [[Herman Goering]], who later used his influence to free the Archduke from the German concentration camp at [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]] in [[1938]] after only 80 days there. Had issue from two morganatic marriages. <div id="VaultTuscan"></div> == The Tuscan Vault == The ''Toscanagruft'' was built in [[1842]], along with [[#VaultFerd|Ferdinand’s Vault]]. At that time there were 85 bodies plus the heart urns of three other persons in the five vaults of the crypt. The Tuscan Vault once held many more than the present 14 tombs, but most were moved to the [[#VaultNew|New Vault]] or enclosed within the piers of [[#VaultFerd|Ferdinand’s Vault]] during the major rearrangement of [[1960]]. The 5-meter wide vault is very large, being 21 meters long, and extends along the entire western lengths of both Ferdinand's Vault and [[#VaultFranz|Franz’s Vault]], ending only when it meets the outside wall of the west transept of Maria Theresia's Vault. This vault takes its name from the many descendants of the younger sons of Emperor Leopold II,{{bioxref|113}} as Grand Duke of Tuscany, who are entombed here. ''Note: the arrangement of tombs listed below was accurate before the [[2003]] renovation, but they have been rearranged since then.'' ''In the archway from [[#VaultFerd|Ferdinand’s Vault]], from left to right:'' *{{biohead|111|Duke '''[[Albert of Saxony-Teschen]]''' ([[11 July]] [[1738]] - [[10 February]] [[1822]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Husband of Archduchess Maria Christina.{{bioxref|112}} The [[Albertina (Vienna)|Albertina]] museum, in his former palace, is named for him because his collection of paintings formed the nucleus of the museum. After the early death of their only child,{{bioxref|54}} the couple became the adoptive parents of Archduke Karl,{{bioxref|122}} the victor of Aspern. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|112|Archduchess [[Marie Christine of Austria|'''Maria Christina''' Johanna Josephe Antonie]] ''("Mimi")'' ([[3 May]] [[1742]] - [[24 June]] [[1798]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Favorite daughter of Empress Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|56}} Her mother stalled arranged marriages until after the death of her father, Emperor Franz I Stephen,{{bioxref|55}} so that Maria Christina could marry for love instead of reasons of state -- the only child allowed to do so. She chose Duke Albert of Teschen.{{bioxref|111}} The famous and moving monument he erected to her memory is in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. She died of Typhus at age 56. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|113|Emperor '''[[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]]''' ([[1747]] - [[1792]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Third son of Empress Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|56}} [[#ZegelChartMTheresia56|<small>→Family Tree</small>]] Most of his career was spent in Florence, reforming the governance there as Grand Duke of Tuscany, and only his final two years were as Emperor. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|114|Empress [[Maria Louise of Sicily|'''Maria Ludovika''']] ([[24 November]] [[1745]] - [[15 May]] [[1792]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Originally contracted to marry Empress Maria Theresia's{{bioxref|56}} second son, Archduke Karl Joseph,{{bioxref|44}} his early death diverted her instead to the third son, who later became Emperor Leopold II.{{bioxref|113}} In the course of 21 years, she bore her not-always-faithful husband 16 children, among them Emperor Franz II,{{bioxref|57}} and Archduke Karl{{bioxref|122}} the victor of Aspern. Grieving for her husband, she outlived him by only two months leaving many small children. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. ''Behind them, from left to right:'' *{{biohead|105|Archduke [[Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este|'''Ferdinand Karl Anton''' Joseph Johann Stanislaus]] ([[1 June]] [[1754]] - [[24 December]] [[1806]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Fourth son of Empress Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|56}} Governor of Lombardy and, later, the [[Austrian Netherlands]]. Founder of the House of Austria-Este.