Industry
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/OrgasGirl|OrgasGirl]] to last version by Doublejj624 (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]])
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:''For other uses of this term, see [[Industry (disambiguation)]]''
{{redirect|Industrial}}
[[Image:Gdp-and-labour-force-by-sector.png|thumbnail|320px|right|[[Gross domestic product|GDP]] composition of sector and labour force by occupation. The green, red, and blue components of the colours of the countries represent the percentages for the agriculture, industry, and services sectors, respectively.]]
An '''industry''' or '''sector''' (from [[Latin]] ''industrius'', "diligent, industrious") is the manufacturing of a [[good (economics)|good]] or [[service]] within a category.<ref name=d>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/industry industry - Definitions from Dictionary.com]</ref> Although industry is a broad term for economic activity and trade, in [[economics]] and [[urban planning]] industry is a synonym for the [[secondary sector]], which is a type of economic activity involved in the [[manufacturing]] of raw materials into goods and products.<ref name="d" />
There are four key industrial [[economic sector]]s: the [[primary sector]], largely raw material extraction industries such as [[mining]] and [[farming]]; the [[secondary sector]], involving [[refinery|refining]] and [[manufacturing]]; the [[tertiary sector]], which deals with services (such as [[law]] and [[medicine]]) and distribution of manufactured goods; and the [[quaternary sector]], a relatively new type of knowledge industry focusing on technological [[R&D|research, design and development]] such as computer programming, and biochemistry. A fifth [[quinary sector]] has been proposed encompassing nonprofit activities. The economy is also broadly separated into [[public sector]] and [[private sector]], with industry generally categorized as private.
Industry in the sense of manufacturing became a key sector of production in [[Europe]]an and [[North America]]n countries during the [[Industrial Revolution]], which upset previous [[mercantile]] and [[feudal]] economies through many successive rapid advances in technology, such as the [[steel]] and [[coal]] production. It is aided by technological advances, and has continued to develop into new types and sectors to this day. Industrial countries then assumed a [[capitalism|capitalist]] economic policy. [[Railroad]]s and [[Steamboat|steam-powered ship]]s began speedily establishing links with previously unreachable world markets, enabling private [[company (law)|companies]] to develop to then-unheard of size and [[wealth]]. Following the [[Industrial Revolution]], perhaps a third of the world's economic output is derived from manufacturing industries—more than [[agriculture]]'s share.
Many developed countries (for example the UK, the U.S., and Canada) and many developing/semi-developed countries (People's Republic of China, India etc.) depend significantly on industry. Industries, the countries they reside in, and the economies of those countries are interlinked in a complex web of interdependence.
[[Image:Clark's Sector Model.png|right|thumb|200px|[[Colin Clark|Clark]]'s Sector Model (1950)]]
==History==
{{main|Industrial history}}
{{see also|List of countries by industrial production growth rate}}
===Proto-industry===
{{main|Proto-industrialisation}}
Early industries involved manufacturing goods for trade, including weapons, clothing, pottery. In medieval Europe, industry became dominated by the guilds in cities and towns, who mutual support for the member's interests, and maintained standards of workmanship and ethical conduct.
===Industrial development===
{{main|Industrialisation}}
The [[industrial revolution]] led to the development of factories for large-scale production, with consequent changes in society. Originally the factories were steam-powered, but later transitioned to electricity once an electrical grid was developed. The mechanized [[assembly line]] was introduced to assemble parts in a repeatable fashion, with individual workers performing specific steps during the process. This led to significant increases in efficiency, lowering the cost of the end process. Later [[automation]] was increasingly used to replace human operators. This process has accelerated with the development of the [[computer]] and the [[robot]].
===Declining industries===
{{main|Deindustrialisation}}
Historically certain manufacturing industries have gone into a decline due to various economic factors, including the development of replacement technology or the loss of competitive advantage. An example of the former is the decline in [[carriage]] manufacturing when the [[automobile]] was mass-produced.
