Inland Empire (California) 220364 226007037 2008-07-16T12:25:01Z 71.237.209.152 /* Water pollution */ {{otheruses4|the region in California|other uses|Inland Empire (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Metropolitan Area | MSA_name = {{nowrap|San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario}} | name = Inland Empire | or Southland | map = Inland empire within southern california.png| largest_city = [[Riverside, California|Riverside]] [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]]| other_cities = &nbsp;- [[Rialto, California|Rialto]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Ontario, California|Ontario]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Fontana, California|Fontana]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Moreno Valley, California|Moreno Valley]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Perris, California|Perris]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Twentynine Palms, California|Twentynine Palms]]| rank_us = 14<sup>th</sup> | population = [[Combined statistical area|CSA]] - 17,775,984 <ref>{{cite web | title=Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 | url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/CBSA-EST2006-02.csv | format = [[comma-separated values|CSV]] | work= 2006 Population Estimates | publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]], Population Division | date= [[April 07]], [[2007]] | accessdate=2007-12-02}}</ref> [[Metropolitan Statistical Area|MSA]] - 4,026,135<ref name="Stats">{{cite web | url = http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/CBSA-EST2006-01.csv | title = Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: [[April 1]] [[2000]] to [[July 1]] [[2006]] (CBSA-EST2006-01) | format = [[comma-separated values|CSV]] | work = 2006 Population Estimates | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division | date = [[2007-04-05]] | accessdate = 2007-04-18}}</ref> | density_mi2 = 2,665 | density_km2 = 1,029 | area_mi2 = 27,298 | area_km2 = 12,562 | states = [[California]] | highest_ft = 11,502 | highest_m = 3,506 | lowest_ft = -282 | lowest_m = -86 }} The '''Inland Empire''' is a region mainly located in the [[Riverside County, California|Riverside]] and [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino]] counties of [[Southern California]]. The Inland Empire is centered in the region's oldest cities: [[Ontario, California|Ontario]], [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]], and [[Riverside, California|Riverside]]. These cities were established at about the end of the 19th century and were major centers of agriculture including citrus, dairy, and wine-making. The name "Inland Empire" was first used in the 1950s to distinguish the region from the coastal communities of the [[Greater Los Angeles Area]], and [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] itself. The "Inland" part of the name is derived from the region's location about {{convert|37|mi|km}} inland from the Pacific Ocean (from [[Huntington Beach, California|Huntington Beach]]) and east of [[downtown Los Angeles]]. The most accepted physical boundaries between Los Angeles and the Inland Empire from west to east are the [[San Jose Hills]] splitting the [[San Gabriel Valley]] from the [[Pomona Valley]], leading to the urban populations centered in the [[San Bernardino Valley]]. Cities in southeastern Los Angeles County lying east of the hills, such as [[Pomona, California|Pomona]], [[Diamond Bar, California|Diamond Bar]], [[La Verne, California|La Verne]], and [[Claremont, California|Claremont]], are often included because of their location in the Pomona Valley and proximity to the Riverside/San Bernardino county line. From the south to north, the [[Santa Ana Mountains]] physically divide Orange from San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. The [[Santa Rosa Mountains (California)|Santa Rosa Mountains]], as well as the Southern California portion of the [[Sonoran Desert]], physically divides Riverside from San Diego county. Interconnectivity provided by one of the most comprehensive freeway systems in the United States has eroded any sense of physical boundaries between the Inland Empire and the Greater Los Angeles area. Since the 1970s a rapidly growing population has led to more residential, commercial, and industrial development in this rural 'intermediate' area east of LA and Orange County, and north of San Diego County. With a population of over 4 million people,<ref name="Stats">{{cite web | url = http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/CBSA-EST2006-01.csv | title = Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: [[April 1]] [[2000]] to [[July 1]] [[2006]] (CBSA-EST2006-01) | format = [[comma-separated values|CSV]] | work = 2006 Population Estimates | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division | date = [[2007-04-05]] | accessdate = 2007-04-18}}</ref> the Inland Empire is the 14th largest [[Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|metropolitan area]] in the United States. ==History== [[Image:SanBernardino-1852.jpg|left|thumb|Drawing of San Bernardino (1852)]] Prior to the mid-19th century, the area was sparsely populated by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]; the [[Spain|Spanish]] and [[Mexico|Mexicans]] who once controlled the area considered it largely unsuitable for colonization. The first group of White American settlers arrived over the [[Cajon Pass]] in 1851, in the form of [[Mormons|Mormon]] pioneers who were the first settlers of San Bernardino. Although the Mormons left a scant six years later, recalled to [[Salt Lake City, Utah|Salt Lake]] by [[Brigham Young]] during the church's [[Utah War|standoff]] with the US government, more settlers soon followed. The entire landmass of [[Southern California]] was [[Country subdivision|subdivided]] according to the [[San Bernardino Meridian]], which was first plotted as part of the [[Public Land Survey System]] in November 1852, by Col. Henry Washington. Base Line road, a major thoroughfare, today runs from [[Highland, California|Highland]] to [[San Dimas, California|San Dimas]], intermittently along the absolute [[Baseline (surveying)| baseline coordinates]] plotted by Col. Washington.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Davis | first= Mike |authorlink=Mike Davis (scholar) | title='The Inland Empire ' |url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20030407/davis | publisher= [[The Nation]] | date= [[April 7]], [[2003]] | accessdate=2007-11-25}}</ref> [[San Bernardino County]] was first formed out of parts of [[Los Angeles County]] on [[April 26]], [[1853]]. While the partition once included what is today most of [[Riverside County]], the region is not as monolithic as it may sound. Rivalries between [[Colton, California|Colton]], [[Redlands, California|Redlands]], [[Riverside, California|Riverside]] and [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] over the location of the [[county seat]] in the 1890s caused each of them to form their own [[Civic engagement|civic communities]], each with their own newspapers. On [[August 14]], [[1893]] the [[California Senate|Senate]] allowed Riverside County to form out of land previously in San Bernardino and San Diego counties, after rejecting a bill for [[Pomona (CA)|Pomona]] to split from LA County and become the seat of what would have been called San Antonio County.<ref name= "History">{{cite news | title= History timeline of the Inland Empire, California | url= http://www.sbsun.com/empireday_3/ci_7323066 | publisher= [[San Bernardino County Sun]] | date= [[October 30]], [[2007]] | accessdate= 2007-11-15}}</ref> The arrival of [[railroad]]s and the importation of [[navel orange|navel]] and [[Valencia orange|Valencia]] [[orange (fruit)|orange]] trees in the 1870s touched off explosive growth, with the area quickly becoming a major center for [[citrus production]].<ref name="citrus">{{citation | last1 = Ruther | first1 = Walter | last2 = Calavan | first2= E. Clair | last3= Carman | first3= Glen E. | title=The Origins of Citrus Research in California | publisher = Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, [[University of California]] | date= 1989 | url=http://lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/citrus_history.pdf | journal=The Citrus Industry | volume=Volume V | issue=Chapter 5 | location=[[Oakland, California|Oakland]] | accessdate= 2007-08-21}}</ref> <ref name= "Petrix">{{cite news | last=Petrix | first= Mark | title= From two orange trees Sprang an Empire | date= [[October 30]], [[2007]] | url= http://www.dailybulletin.com/ci_7335226 | publisher= [[Daily Bulletin]] | accessdate= 2007-11-15}}</ref><ref name= "Sorba">{{cite news | last=Sorba | first= Michael | title= Rails reach the Inland Empire | date= [[October 30]], [[2007]] | url= http://www.dailybulletin.com/ci_7334178 | publisher= [[Daily Bulletin]] | accessdate= 2007-11-27}}</ref> This agricultural boom continued with the arrival of water from the [[Colorado River (U.S.)