{{bioxref|102}}, {{bioxref|x779}} His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|106|Archduchess '''[[Maria Beatrix of Este]]''' ([[7 April]] [[1750]] - [[14 November]] [[1829]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Wife of Archduke Ferdinand Karl Anton.{{bioxref|105}} *{{biohead|107|Queen '''[[Maria Karolina of Naples and Sicily]]''' [[1752]] - [[1814]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Daughter of Empress Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|56}} Wife of King [[Ferdinand of Naples and Sicily]], to whom she bore 17 children. Almost everyone buried in the Imperial Crypt who was born after 1765 is a descendant of her or her brother Emperor Leopold II.{{bioxref|113}} Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. ''To the right of the archway, along the north wall, from left to right:'' *{{biohead|108|Archduke '''[[Ferdinand IV of Tuscany|Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany]]''' Salvatore Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Francesco Lodovico Gonzaga Raffaele Ranerio Gennaro ([[1835]] - [[1908]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Son of Archduke Leopold II,{{bioxref|109}} Grand Duke of Tuscany. Married ([[1856]]) [[Anne of Saxony]] (Dresden [[4 January]] [[1836]] - Naples [[10 February]] [[1859]]), then ([[1868]]) [[Alicia of Bourbon-Parma]] (Parma [[27 December]] [[1849]] - Schwertberg [[16 January]] [[1935]]). Lost his throne, 9 months after his father{{bioxref|109}} had abdicated it to him, when Tuscany was annexed to Italy in [[1860]]. *{{biohead|109|Archduke '''[[Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany]]''' ([[3 October]] [[1797]] - [[29 January]] [[1870]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Son of [[Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany]].{{bioxref|x769}} Abdicated his throne in [[1859]] in favor of his son.{{bioxref|108}} *{{biohead|110|Archduke [[Rainer Ferdinand Maria Johann Evangelist Franz Ignaz of Austria (1827-1913)|'''Rainer''' Ferdinand Maria Johann Evangelist Franz Ignaz]] ([[11 January]] [[1827]] - [[27 January]] [[1913]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}}} Son of Archduke [[Rainer of Austria|Rainer]].{{bioxref|x783}} Married Archduchess Marie Karoline.{{bioxref|83}} A major ancient manuscript collector, his 100,000-piece collection is the nucleus of the [http://www.onb.ac.at/ev/collections/papyrus/index.htmpapyrus Papyrus Museum] of the Austrian National Library. ''To the left of the archway, along the west wall, from left to right:'' *{{biohead|102|Archduke '''[[Ferdinand Karl of Austria-Este]]''' ([[1781]] - [[1850]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Son of Archduke Ferdinand Karl Anton.{{bioxref|105}} Military commander during the Napoleonic Wars. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|103|Archduke '''[[Anton Viktor of Austria|Anton Viktor]]''' ([[31 August]] [[1779]] - [[2 April]] [[1835]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Eighth son of Emperor Leopold II.{{bioxref|113}} Last Grand Master of the [[Teutonic Knights|Order of Teutonic Knights]] before Napoleon suppressed it outside of the Habsburg lands. It still functions today, as a religious order operating charitable hospitals in Europe. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|104|Archduke '''[[Archduke Louis of Austria|Ludwig Joseph]]''' ([[13 December]] [[1784]] - [[21 December]] [[1864]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Eleventh son of Emperor Leopold II.{{bioxref|113}} Promoter of industrialization in Austria after studying its success in England. Member of the Council of State that exercised power during the reign of the feeble-minded Emperor Ferdinand{{bioxref|62}} of Austria. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. ''In front of them, along the east wall:'' *{{biohead|101|Archduke '''[[Francis V, Duke of Modena|Franz V of Austria-Este, Duke of Modena]]''' ([[1819]] - [[1875]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Son of [[Francis IV, Duke of Modena|Franz IV of Austria-Este]].{{bioxref|x779}} After the death of his mother [[Maria Beatrice of Savoy]] in [[1840]], he was considered the legitimate heir to the British throne by [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]]. He was the last reigning Duke of Modena, which was forcibly incorporated into the new [[Italian unification|Kingdom of Italy]] in [[1860]]. Having no surviving descendant, he left most of his huge estate to his ill-fated cousin Archduke Franz Ferdinand,{{bioxref|x863}} who subsequently used the title Archduke of Austria-Este. The art collection of his now-extinct branch, accumulated over centuries, is now in the [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]]. <div id="VaultNew"></div> == The New Vault ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen]] --> The ''Neue Gruft'' was built between [[1960]] and [[1962]] under the monastery grounds as a 280 square meter enlargement to eliminate the overcrowded jumble of 140 bodies (plus cremation and heart urns of four other persons) in the other nine vaults, and to provide a climate-controlled environment to protect the metal sarcophagi from further deterioration. Its stark concrete walls evoke the solemnity of death. The New Vault is entered from [[#VaultFerd|Ferdinand’s Vault]], and exits into the back of [[#VaultFranzJoseph|Franz Joseph’s Vault]]. It contains 26 sarcophagi: ''Skip ahead to tombs:'' [[#VaultNewWest|115-119]], [[#VaultNewNorthWest|120-126]], [[#VaultNewSouth|127]], [[#VaultNewNorthEast|128-134]], [[#VaultNewEast|135-141]] <div id="VaultNewWest"></div> ===''West Wall''=== ''To the left of the entrance, proceeding along the west wall from south to north, the "Bishops Row":'' *{{biohead|115|Archduke '''[[Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria|Leopold Wilhelm]]''' ([[6 April]] [[1614]] - [[20 November]] [[1662]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Son of Emperor Ferdinand II.{{bioxref|x578}} Named at age 13 to take over his uncle [[Leopold V of Austria (Habsburg)|Leopold's]] renounced see at Halberstaedt (when he became 22, this was confirmed by the Pope) and later became also Bishop of Olomouc, Bishop of Breslau, and Grand Master of the [[Teutonic Knights]]. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]] and his intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|116|Archduke '''[[Karl Joseph of Austria|Karl Joseph]]''' ([[7 August]] [[1649]] - [[27 January]] [[1664]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Son of Emperor Ferdinand III{{bioxref|27}} and Empress Maria Leopoldina,{{bioxref|21}} who died during his birth. Bishop of Olomouc and Grand Master of the [[Teutonic Knights]] at age 13 as heir to his uncle, Archduke Leopold Wilhelm.{{bioxref|115}} The art collection he inherited from Archduke Leopold Wilhelm{{bioxref|115}} became the foundation of the [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]]. Died at age 15. His intestines are buried separately in the [[Ducal Crypt]] of the [[Stephansdom]]. *{{biohead|117|'''[[Karl Joseph of Lorraine]]''' ([[1680]] - [[1715]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdinand27}} Son of Archduchess Eleonora Maria{{bioxref|18}} and [[Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine]]. Archbishop of Trier. Uncle of Emperor Franz I Stephen,{{bioxref|55}} the husband of Empress Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|56}} He died unexpectedly of smallpox while visiting Vienna and, not being a Habsburg in the male line nor married to one, was originally buried in the [[Minorite church (Vienna)|Minoritenkirche]] but was brought here the next year. :*Urn containing heart of Archbishop Karl Joseph of Lorraine,{{bioxref|117}} placed atop his sarcophagus. *{{biohead|118|Archduke '''[[Maximilian Franz of Austria|Maximilian Franz]]''' ([[8 December]] [[1756]] - [[26 July]] [[1801]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Youngest son of Empress Maria Theresia.