Individualist feminism 355587 219985200 2008-06-17T19:29:52Z 190.154.162.130 /* External links */ {{refimprove|date=December 2007}} {{Feminism}} {{Libertarianism}} '''Individualist feminism''' (also known as '''[[libertarianism|libertarian]] feminism''' or '''ifeminism''') is a term for [[feminism|feminist]] ideas which seek to celebrate or protect the [[individualism|individual]] [[woman]]. ==History== An "individualist" feminism was expressed in [[19th century]] [[individualist anarchist]] publications such as [[Liberty (1881-1908)|''Liberty'']] and ''[[Lucifer the Lightbearer ]]'' as well as by individualists highly critical of capitalism such as [[Voltairine de Cleyre]] and [[Ezra Heywood]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Margaret S. Marsh|title=Anarchist Women, 1870-1920|month=February|year=1981|publisher=Temple University Press|id = ISBN 0-87722-202-9}}</ref> When [[anarchist feminism]] emerged at the break of 19th-20th centuries individualist flavors had the most adherents in the United States while in Europe anarcha-feminism had more emphasis on [[collectivism]].<ref>"Feminism: Anarchist" by Judy Greenway. 2000. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Kramara, Cheris & Spender, Dale eds. Routledge. p. 712, quoting [[Margaret March]] (1981) "Anarchist women,1870-1920"</ref>. A book which discusses the history of individualist feminism is ''Reclaiming the Mainstream: Individualist Feminism Rediscovered'' by Joan Kennedy Taylor. ==Principle== A core principle of individualist feminism is that all human beings have a [[moral]] and/or [[legal]] claim to their own persons and property, not to any sort of [[affirmative action]] policies or privileges.<ref>{{cite web | last = McElroy | first = Wendy | title = Affirmative Action Insults Immigrant Contributions | url=http://www.ifeminists.com/introduction/editorials/2002/1210.html | accessdate = 2007-01-16 }}</ref> In most parts of [[Europe]] it is viewed as [[postmodern feminism]] because of its pluralistic view of female nature.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} While other schools often stress that women in general are living under similar circumstances, individualist feminists stress that all women are unique and have unique goals.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} ==Individualist feminism contra other feminisms== Some individualist feminists have applied the label [[gender feminism]] to describe feminists they see as holding that an animosity exists between genders and calling for statist measures to intervene in gender relations.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sommers|first=Christina |title=Who Stole Feminism|month=May|year=1995|publisher=Simon & Schuster|id = ISBN 0-68480-156-6}}</ref> Thus individualist feminism is distinct from both mainstream and [[radical feminism|radical feminist]] movements. ==See also== *[[Methodological individualism]] *[[Ezra Heywood]] *[[Dora Marsden]] *[[Wendy McElroy]] *[[Tiffany Million]] *[[Carol Moore]] *[[Sharon Presley]] *[[Sarojini Sahoo]] *[[Heidi Wyss]] *[[Cathy Young]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.ifeminists.com iFeminists] *[http://alf.org Association of Libertarian Feminists] *[http://www.womensfreedom.org Women's Freedom Network] *[http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/heywood.html ''Uncivil Liberty: An Essay to Show the Injustice and Impolicy of Ruling Woman Without Her Consent (1873)'' by Ezra Heywood] one of first individualist feminist essays, by [[Ezra Heywood]] *[http://www.nonserviam.com/egoistarchive/marsden/ Dora Marsden and The New Freewoman] archives *[http://www.lsr-projekt.de/poly/enmarsden.html Dora Marsden - "Stirner of Feminism ?"] *[http://www.zetetics.com/mac/freebooks.html Free On-Line Books] Includes Individualist Feminist titles *[http://www.voltairine.org Voltairine de Cleyre: The Exquisite Rebel] *[http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/femme.html "Feminism in ''Liberty''"] *[http://www.pro-choicelibertarians.net Pro Choice Libertarians] *[http://charleswjohnson.name/essays/libertarian-feminism/ ''Libertarian Feminism: Can This Marriage Be Saved?''] *[http://chelm.freeyellow.com/women_index.html Libertarianism: To Women] *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-liberal/ ''Liberal Feminism'', essay including discussion of libertarian feminism] [[Category:Feminist theory]] [[Category:Libertarianism by genre]] [[Category:Anarchist theory]] [[el:Ατομιστικός φεμινισμός]] [[es:Feminismo individualista]] [[sh:Individualistički feminizam]]