A recent trend has been the migration of prosperous, industrialized nations toward a [[post-industrial society]]. This is
manifested by an increase in the [[service sector]] at the expense of manufacturing, and the development of an information-based economy, the so-called [[informational revolution]]. In a post-industrial society, manufacturing is relocated to more economically-favorable locations through a process of [[offshoring]].
==Industrial technology==
{{main|Industrial technology}}
There are several branches of [[technology]] and [[engineering]] specialised for industrial application. This includes [[mathematical model]]s, patented [[invention]]s and [[craft]] skills. See [[automation]], [[industrial architecture]], [[industrial design]], [[industrial process]], [[industrial arts]] and [[industrial applicability]].
==Industry and society==
{{main|Industrial society}}
An [[industrial society]] can be defined in many ways. Today, industry is an important part of most societies and nations. A government must have some kind of [[industrial policy]], regulating [[industrial placement]], [[pollution|industrial pollution]], [[financing]] and [[industrial labor]].
===Industrial labor===
{{main|Industrial labor}}
{{see|industrial sociology|industrial and organizational psychology|industrial district|industrial park}}
In an industrial society, industry employs a major part of the population. This occurs typically in the manufacturing sector. A labor union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages, hours, and working conditions, forming a [[cartel]] of labor. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members ([[rank]] and [[file]] members) and negotiates labor contracts with employers. This [[labor movement|movement]] first rose among industrial workers.
===Industry and war===
{{main|Industrial warfare}}
The industrial revolution changed warfare, with [[mass-produced]] weaponry and supplies, machine-powered transportation, [[mobilization]], the [[total war]] concept and [[weapons of mass destruction]]. Early instances of [[industrial warfare]] were the [[Crimean War]] and the [[American Civil War]], but its full potential showed during the [[world wars]]. See also [[military-industrial complex]], [[arms industry]], [[military industry]] and [[modern warfare]].
==Industry and the environment==
{{see|Pollution|Industrial ecology}}
==Organization, management and economics==
{{main|Industrial organization}}
{{see|Industrial loan company}}
==Economic views of industry==
Philosophers and economists have developed many different views of industry. See [[physiocrats]], [[Adam Smith]], [[capitalism]], [[Marxism]] and [[Colin Clark]]'s [[Sector model]].
== Industry sectors and classification ==
{{main|Industrial sector}}
There are many other different kinds of industries, and they are usually divided into different classes or sectors.
The [[primary sector of industry]] is [[agriculture]], [[mining]] and [[raw material extraction]]. The [[secondary sector of industry]] is [[manufacturing]] - which is what is colloquially meant by the word "industry". The [[tertiary sector of industry]] is [[Service (economics)|service]] production. Sometimes one talks about a [[quaternary sector of industry]], consisting of intellectual services such as [[R&D]].
* [[light industry]] - [[heavy industry]]
* [[labor-intensive industry]] - [[capital-intensive industry]]
* By product: [[chemical industry]], [[petroleum industry]], [[meatpacking industry]], [[hospitality industry]], [[food industry]], [[fish industry]], [[software industry]], [[paper industry]], [[entertainment industry]], [[semiconductor industry]], [[cultural industry]], [[poverty industry]]
'''ISIC'''
[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=27&Lg=1 ISIC(rev.4)] stands for [[International Standard Industrial Classification]] of ALL economic activities, the most complete and systematic industrial classification made by United Nations Statistics Division.
ISIC Rev.4 is a standard classification of economic activities arranged so that entities can be classified according to the activity they carry out. The categories of ISIC at the most detailed level (classes) are delineated according to what is, in most countries, the customary combination of activities described in statistical units and considers the relative importance of the activities included in these classes. While ISIC Rev.4 continues to use criteria such as input, output and use of the products produced, more emphasis has been given to the character of the production process in defining and delineating ISIC classes.
'''
'''Yahoo!Finance'''
[http://biz.yahoo.com/ic Industry Center by Yahoo!Finance] is also very useful (shows Trends of all industrial sectors).
==References==
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