Indiana Jones
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225622845
2008-07-14T16:35:42Z
86.41.207.9
{{otheruse|this=the fictional character|use1=the media franchise|page1=Indiana Jones franchise}}
{{Indiana Jones character
|image =[[Image:Indiana Jones in Raiders of the Lost Ark.jpg|234px]]
|name =Indiana Jones
|creator =[[George Lucas]]
|actor = '''Films:'''<br>[[Harrison Ford]] (ages 36-5<!-- The character's year of birth is 1899, hence why it's listed as age 58-->8)<br />[[River Phoenix]] (age 13)<br />'''TV Series:'''<br />[[Corey Carrier]] (ages 8-10)<br />[[Sean Patrick Flanery]] (ages 16-21)<br />[[George Hall (actor)|George Hall]] (age 93)<br /><!--[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2717226/ Neil Boulane] (baby)<br />-->'''Video games:'''<br />[[Doug Lee (voice actor)|Doug Lee]] (voice)<br />[[David Esch]] (voice)
|first =''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''
|}}
'''Dr. Henry Walton Jones, Jr.''',<ref>The character's full name is stated in the [[Corey Carrier]] narration of the feature-length episode ''My First Adventure'' from the ''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]''.</ref> better known as '''Indiana Jones''' or '''Indy''', is a [[fictional character|fictional]] [[adventurer]], [[professor]] of [[history]] and [[archaeology]], and the main [[protagonist]] of the [[Indiana Jones franchise]]. [[George Lucas]] created the character in homage to the action heroes of 1930s [[movie serial|serial films]]. Indiana Jones first appeared in the [[1981 in film|1981]] film ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''. The film was followed by ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'' in [[1984 in film|1984]], ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'' in [[1989 in film|1989]], ''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]'' from [[1992 in television|1992]] to [[1996 in television|1996]], and ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]'' in [[2008 in film|2008]]. In addition to his film and television appearances, the character has been featured in novels, comics, video games, and other media. The character is also featured in the theme park attraction [[Indiana Jones Adventure]], which exists in similar forms at [[Disneyland]] and [[Tokyo DisneySea]].
The character is most famously played by [[Harrison Ford]]. He has also been portrayed by [[River Phoenix]] (as the young Jones in ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade''), and in the television series ''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]'' by [[Corey Carrier]], [[Sean Patrick Flanery]], and [[George Hall (actor)|George Hall]]. [[Doug Lee (voice actor)|Doug Lee]] has supplied Jones's voice to two [[LucasArts]] video games, ''[[Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis]]'' and ''[[Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine]]'', while David Esch supplied his voice to ''[[Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb]]''. [[Tom Selleck]] was originally cast in the role, however due to commitments to ''[[Magnum PI]]'', Selleck was replaced by Ford. The character's iconic outfit was designed by [[Jim Steranko]]. Jones is notable for his [[bullwhip]], [[fedora]], [[leather jacket]], and [[ophidiophobia|fear of snakes]].
==Appearances==
{{Main|Indiana Jones franchise}}
Since his introduction in [[1981]]'s ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'' (later retitled on VHS and DVD box covers as ''Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark''), he has made appearances in three more feature films, a two-season TV series, novels, [[Indiana Jones comic books|comic books]], video games, [[Indiana Jones (role-playing game)|role-playing games]], and even his own [[Indiana Jones Adventure|amusement park rides]].
===Feature films===
[[Image:Indiana Jones by Harrison Ford.jpg|left|140px|thumb|Middle-aged Indiana Jones in ''Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull'']]
Indiana Jones, played by [[Harrison Ford]], was first introduced in the 1981 film ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'', set in [[1936]]. He is portrayed as an adventurous throwback to the 1930s film serial treasure hunters and pulp action heroes, with an alter ego of Doctor Jones, a respected archaeologist at Marshall College - a fictional college in Connecticut. In this first adventure, he is pitted against the [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]], traveling the world to prevent them from recovering the [[Ark of the Covenant]] (see also [[Biblical archaeology]]). The Nazis are led by Jones's [[archenemy|archrival]], a Nazi-sympathizing French archaeologist named René Belloq, and Arnold Toht, a sinister [[Gestapo]] agent.
