Individualist feminism
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{{Feminism}}
{{Libertarianism}}
'''Individualist feminism''' (also known as '''[[libertarianism|libertarian]] feminism''' or '''ifeminism''') is a term for [[feminism|feminist]] ideas which seek to celebrate or protect the [[individualism|individual]] [[woman]].
==History==
An "individualist" feminism was expressed in [[19th century]] [[individualist anarchist]] publications such as [[Liberty (1881-1908)|''Liberty'']] and ''[[Lucifer the Lightbearer ]]'' as well as by individualists highly critical of capitalism such as [[Voltairine de Cleyre]] and [[Ezra Heywood]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Margaret S. Marsh|title=Anarchist Women, 1870-1920|month=February|year=1981|publisher=Temple University Press|id = ISBN 0-87722-202-9}}</ref>
When [[anarchist feminism]] emerged at the break of 19th-20th centuries individualist flavors had the most adherents in the United States while in Europe anarcha-feminism had more emphasis on [[collectivism]].<ref>"Feminism: Anarchist" by Judy Greenway. 2000. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Kramara, Cheris & Spender, Dale eds. Routledge. p. 712, quoting [[Margaret March]] (1981) "Anarchist women,1870-1920"</ref>. A book which discusses the history of individualist feminism is ''Reclaiming the Mainstream: Individualist Feminism Rediscovered'' by Joan Kennedy Taylor.
==Principle==
A core principle of individualist feminism is that all human beings have a [[moral]] and/or [[legal]] claim to their own persons and property, not to any sort of [[affirmative action]] policies or privileges.<ref>{{cite web | last = McElroy | first = Wendy | title = Affirmative Action Insults Immigrant Contributions | url=http://www.ifeminists.com/introduction/editorials/2002/1210.html | accessdate = 2007-01-16 }}</ref> In most parts of [[Europe]] it is viewed as [[postmodern feminism]] because of its pluralistic view of female nature.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} While other schools often stress that women in general are living under similar circumstances, individualist feminists stress that all women are unique and have unique goals.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
==Individualist feminism contra other feminisms==
Some individualist feminists have applied the label [[gender feminism]] to describe feminists they see as holding that an animosity exists between genders and calling for statist measures to intervene in gender relations.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sommers|first=Christina |title=Who Stole Feminism|month=May|year=1995|publisher=Simon & Schuster|id = ISBN 0-68480-156-6}}</ref> Thus individualist feminism is distinct from both mainstream and [[radical feminism|radical feminist]] movements.
==See also==
*[[Methodological individualism]]
*[[Ezra Heywood]]
*[[Dora Marsden]]
*[[Wendy McElroy]]
*[[Tiffany Million]]
*[[Carol Moore]]
*[[Sharon Presley]]
*[[Sarojini Sahoo]]
*[[Heidi Wyss]]
*[[Cathy Young]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.ifeminists.com iFeminists]
*[http://alf.org Association of Libertarian Feminists]
*[http://www.womensfreedom.org Women's Freedom Network]
*[http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/heywood.html ''Uncivil Liberty: An Essay to Show the Injustice and Impolicy of Ruling Woman Without Her Consent (1873)'' by Ezra Heywood] one of first individualist feminist essays, by [[Ezra Heywood]]
*[http://www.nonserviam.com/egoistarchive/marsden/ Dora Marsden and The New Freewoman] archives
*[http://www.lsr-projekt.de/poly/enmarsden.html Dora Marsden - "Stirner of Feminism ?"]
*[http://www.zetetics.com/mac/freebooks.html Free On-Line Books] Includes Individualist Feminist titles
*[http://www.voltairine.org Voltairine de Cleyre: The Exquisite Rebel]
*[http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/femme.html "Feminism in ''Liberty''"]
*[http://www.pro-choicelibertarians.net Pro Choice Libertarians]
*[http://charleswjohnson.name/essays/libertarian-feminism/ ''Libertarian Feminism: Can This Marriage Be Saved?'']
*[http://chelm.freeyellow.com/women_index.html Libertarianism: To Women]
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-liberal/ ''Liberal Feminism'', essay including discussion of libertarian feminism]
[[Category:Feminist theory]]
[[Category:Libertarianism by genre]]
[[Category:Anarchist theory]]
[[el:Ατομιστικός φεμινισμός]]
[[es:Feminismo individualista]]
[[sh:Individualistički feminizam]]