Infectious canine hepatitis 3849073 215518745 2008-05-28T15:39:50Z DOI bot 6652755 Citation maintenance. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. {{Taxobox | virus_group = i | familia = ''[[Adenoviridae]]'' | genus = ''[[Mastadenovirus]]'' | species = '''''Canine adenovirus 1''''' (CAV-1) | end_placement }} '''Infectious canine hepatitis''' is an [[acute (medical)|acute]] liver infection in dogs caused by canine [[adenoviridae|adenovirus]] type-1 (CAV-1). CAV-1 also causes disease in [[Gray Wolf|wolves]], [[coyote]]s, and [[bear]]s, and [[encephalitis]] in [[fox]]es.<ref name=Carter>{{cite web|author=Carter, G.R.; Wise, D.J.|year=2006|title=Adenoviridae|work=A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology| url=http://www.ivis.org/advances/Carter/Part2Chap13/chapter.asp?LA=1|accessdate=2006-06-10}}</ref> The [[virus]] is spread in the feces, urine, blood, saliva, and nasal discharge of infected dogs. It is contracted through the mouth or nose, where it replicates in the [[tonsil]]s. The virus then infects the [[liver]] and [[kidney]]s. The [[incubation period]] is 4 to 7 days.<ref name=Ettinger_1995>{{cite book|author=Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C.|title=Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine|edition=4th ed.|publisher=W.B. Saunders Company|year=1995|id=ISBN 0-7216-6795-3}}</ref> Symptoms include [[fever]], depression, loss of appetite, coughing, and a tender abdomen. [[Cornea]]l [[edema]] and signs of liver disease, such as [[jaundice]], vomiting, and [[hepatic encephalopathy]], may also occur. Severe cases will develop [[coagulation|bleeding]] disorders, which can cause [[hematoma]]s to form in the mouth.<ref name=Carter/> Death can occur secondary to this or the liver disease. However, most dogs recover after a brief illness, although chronic corneal edema and kidney lesions may persist.<ref name=merck>{{cite web | title = Infectious Canine Hepatitis: Introduction | work = The Merck Veterinary Manual | date = 2006 | url = http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/57200.htm | accessdate = 2007-01-28 }}</ref> Diagnosis is made by recognizing the combination of symptoms and abnormal blood tests that occur in infectious canine hepatitis. A rising [[serology|antibody titer]] to CAV-1 is also seen. The disease can be confused with [[canine parvovirus]] because both will cause a low [[white blood cell]] count and bloody diarrhea in young, unvaccinated dogs. Treatment is for the symptoms. Most dogs recover spontaneously without treatment. Prevention is through [[vaccine|vaccination]]. Most combination [[vaccine]]s for dogs contain a modified canine adenovirus type-2.<ref>{{cite web | last = Ford | first = Richard B. | title = Canine Vaccination Protocols | work = Proceedings of the 27th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association | date = 2002 | url = http://www.vin.com/proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2002&PID=2614 | accessdate = 2007-01-28 }}</ref> CAV-2 is one of the causes of respiratory infections in dogs, but it is similar enough to CAV-1 that vaccine for one creates [[immunity (medical)|immunity]] for both. CAV-2 vaccine is much less likely to cause side effects than CAV-1 vaccine.<ref name=Ettinger_1995/> One study has shown the vaccine to have a duration of immunity of at least four years.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Abdelmagid O, Larson L, Payne L, Tubbs A, Wasmoen T, Schultz R |title=Evaluation of the efficacy and duration of immunity of a canine combination vaccine against virulent parvovirus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, and distemper virus experimental challenges |journal=Vet Ther |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=173–86 |year=2004 |pmid=15578450}}</ref> CAV-1 is destroyed in the environment by steam cleaning and [[quaternary ammonium cation|quaternary ammonium compound]]s. Otherwise, the virus can survive in the environment for months in the right conditions. It can also be released in the urine of a recovered dog for up to a year.<ref name=Ettinger_1995/> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Dog diseases]] [[Category:Viruses]] [[Category:Animal virology]] [[de:Hepatitis contagiosa canis]]