The 1984 [[prequel]] ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'', set in [[1935]], took the character into a more horror-oriented story, skipping his legitimate teaching job and globe trotting, and taking place almost entirely in [[India]]. This time, Jones attempts to recover children and a [[Sankara]] stone from the bloodthirsty [[Thuggee]] cult.
[[Image:Young Indiana Jones by River Phoenix.jpg|thumb|140px|Young Indiana Jones in ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'']]
The third film, 1989's ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'', set in [[1938]], returned to the formula of the original, reintroducing characters such as [[Sallah]] and [[Marcus Brody]], a scene from Professor Jones's classroom (he now teaches at Barnett College), the globe trotting element of multiple locations, and the return of the infamous [[Nazi mysticism|Nazi mystics]], this time trying to find the [[Holy Grail]]. The film's introduction, set in [[1912]], provided some back story to the character, specifically his fear of snakes, his use of a [[bullwhip]], the origin of the scar on his chin, and the source of his [[fedora hat]], as well as his [[Henry Jones, Sr.|father]]. Although Lucas intended at the time to do five films, this ended up being the last for over eighteen years, as Lucas could not think of a good [[MacGuffin]] to drive the next installment.<ref name="race against time">{{Cite news | author=Nick de Semlyen, Ian Freer, Chris Hewitt, Ian Nathan, Sam Toy | title = A Race Against Time: Indiana Jones IV | pages = 100 | publisher = [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] | date=[[2006-09-29]]}}</ref>
The fourth film, ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]'', became the latest installment of the series on [[May 22]], [[2008]]. Set in [[1957]], 19 years after the third film, it pits an older, wiser Indiana Jones against [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] agents bent on harnessing the power of an ancient artifact. Again, viewers visit the common theme of "nefarious villains obsessed with the [[paranormal]]". In this installment, the plot revolves around a mysterious [[crystal skull]] that is discovered in [[South America]] by Harold Oxley ([[John Hurt]]), a colleague of Professor Jones. He is aided in his adventure by an old lover, [[Marion Ravenwood]] ([[Karen Allen]]), and a young [[greaser (subculture)|greaser]] named [[Mutt Williams]] ([[Shia LaBeouf]]).
===Television===
[[Image:Young Indiana Jones.jpg|thumb|280px|left|Young Indiana Jones in the TV series ''The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles''.<!-- To the left is [[Corey Carrier]]; on the right is [[Sean Patrick Flanery]]--><!-- Please don't mention this here or it may jeopardize the fair-use rationale of the image.-->]]
From [[1992 in television|1992]] to [[1996 in television|1996]], George Lucas executive produced a [[television]] series named ''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]'' designed as an educational program for children, spotlighting historical figures and important events, using the concept of a prequel to the films as a draw. The show featured a standard formula of a 93-year-old Jones ([[George Hall (actor)|George Hall]]), wearing an eye patch, introducing a story, and then an adventure with either a 17-year-old Jones ([[Sean Patrick Flanery]]) or a 10-year-old Jones ([[Corey Carrier]]), and even a baby indy ([http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2717226/ Neil Boulane]). Historical figures featured on the show include [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[Pancho Villa]], [[Charles de Gaulle]], and [[John Ford]], in such diverse locations as [[Egypt]], [[Austria-Hungary]], [[India]], [[China]], and the whole of [[Europe]].
[[Image:Old Indiana Jones by George Hall.jpg|thumb|140px|Old Indiana Jones in the TV series ''The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles'']]
One episode, "Young Indiana Jones and the Mystery of the Blues", is bookended by Harrison Ford, reprising his role as the character. Indiana loses one of his eyes sometime between this episode and when the "Old Indy" segments take place.
The show provided some backstory for the films, as well as new information regarding the character. He was born [[July 1]], [[1899]], and his middle name is Walton, Lucas's middle name. It is also mentioned that he had a sister called Suzie who died as an infant of fever. His relationship with his father, first introduced in ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'', was further fleshed out with stories about his travels with his father as a young boy. A large portion of the series centered around his activities during [[World War I]].
In [[1999]], Lucas removed the episode introductions and epilogues by George Hall when he released a [[VHS]] collection of the series, and they have been omitted from the DVD releases as well.
===Video games===
The character has appeared in several officially licensed [[video games]], beginning with adaptations of [[Raiders of the Lost Ark (Atari 2600)|''Raiders of the Lost Ark'']], [[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (arcade game)|''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'']], and two adaptations of ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (video game)|Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]''—one with purely action mechanics, one with an adventure and puzzle based structure.