{{bioxref|56}} Archbishop of Cologne. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|119|Archduke '''[[Rudolph of Austria (Cardinal)|Rudolph]]''' ([[8 January]][[1788]] - [[24 July]] [[1831]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Youngest son of Emperor Leopold II.{{bioxref|113}} Cardinal and Archbishop of Olomouc. A piano pupil of [[Ludwig van Beethoven]], Beethoven dedicated 14 compositions to him, including the [[Piano Trio No. 7 (Beethoven)|Archduke Trio]] and his great [[Missa Solemnis (Beethoven)|Missa Solemnis]]. He, in turn, dedicated one of his own compositions to Beethoven. <div id="VaultNewSouth"></div> ===''South Wall''=== ''Along the south wall:'' *{{biohead|127|Empress '''[[Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria|Maria Louise]]''' ([[1791]] - [[1847]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Daughter of Emperor Franz II.{{bioxref|57}} Empress of France as second wife of [[Napoleon I of France|Napoléon Bonaparte]], later Duchess of Parma in her own right. *A memorial tablet to "the first victims of the World War 1914 - 1918", Archduke [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|Franz Ferdinand]]{{bioxref|x863}} ([[1863]] - [[1914]]), son of Archduke Karl Ludwig,{{bioxref|138}} and to Franz Ferdinand's wife Countess [[Sophie Chotek|Sophie of Chotkova and Wognin]]{{bioxref|x868}} ([[1868]] - [[1914]]). The couple are buried in the crypt of the castle at [[Schloß Artstetten|Artstetten]]. <div id="VaultNewNorthWest"></div> ===''North Wall''=== ''Proceeding along the north wall, from west to east, the first ledge contains the immediate family of Archduke Karl{{bioxref|122}} the victor of Aspern:'' *{{biohead|120|Archduke '''[[Wilhelm Franz Karl of Austria|Wilhelm Franz Karl]]''' ([[21 April]] [[1827]] - [[29 July]] [[1894]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Youngest son of Archduke Karl.{{bioxref|122}} Became Grand Master of the [[Teutonic Knights]]. *{{biohead|121|Archduke '''[[Karl Ferdinand of Austria-Teschen|Karl Ferdinand]]''' ([[1818]] - [[1874]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Son of Archduke Karl.{{bioxref|122}} [[Image:HabsburgStammtafelGruftKarl122.png|thumb|Archduke Karl's{{bioxref|122}} family buried here.]] *{{biohead|122|Archduke '''[[Archduke Charles of Austria|Karl]] "the victor of [[Battle of Aspern-Essling|Aspern]]"''' ([[1771]] - [[1847]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Duke of Teschen, third son of Emperor Leopold II.{{bioxref|113}} He was adopted by the childless Albert of Saxony-Teschen{{bioxref|111}} and Archduchess Maria Christina.{{bioxref|112}} A statue of him on horseback, holding the regimental colors aloft to rally his troops against Napoleon, stands in the [[Heldenplatz]] in Vienna. His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|123|Archduchess '''[[Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg]]''' ([[30 October]] [[1797]] - [[29 December]] [[1829]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Wife of Archduke Karl.{{bioxref|122}} She is the only [[Protestant]] buried here, after Emperor Franz II{{bioxref|57}} overrode the resistance of the resident clergy. :*Urn with heart and entrails of Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg.{{bioxref|123}} *{{biohead|125|Archduke '''Rudolph Franz''' ([[1822]] - [[1822]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Infant son of Archduke Karl.{{bioxref|122}} His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. ''On its own pedestal, directly across from the tomb of Empress Maria Louise{{bioxref|127}}:'' *{{biohead|126|Emperor '''[[Maximilian of Habsburg|Maximilian I of Mexico]]''' ([[1832]] - [[1867]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Second son of Archduke Franz Karl{{bioxref|135}} and brother of Emperor Franz Joseph.