Following this, the games branched off into original storylines with ''[[Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis]]'', ''[[Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine]]'', and ''[[Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb]]'', which sets up Jones's companion Wu Han and the search for [[Nurhaci]]'s ashes seen at the beginning of ''Temple of Doom''. The first two games were developed by [[Hal Barwood]] and starred [[Doug Lee (voice actor)|Doug Lee]] as the voice of Indiana Jones, while ''Emperor's Tomb'' had David Esch fill the role. There is also a small game from Lucas Arts ''[[Indiana Jones and His Desktop Adventures]]''. A video game was made for young Indy called ''[[Young Indiana Jones and the Instruments of Chaos]]'', as well as a video game version of ''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]''.
A [[Indiana Jones (video game)|new ''Indiana Jones'' video game]] is in development by [[LucasArts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lucasarts.com/games/indianajones/|title=Indiana Jones|publisher=Lucas Arts|accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref>
Another game, ''[[Lego Indiana Jones: The Original Adventures]]'' was released on [[June 3]], [[2008]] in the US.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lucasarts.com/games/legoindianajones/|title=LEGO Indiana Jones|publisher=Lucas Arts|accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref>
===Theme parks===
{{Main|Indiana Jones Adventure}}
The Indiana Jones Adventure attractions at [[Disneyland]] and [[Tokyo DisneySea]] ("Temple of the Forbidden Eye" and "Temple of the Crystal Skull", respectively) place Indy at the forefront of two similar archaeological discoveries. These two temples each contain a wrathful deity who threatens the guests who ride through in World War II troop transports. They opened in 1995 and 2001, respectively, and each was an expensive project by [[Walt Disney Imagineering]]. Disney ended up not gaining rights to [[Harrison Ford]]'s likeness, but the Indiana Jones character does appear in [[audio-animatronic]] form at three points in both attractions.
[[Disneyland Resort Paris]] also features an Indiana Jones ride where people speed off through ancient ruins in a runaway wagon similar to that found in ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]''. This roller-coaster is known as [[Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril|''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril'']].
The [[Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular!]] is an amusement show in [[Disney's Hollywood Studios]] in [[Walt Disney World Resort]]. The show has various different stunts, and recruits members of the audience to partake in the show. The show is 25 minutes long. In the show, the stunt artists reveal some of the secrets of the stunts behind ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'', including the well-known running-from-the-boulder scene from early in the film.
==Characterization==
In his guise as a college professor, Henry Jones Junior is an [[average Joe]], who can also rise to the occasion in the guise of "Indiana", a [[superhero]] image he has concocted for himself.<ref name=broderaiders>{{cite book | author = Douglas Brode | title = The Films of Steven Spielberg | publisher = Citadel | date = 1995 | pages = 90-98 | isbn = 0-8065-1540-6}}</ref> Producer [[Frank Marshall (film producer)|Frank Marshall]] said, "Indy [is] a fallible character. He makes mistakes and gets hurt. [...] That's the other thing people like: He's a real character, not a character with superpowers."<ref>{{Cite news | author = Anthony Breznican | title = First look: Whip cracks over new 'Indiana Jones' movie | publisher = [[USA Today]] | date = [[2007-12-09]] | url = http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-12-09-indiana-jones_N.htm | accessdate=2007-12-10}}</ref> Spielberg said there "was the willingness to allow our leading man to get hurt and to express his pain and to get his mad out and to take pratfalls and sometimes be the butt of his own jokes. I mean, Indiana Jones is not a perfect hero, and his imperfections, I think, make the audience feel that, with a little more exercise and a little more courage, they could be just like him."<ref>{{cite news | author = Jim Windolf | title = Q&A: Steven Spielberg | publisher = [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] | date = [[2007-12-02]] | url = http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/02/spielberg_qanda200802?currentPage=3 | accessdate=2007-12-02}}</ref> According to Spielberg biographer Douglas Brode, Indiana is a childish man who created his heroic figure so to [[escapism|escape]] the dullness of teaching at a school. Both of Indiana's personas reject one another in philosophy, creating a [[duality]].<ref name=broderaiders/> Harrison Ford said the fun of playing the character was because Indiana is both a [[Romanticism|romantic]] and a [[cynic]],<ref name=swtoinj>{{cite video | people = Shinji Hata (interviewer) | title = From Star Wars to Indiana Jones: The Best of the LucasFilm Archives | publisher = LucasFilm | year = 1994}}</ref> while scholars have analyzed Indiana as having traits of a [[lone wolf (trait)|lone wolf]]; a man on a [[quest]]; a noble [[Treasure hunting|treasure hunter]]; a [[hardboiled]] [[detective]]; a human [[superhero]]; and an American [[Patriotism|patriot]].<ref>{{cite news | author = Maria Puente | title = Indiana Jones: He's Everyman, with wit and a whip | publisher = [[USA Today]] | date = [[2008-05-22]] | url = http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2008-05-22-indiana-jones-cover_N.htm | accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref>
Like many characters in his films, Jones has some autobiographical elements of Spielberg. Indiana lacks a proper [[father figure]] because of his strained relationship with his father, [[Henry Jones, Sr.|Henry Senior]]. His own contained anger is misdirected at the likes of Professor Abner Ravenwood, his mentor at the [[University of Chicago]], leading to a strained relationship with [[Marion Ravenwood]].<ref name=broderaiders/> The teenage Indiana bases his own look on a figure from the prologue of ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'', after being given his hat.<ref name=brodecrusade>{{cite book | author = Douglas Brode | title = The Films of Steven Spielberg | publisher = Citadel | date = 1995 | pages = 174, 176-187 | isbn = 0-8065-1540-6}}</ref> [[Marcus Brody]] acts as Indiana's positive role model at the college.<ref name=brodecrusade/> Indiana's own insecurities are made worse by the absence of his mother.<ref name=brodedoom>{{cite book | author = Douglas Brode | title = The Films of Steven Spielberg | publisher = Citadel | date = 1995 | pages = 141-43 | isbn = 0-8065-1540-6}}</ref> In ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'', the character becomes the father in a temporary family unit with [[Willie Scott (Indiana Jones character)|Willie Scott]] and [[Short Round]] to survive. Indiana is rescued from the evil of [[Kali]] by Short Round's dedication. Indiana also saves many children from slavery.<ref name=brodedoom>{{cite book | author = Douglas Brode | title = The Films of Steven Spielberg | publisher = Citadel | date = 1995 | pages = 141-43 | isbn = 0-8065-1540-6}}</ref>
Because of Indiana's strained relationship with his father, a [[Christian]] searching for the [[Holy Grail]], the character rejects the spiritual side of the profession he has followed in. The inconsistency of the three films is that after appearing to become a believer in [[Judaism]] (in ''Raiders''), [[Hinduism]] (in ''Doom'') and [[Christianity]] (''Crusade''), Indiana reverts back in the next film.<ref name=brodecrusade/> ''Temple of Doom'', chronologically the earliest of the films, has Indiana as a [[mercenary]], searching for "fortune and glory". Indiana uses his knowledge of [[Shiva]] to ultimately defeat [[Mola Ram]].<ref name=brodedoom/> In ''Raiders'', the cynical Indiana chooses to close his eyes in the presence of the spirits who have been disturbed from their slumber in the [[Ark of the Covenant]]. By contrast, his rival [[Rene Belloq]] is killed for trying to communicate directly with God.<ref name=broderaiders/>
In ''Crusade'''s prologue, Indiana's intentions are revealed as social, as he believes artifacts "belong in a museum". In the film's climax, Indiana undergoes "literal" tests of faith to retrieve the Grail and save his father's life. He also recognizes [[Jesus]] as a humble carpenter when he recognizes the simple nature and tarnished appearance of the real Grail amongst a large assortment of much more ornately decorated ones. Henry Senior rescues his son from falling to his death when reaching for the fallen Grail, telling him to "let it go", overcoming his mercenary nature.<ref name=brodecrusade/> ''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]'' explains how Indiana becomes solitary and less idealistic after fighting in [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite news | author = Travis Fickett | title = Indiana Jones and the Small Screen | publisher = [[IGN]] | date = [[2008-05-22]] | url = http://uk.tv.ign.com/articles/875/875720p3.html | accessdate=2008-05-22}}</ref> In ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]'', Jones is older and wiser, whereas his sidekicks Mutt and Mac are youthfully arrogant and greedy, respectively.<ref>{{Cite news | title = News, Etc. | publisher = [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] | date = March 2008 | pages = 17}}</ref>