{{bioxref|142}} Created Emperor of Mexico by France and the Mexican Conservative rival Government, he was overthrown and executed by forces of the warring Mexican Liberals, who would go on to found the Republic. <div id="VaultNewNorthEast"></div> ''The next ledge along the north wall, from left to right, mostly contains the family of Archduke Albrecht{{bioxref|128}} a great military commander of the following generation:'' *{{biohead|128|Archduke '''[[Archduke Albrecht of Austria|Albrecht]]''' ([[1817]] - [[1895]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Eldest son of Archduke Karl.{{bioxref|122}} Because of a distinguished military career, an equestrian statue of him was erected on the ramp outside of his former home, the [[Albertina (Vienna)|Albertina]] in Vienna. *{{biohead|129|Archduchess '''[[Hildegard of Bavaria]]''' ([[10 June]] [[1825]] - [[2 April]] [[1864]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Wife of Archduke Albrecht.{{bioxref|128}} Sister of Adelgunde of Bavaria.{{bioxref|94}} Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|130|Archduchess '''[[Mathilde of Austria-Teschen]]''' ([[25 January]] [[1849]] - [[6 June]] [[1867]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Daughter of Archduke Albrecht.{{bioxref|128}} At age 18, trying to hide a burning cigarette behind her back, she set her clothes afire and died from her injuries. Her heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]]. *{{biohead|131|Archduke '''Karl Albert of Austria-Teschen''' ([[1847]] - [[1848]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Infant son of Archduke Albrecht.{{bioxref|128}} *{{biohead|132|Archduke '''[[Leopold Salvator of Austria-Tuscany|Leopold Salvator]]''' Maria Joseph Ferdinand Franz von Assisi Karl Anton von Padua Johann Baptist Januarius Aloys Gonzaga Ranier Wenzel Gallus (Alt-Bunzlau, Bohemia [[15 October]] [[1863]] - Vienna [[4 September]] [[1931]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Eldest son of Archduke Karl Salvator.{{bioxref|90}} During a brilliant military career, he reorganized and modernized the Austrian artillery, becoming Inspector General in [[1908]]. He flew hot air balloons and work on the development of [[airship]]s. He grew rich from his inventions such as all-wheel drive and half-track trucks for the army. Married ([[1889]]) Blanca Infanta of Spain (Graz 7 Sep 1868-Viareggio 25 Oct 1949). *{{biohead|133|Archduke '''[[Ranier Karl of Austria-Tuscany|Rainer Karl]]''' Leopold Blanka Anton Margarete Beatrix Peter Joseph Raphael Michael Ignaz Stephan (Zagreb [[21 November]] [[1895]] - Vienna [[25 May]] [[1930]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} First son of Archduke Leopold Salvator.{{bioxref|132}} Unmarried. *{{biohead|134|Archduchess '''[[Margarete Karoline of Saxony]]''' ([[24 May]] [[1840]] - [[15 September]][[1858]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} First wife ([[1856]]) of her mother's nephew, Archduke Karl Ludwig.{{bioxref|138}} The marriage had not yet produced any children when she fell ill of typhus while on holiday in [[Monza]] and died at age 18. Her heart is buried in the Hofkapelle in [[Innsbruck]]. <div id="VaultNewEast"></div> ===''East Wall''=== ''Proceeding along the east wall, from north to south, the direct ancestors of the last emperors:'' *{{biohead|135|Archduke '''[[Archduke Franz Karl of Austria|Franz Karl]]''' ([[1802]] - [[1878]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Third son of Emperor Franz II.{{bioxref|57}} When his elder brother Emperor Ferdinand{{bioxref|62}} abdicated in [[1848]], he stood aside so that his son, Emperor Franz Joseph,{{bioxref|142}} could succeed to the throne instead. Great grandfather of the last reigning emperor, Emperor Karl I.{{bioxref|x887}} His heart is buried in the [[Herzgruft (Vienna)|Herzgruft]] in the [[Augustinerkirche]].[[Image:HabsburgStammtafelGruftFranz.png|thumb|Last Emperors]] *{{biohead|136|'''Unnamed''' ([[1840]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Infant son of Archduke Franz Karl.