==Concept and creation==
Indiana Jones is modeled after the strong-jawed heroes of the [[matinée]] [[Movie serial|serial]]s and [[pulp magazine]]s that [[George Lucas]] and [[Steven Spielberg]] enjoyed in their childhoods (such as the [[Republic Pictures]] serials, and the [[Doc Savage]] series). The two friends first discussed the project in [[Hawaii]] around the time of the release of the first ''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope|Star Wars]]'' film.<ref name="makingraiders">{{cite web|title=Making ''Raiders of the Lost Ark''|publisher=IndianaJones.com|date=[[2003-09-23]]|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20031207015023/http://www.indianajones.com/raiders/bts/news/news20030923.html}}</ref> Spielberg told Lucas how he wanted his next project to be something fun, like perhaps a [[James Bond]] film. According to sources, Lucas responded to the effect that he had something "even better",<ref name="makingraiders"/> or that he "got that beat".<ref>Nashawaty, Chris; "National Treasure"; ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''; [[March 14]], [[2008]].</ref>
The character was originally named Indiana Smith, after an [[Alaskan Malamute]] Lucas owned in the 1970s ("Indiana"); however, Spielberg disliked the name "Smith", and Lucas casually suggested "Jones" as an alternative.<ref name="makingraiders" />
===Wardrobe and equipment===
[[Image:Indiana Jones concept art.jpg|thumb|Original Indiana Jones concept, produced by Jim Steranko.]]
Indiana Jones was designed by comic book artist [[Jim Steranko]]. George Lucas suggested the [[flight jacket]] (which reminded Steranko of Lucas), the [[fedora]] (which reminded him of [[Humphrey Bogart]] in ''[[The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film)|The Treasure of the Sierra Madre]]'') and a whip (reminiscent of [[Zorro]]). Steranko added the [[Sam Browne belt]], a belt with a [[holster]], and the [[khaki]] shirt and trousers.<ref>{{cite news | author = [[Ian Freer]] | title = The Indiana Jones Diaries | publisher = [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] | date = May 2008 | pages = 15}}</ref> Costume designer [[Deborah Nadoolman Landis]] said the inspiration for Indiana's outfit was [[Charlton Heston]]'s Harry Steele in ''[[Secret of the Incas]]'': "We did watch this film together as a crew several times, and I always thought it strange that the filmmakers did not credit it later as the inspiration for the series."<ref>{{cite news | author = Mike French & Gilles Verschuere | title = Debora Nadoolman interview | publisher = TheRaider.net | date = [[2005-09-14]] | url = http://www.theraider.net/features/interviews/deborah_nadoolman.php | accessdate=2008-04-07}}</ref>
Upon requests by Spielberg and Lucas, the costume designer gave the character a distinctive silhouette through the styling of the hat; after examining many hats, the designers chose a tall-crowned, wide-brimmed [[fedora (hat)|fedora]]. As a documentary of ''Raiders'' pointed out, the hat served a practical purpose. Following the lead of the old "B"-movies that inspired the ''Indiana Jones'' series, the fedora hid the actor's face sufficiently to allow doubles to perform the more dangerous stunts seamlessly. Examples in ''Raiders'' include the wider-angle shot of Indy and Marion crashing a statue through a wall, and Indy sliding under a fast-moving vehicle from front to back. Thus it was necessary for the hat to stay in place much of the time.
The hat became so iconic that the filmmakers could only come up with very good reasons or jokes to remove it. If it ever fell off during a take, filming would have to stop to put it back on. In jest, Ford put a stapler against his head when a documentary crew visited during shooting of ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]''. This created the urban legend that Ford stapled the hat to his head.<ref>{{cite web | title = Hat and Jacket featurette | publisher = Official site | date = [[2008-02-08]] | url = http://www.indianajones.com/site/?deeplink=videos/1/v28 | accessdate=2008-02-08}}</ref> Although other hats were also used throughout the movies, the general style and profile remained the same. Elements of the outfit include:
* The fedora - made by Herbert Johnson Hatters in England for the first three films. Indy's fedoras for "Crystal Skull" were made by Steve Delk and Marc Kitter of AdventureBilt Hat Company. Baron hats created the 50's style biker cap worn by Shia Lebeouf as Mutt Williams in Indy 4.
* The leather jacket - a hybrid of the "Type 440" and the [[A-2 jacket]], were made by Wested Leather for ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' and ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]''. For ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'', jackets were made by Cooper, while Tony Nowak made the jacket in ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]''.
* The bag - a modified Mark VII British gas mask bag
* The whip - a 10-foot [[bullwhip]] crafted by David Morgan (although different lengths were used in specific stunts)
* The pistol - usually a [[World War I]]-era revolver, examples include the [[Webley]] Green (''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' and ''Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull''), or a [[.45 ACP]] [[Smith & Wesson]] Hand Ejector 2nd model revolver (''Raiders of the Lost Ark''). He has also been seen using an [[M1917 revolver]], and a 9mm [[Browning Hi-Power]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indygear.com/igguns.html|title=Indiana Jones Guns|publisher=IndyGear.com|accessdate=2008-07-02}}</ref>
* The shoes - "Indy Boots" made by Alden Shoes, which are still sold today (though in a lighter shade of brown than seen in the movies)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indygear.com/gear/boots.shtml|title=Indiana Jones Boots|publisher=IndyGear.com|accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref>
Jones's fedora and leather jacket (as used in ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'') are on display at the [[Smithsonian]]'s American History Museum in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://smithsonianlegacies.si.edu/objectdescription.cfm?ID=125|title=Shrine to the Famous: Indiana Jones's hat and jacket, 1980s|publisher=Smithsonian Institute|accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref> The collection of props and clothing from the films has become a thriving hobby for some aficionados of the franchise.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indygear.com/|title=IndyGear.com|accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref> Jones's whip was the third most popular film weapon, as shown by a 2008 poll held by [[20th Century Fox]], which surveyed approximately two thousand film fans.<ref>{{cite news | author = Sophie Borland | title = Lightsabre wins the battle of movie weapons | publisher = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | date = [[2008-01-21]] | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/01/21/nweapon121.xml | accessdate=2008-01-26}}</ref>
===Casting===
Originally, Spielberg suggested [[Harrison Ford]]; Lucas resisted the idea, since he had already cast the actor in three<!-- ROTJ was not made yet--> of his movies (''[[American Graffiti]]'', ''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope|Star Wars]]'', and its sequels), and did not want Ford to become known as his "Bobby De Niro" (in reference to the fact that fellow director [[Martin Scorsese]] regularly cast [[Robert De Niro]] in his films).<ref name="makingraiders" /> During an intensive casting process, Lucas and Spielberg auditioned many actors, and finally cast then little-known actor [[Tom Selleck]] as Indiana Jones. Shortly afterward [[pre-production]] began in earnest on ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''.<ref name="makingraiders" />
However, [[CBS]] refused to release Selleck from his contractual commitment to ''[[Magnum, P.I.]]'' (which was gradually gaining momentum in the [[Nielsen Ratings|ratings]]), forcing him to turn down the role.<ref name="makingraiders" /> After Spielberg suggested Ford again, Lucas finally gave in, and he was cast in the role — less than 3 weeks before [[principal photography]] began.<ref name="makingraiders" />
===Models===
Many people are said to be the real-life inspiration of the Indiana Jones character — although none of the following have been confirmed as inspirations by Lucas or Spielberg. In alphabetical order by last name:
*[[Paleontologist]] [[Roy Chapman Andrews]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Dinosaurs in the Attic: An Excursion Into the American Museum of Natural History|first=Douglas J.|last=Preston|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=1993|id=ISBN 0-312-10456-1}}, [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0312104561&id=CaBxisxbAfwC&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&sig=v0aO-D_rCrUl-IRZHI0RoexkydQ pp. 97–98], "Andrews is allegedly the real person that the movie character of Indiana Jones was patterned after... crack shot, fighter of Mongolian brigands, the man who created the metaphor of 'Outer Mongolia' as denoting any exceedingly remote place."</ref>