{{bioxref|135}} *{{biohead|137|Archduchess '''[[Sophie, Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Bavaria|Sophie]]''' ([[1805]] - [[1872]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Wife ([[1824]]) of Archduke Franz Karl.{{bioxref|135}} Friendly with Napoleon's son{{bioxref|x811}} in her youth. She tried to arrange a marriage between her son Emperor Franz Joseph{{bioxref|142}} and the eldest daughter of her sister, but he chose the youngest daughter ''"Sissi"''{{bioxref|143}} instead. *{{biohead|138|Archduke '''[[Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria|Karl Ludwig]]''' ([[1833]] - [[1896]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Third son of Archduke Franz Karl.{{bioxref|135}} Brother of Emperor Franz Joseph,{{bioxref|142}} father of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este{{bioxref|x863}} and Otto{{bioxref|140}} and grandfather of Emperor Karl I.{{bioxref|x887}} After the death of Crown Prince Rudolf{{bioxref|144}} he was the heir-apparent. *{{biohead|139|Archduchess '''[[Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Sicily]]''' ([[24 March]] [[1843]] - [[4 May]] [[1871]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Second wife ([[1862]]) of Archduke Karl Ludwig.{{bioxref|138}} *{{biohead|140|Archduke '''[[Archduke Otto Franz of Austria|Otto]] ''"der Schöne"''''' (the gorgeous) ([[1865]] - [[1906]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Second son of Archduke Karl Ludwig.{{bioxref|138}} Father of Emperor Karl I.{{bioxref|x887}} Usually remembered for the widely-circulated story that he had been spotted in a hallway at the [[Hotel Sacher]] about to enter a lady's room, wearing only a sword. *{{biohead|141|Archduchess '''[[Maria Josefa of Saxony]]''' ([[31 May]] [[1867]] - [[28 May]] [[1944]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Wife ([[1886]]) of Archduke Otto.{{bioxref|140}} She strived to keep her children away from the influence of her notorious husband, and her ability to avoid excessive displays of grief when he died was much noted. She would probably wish her tomb was not exactly where it now is. She accompanied the last reigning emperor, Karl I{{bioxref|x887}} into exile, and spent the remainder of her life with his family after his death. <div id="VaultFranzJoseph"></div> == Franz Joseph's Vault == By [[1908]] the seven vaults of the crypt already held 129 bodies, plus the heart urns of another 3 persons. In that year the ''Franz Josephs Gruft'' was built, along with the adjacent Chapel, as part of the celebrations of Emperor Franz Josef's{{bioxref|142}} 60 years on the throne. The vault is usually entered from the north wall in the rear, through the southeast door of the [[#VaultNew|New Vault]]. ''From the foot of the tombs, left to right:'' [[Image:Kaiser Franz Joseph tomb - Vienna.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Franz Joseph's Vault, showing the pedestal of the stone tomb of Emperor Franz Josef, flanked by wife Elisabeth and son Rudolf.]] *{{biohead|143|Empress '''[[Elisabeth of Bavaria]] ''("Sissi")''''' ([[1837]] - [[1898]])| Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Wife of Emperor Franz Joseph.{{bioxref|142}} *{{biohead|142|Emperor '''[[Franz Joseph of Austria|Franz Josef]]''' ([[1830]] - [[1916]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Son of Archduke Franz Karl.{{bioxref|135}} *{{biohead|144|Archduke '''[[Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria|Rudolf]]''' ([[1858]] - [[1889]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Son of Emperor Franz Joseph.{{bioxref|142}} Turning around from the foot of the tombs, the doorway on the south wall of this vault leads into the [[#VaultChapel|Crypt Chapel]]. <div id="VaultChapel"></div> == The Crypt Chapel == The ''Gruftkapelle'' was built, along with [[#VaultFranzJoseph|Franz Joseph’s Vault]], in [[1908]]. It is usually entered from the south doorway of Franz Joseph's Vault. It contains one sarcophagus: ''As one enters, to the right extending from the west wall:'' *{{biohead|147|Empress '''[[Zita of Bourbon-Parma]]''' ([[1892]] - [[1989]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Wife ([[1911]]) of Emperor Karl I{{bioxref|x887}} of Austria. The hearts of this couple are in the crypt of the [http://www.klosterkirche-muri.ch/kloster/loreto.html Loretto Chapel] of the [[Benedictine]] Monastery at [[Muri Abbey|Muri]], [[Switzerland]]. ''To the left, in front of the east wall:'' *A statue of the Madonna, presented by Hungarian ladies in [[1899]] as a memorial to Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria.{{bioxref|143}} ''In the far-right (southeast) corner:'' *A memorial bust of ([[Beatification|Blessed]]) Emperor [[Karl I of Austria]]{{bioxref|x887}} ([[1887]] - [[1922]]), the last reigning Emperor, whose body is buried in the [[Nossa Senhora do Monte]] church in [[Funchal]] on the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] island of [[Madeira]]. [[#ZegelChartFranz57|<small>→Family Tree</small>]] The doorway to the right enters the east side of [[#VaultFranz|Franz’s Vault]]; the west doorway, to the left, is an exit stairway. == Selected Other Habsburgs == Not all of the significant Habsburgs are entombed here. Those referred to in this article but resting elsewhere are: *<div id="biox415"><small>x415</small> Emperor '''[[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]]''' ''("AEIOU")'' ([[1415]] - [[1493]]), in the [[Stephansdom]], [[Vienna]]. </div> *{{biohead|x459|Emperor '''[[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]]''' ([[1459]] - [[1519]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Son of Emperor Frederick III.{{bioxref|x415}} Buried in the [[Georgskapelle]], [[Wiener Neustadt]]. *{{biohead|x457|Duchess '''[[Mary of Burgundy]]''' ([[1457]] - [[1482]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Wealthy heiress of Burgundy, wife of Emperor Maximilian I.{{bioxref|x459}} Buried in the [[Church of Our Lady, Bruges|Church of Our Lady]], [[Bruges]]. *{{biohead|x478|King '''[[Philip I of Castile]]''' ([[1478]] - [[1506]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Son of Emperor Maximilian I.{{bioxref|x459}} Buried in the [[Capilla Real]], [[Granada]]. *{{biohead|x500|Emperor '''[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]''' ([[1500]] - [[1556]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Eldest son of King Philip I of Castile.{{bioxref|x478}} Buried in the crypt of [[El Escorial]], near [[Madrid]]. :* his descendant successors as [[List of Spanish monarchs#House of Habsburg .2F House of Austria|Kings of Spain]], in the crypt of El Escorial, near Madrid. *{{biohead|x503|Emperor '''[[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]]''' ([[1503]] - [[1564]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Second son of King Philip I of Castile{{bioxref|x478}} and brother of Emperor Charles V.{{bioxref|x500}} Buried in [[St. Vitus Cathedral]], [[Prague]]. *{{biohead|x527|Emperor '''[[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]]''' ([[1527]] - [[1576]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand I.{{bioxref|x503}} Buried in [[St. Vitus Cathedral]], [[Prague]]. *{{biohead|x552|Emperor '''[[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]]''' ([[1552]] - [[1612]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Son of Emperor Maximilian II.{{bioxref|x527}} Buried in [[St. Vitus Cathedral]], [[Prague]]. *{{biohead|x540|Archduke '''[[Charles II of Austria|Charles II of Styria]]''' ([[1540]] - [[1590]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Third son of Emperor Ferdinand I.{{bioxref|x503}} Buried in the [http://www.kaisergruft.at/anhang/seckau.htm Stiftsbasilika], in [[Seckau]]. :* his descendants, the Inner Austria line, in the Stiftsbasilika in Seckau. ''After the Imperial Crypt opened in [[1632]]:'' *{{biohead|x578|Emperor '''[[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]]''' ([[1578]] - [[1637]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFerdx503}} Eldest son of Archduke [[Charles II of Austria|Charles II of Styria]].