*Italian [[archaeologist]] and circus [[strongperson (strength athlete)|strongman]] [[Giovanni Battista Belzoni]] (1778–1823).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/raid.html|title=Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)|publisher=Filmsite.org|accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref>
* [[Yale University]] professor, historian, and explorer [[Hiram Bingham III]], who rediscovered and excavated the [[lost city]] of [[Machu Picchu]],<ref>{{cite web|date=[[2005-09-22]]|accessdate=2007-12-11|url=http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2005-09-22-peru_x.htm|title=The trail less trampled on|publisher=[[USA Today]]|author=Gene Sloan}}</ref> and chronicled his find in the bestselling book ''The Lost City of the Incas'' in 1948.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/LostCity.htm|title=Lost City of the Incas|publisher=United States Senate|accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref>
*The [[University of Chicago]] archaeologist [[Robert Braidwood]].<ref> {{cite web|url=http://maroon.uchicago.edu/news/articles/2003/01/21/obituary_robert_and_.php|title=Obituary: Robert and Linda Braidwood|author=Molly Schranz|publisher=[[Chicago Maroon]]|date=[[2003-12-21]]|accessdate=2006-09-21|quote=Some say he was the real life inspiration for Indiana Jones.}}</ref>
* Fellow University of Chicago archaeologist [[James Henry Breasted]]<ref>[http://phoenix.uchicago.edu/HTMLVirtualTour/oriental.html]</ref>
* [[Frederick Albert Mitchell-Hedges]].<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=562487&in_page_id=1770|title=Nazi treasure, giant scorpions... and a crystal skull: The adventures of the REAL Indiana Jones|date=[[2008-04-28]]|accessdate=2008-05-14}}</ref>'
* [[Germany|German]] [[archaeologist]] [[Otto Rahn]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2008/05/22/sv_rahn125.xml| title = The original Indiana Jones: Otto Rahn and the temple of doom | date = 2008-05-22|accessdate = 2008-06-02}}</ref>
[[George Lucas]] has said on various occasions that Sean Connery's portrayal of British secret agent [[James Bond]] was one of the primary inspirations for Jones, a reason Connery was chosen for the role of Indiana's [[Henry Jones, Sr.|father]] in the third film, ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]''.<ref>[http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2006/08/28/indiana_jones_was_supposed_to_be_like_ja Bond Inspiration For Indiana Jones]</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Fleurier |first= Nicolas |year= 2006 |title= James Bond & Indiana Jones. Action figures |publisher= Histoire & Collections |isbn= 2-35250-005-2}}</ref>
== Influence on popular culture ==
{{Original research|date=May 2008}}
Whilst himself arguably a [[pastiche]] of various prior [[adventurer]]s, the character can also be seen as a forerunner to (or in some cases direct influence on) other more recent fictional adventurers of a similar nature. These include:
* [[Lara Croft]], the self-styled archaeologist of the [[Tomb Raider series|''Tomb Raider'']] franchise, was originally designed as a man, but was changed to a woman, partly because the developers felt that the original design was too similar to Indiana Jones.<ref>{{cite video | people = [[Toby Gard]], Jeremy Heath Smith, Ian Livingston (interviews); [[Keeley Hawes]] (narrator)| title = [[Ten Years of Tomb Raider: A GameTap Retrospective]] | publisher = [[Eidos Interactive]] / [[GameTap#GameTap TV|GameTap]] | date = 2007 }}</ref>
* Benjamin Franklin Gates, a [[cryptologist]] featured in the 2004 film ''[[National Treasure (film)|National Treasure]]'' and its 2007 sequel ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]''.
* [[Rick O'Connell]], an adventurer and treasure-hunter seen in the films ''[[The Mummy (1999 film)|The Mummy]],'' ''[[The Mummy Returns]],'' and ''[[The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor]]''.
* Sydney Fox, a female archaeologist and [[martial arts]] expert, protagonist of the television series ''[[Relic Hunter]]''.
* [[Malcolm Reynolds]], spaceship captain in television series ''[[Firefly (TV series)|Firefly]]'' and its feature film continuation ''[[Serenity (film)|Serenity]]'' ([[Nathan Fillion]] reflects many of Harrison Ford's mannerisms)<ref>"A Filmmaker's Journey" featurette, from the ''[[Serenity (film)|Serenity]]'' Collector's Edition DVD</ref>.
* Flynn Carsen, librarian and relic protector, played by [[Noah Wyle]] in the ''[[The Librarian: Quest for the Spear|Librarian]]'' series of films.
* Jack Colton (played by [[Michael Douglas]]) in ''[[Romancing the Stone]]'' and its sequel ''[[The Jewel of the Nile]]''.
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.indianajones.com IndianaJones.com] — the official Indiana Jones site
*{{imdb character|0001063}}
{{Indiana Jones}}
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