{{bioxref|x540}} Buried in the [http://www.kaisergruft.at/anhang/graz.htm Grazer Dom], [[Graz]]. :* his descendants, the Austrian Line, are the major group entombed in this Imperial Crypt. *{{biohead|x755|Queen '''[[Marie Antoinette]]''' ([[1755]] - [[1793]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Daughter of Empress Maria Theresa.{{bioxref|56}} Buried in [[Saint Denis Basilica]] in [[Paris]]. *{{biohead|x769|Archduke '''[[Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany]]''' ([[1769]] - [[1824]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartTuscan}} Son of Emperor Leopold II.{{bioxref|113}} [[#ZegelChartLeopold113|<small>→Family Tree </small>]] Buried in the [[Basilica di San Lorenzo di Firenze|Basilica of San Lorenzo]] in [[Florence]]. *{{biohead|x779|Archduke '''[[Francis IV, Duke of Modena]]''' ([[1779]] - [[1846]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartMTheresia56}} Son of Archduke Ferdinand Karl Anton.{{bioxref|105}} Buried in the [http://www.jacobite.ca/gazetteer/Modena/SVincenzo.htm Chiesa di San Vincenzo] in [[Modena]]. *{{biohead|x783|Archduke '''[[Rainer of Austria|Rainer]]''' ([[30 September]] [[1783]] - [[16 January]] [[1853]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Son of Emperor Leopold II.{{bioxref|113}} Buried in the Maria Himmelfahrtskirche in [[Bolzano]] (Italy). *{{biohead|x811|Prince '''[[Napoleon II of France|Franz Joseph Karl, Duke of Reichstadt]]''' (1811 - 1832)|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Son of [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] and Empress Maria Louise.{{bioxref|127}} Buried in [[Les Invalides]] in [[Paris]]. *{{biohead|x856|Archduke '''[[Friedrich Maria Albrecht Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Teschen]]''' ((Groß-Seelowitz [[4 June]] [[1856]] - Ungarisch-Altenburg [[30 December]] [[1936]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartLeopold113}} Second son of Archduke Karl Ferdinand{{bioxref|121}} Buried in the Pfarrkirche in Ungarisch-Altenburg (now [[Mosonmagyaróvár]]), Hungary. *{{biohead|x868|Archduke '''[[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este]]''' ([[1863]] - [[1914]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Heir Apparent, eldest son of Archduke Karl Ludwig.{{bioxref|138}} Buried in the [http://www.kaisergruft.at/kaisergruft/artstetten.htm Schlosskapelle]at [[Schloß Artstetten|Artstetten]]. *{{biohead|x868|Duchess '''[[Sophie Chotek|Sophie of Hohenberg]]''' ([[1868]] - [[1914]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Born Countess Chotek, wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.{{bioxref|x863}} Buried in the Schlosskapelle at Artstetten. *{{biohead|x887|Emperor '''[[Charles I of Austria|Karl I]]''' ([[1887]] - [[1922]])|Imperial Crypt#ZegelChartFranz57}} Eldest son of Archduke Otto Franz.{{bioxref|140}} Buried in the [[Nossa Senhora do Monte]] church in [[Monte (Funchal)]] on the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] island of [[Madeira]]. == See also == * [[Imperial Crypt]], the main article. * [[Ducal Crypt (Vienna)]], the traditional burial place for the viscera of those entombed here. * [[Herzgruft (Vienna)]], the traditional depository for the hearts of those entombed here. * [[Palatinal Crypt]], the burial place of the Hungarian Habsburgs in [[Buda Castle]] == References == *[http://www.kaisergruft.at/kaisergruft/gruft1.htm Official Website] (in German) *[http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html Online Gotha] maintained by Paul Theroff *[http://www.kapuziner.at/wien/geschichte.html Capuchin Monastery in Vienna] (in German) * {{cite book|author=Kusin, Eberhard|year=1973|title=Die Kaisergruft|publisher=Baster-Verlag, Vienna|id=}} * {{cite book|author=Louda, Jiri|year=1981|title=Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe|publisher=C.N.Potter, New York|id=ISBN 0-517-54558-6}} {{Commons|Kaisergruft (Vienna)}} [[Category:Cemeteries in Austria]] [[Category:House of Habsburg]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Vienna]] [[Category:Visitor attractions in Vienna]] [[de:Kapuzinergruft]] [[nl:Kapuzinergruft]]