|Colorado River]] and the rapid growth of Los Angeles in the early 20th century, with [[dairy farming]] becoming another staple [[Industrial farming|industry]]. In 1926, [[U.S. Route 66 (California)|Route 66]] (now known as [[Foothill Boulevard (Southern California)|Foothill Boulevard]]) came through the northern parts of the area, bringing a stream of [[tourist]]s and [[migrant]]s to the region. Still, the region endured as the key part of the Southern California "Citrus belt" until the end of [[World War II]], when a new generation of [[real-estate developer]]s [[bulldoze]]d acres of agricultural land to build [[suburbs]].<ref name="citrus">{{citation | last1 = Ruther | first1 = Walter | last2 = Calavan | first2= E. Clair | last3= Carman | first3= Glen E. | title=The Origins of Citrus Research in California | publisher = Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, [[University of California]] | date= 1989 | url=http://lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/citrus_history.pdf | journal=The Citrus Industry | volume=V | issue=Chapter 5 | location=[[Oakland, California| Oakland]] | accessdate= 2007-08-21}}</ref> The precursor to the [[San Bernardino Freeway]], the Ramona Expressway, was built in 1944, and further development of the [[Southern California freeways|freeway system]] facilitated the expansion of suburbs and [[human migration]] throughout the Inland Empire and Southern California. ==Geography== {{See also|List of tallest buildings in the Inland Empire}} [[Image:Sb 2004 dt snowskyline 003a.jpg‎|left|thumb|View of the snowy San Bernardino skyline.]] Unlike most [[metropolitan area]]s that have grown up around a central city, the Inland Empire is composed of many small and medium sized cities and unincorporated communities that together form the 14th-largest metropolitan area in the nation. [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]] and [[Orange County, California|Orange County]] border the Inland Empire to the West; [[Inyo County, California|Inyo]] and [[Kern County, California|Kern]] to the North, [[San Diego County, California|San Diego]] and [[Imperial County]] to the South and the States of [[Arizona]] and [[Nevada]] to the East. The Inland Empire stretches from the [[Pomona Valley]] through the [[San Bernardino Valley]], encompassing the [[San Bernardino Mountains]] and the [[High Desert (California)|high]] and [[Low Desert|low]] deserts to the Nevada and Arizona state lines. [[Suburban sprawl]], centering around the cities of [[Riverside, California|Riverside]], [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]], and [[Ontario, California|Ontario]], spreads out to form a unified whole with the [[Greater Los Angeles area]], with further development encroaching past the mountains into the outlying desert areas. The San Bernardino valley floor houses roughly over 80% of the total human population in the IE.<ref name="Mian">{{citation | last=Mian | first=Lal S. | title=Inland Empire Environmental Quality Paradigm | url=http://partnerships.csusb.edu/fellowshipReports/99-00%20Mian%20Final%20Report.pdf | publisher=Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, [[California State University, San Bernardino]] | location=[[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] | date=December, 2000 | accessdate=2007-12-16}}</ref> Elevations range from 11,499 feet (3,505 metres) at the top of the [[San Gorgonio Mountain]] to 282 ft (86 m) below sea level at the bottom of [[Death Valley]] in the [[Mojave Desert]]. The San Bernardino mountains are home to the [[San Bernardino National Forest]] and the resort communities of [[Big Bear Lake]], [[Lake Arrowhead]], and [[Running Springs]]. The [[Santa Ana River]] extends from Mt. San Gorgonio for nearly {{convert|100|mi|km}} through San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties before it eventually spills into the [[Pacific Ocean]] at [[Newport Beach]] and [[Huntington Beach]]. While temperatures are generally cool to cold in the mountains, it can get hot in the valleys. In the desert resort of [[Palm Springs]], near [[Joshua Tree National Park]], summer temperatures can reach well over 110 degrees. The developed area of the IE consists of the following valleys: [[Chino Valley]], [[Coachella Valley]], [[Cucamonga Valley]], Menifee Valley, Murrieta Valley, Perris Valley, [[Pomona Valley]], [[San Bernardino Valley]] (Largest valley in the Inland Empire), [[Temecula Valley]], and [[Victor Valley]]. The Inland Empire is popular for recreational activities such as skiing the [[San Bernardino Mountains|San Bernardinos]] or staying overnight at Riverside's [[Mission Inn]]. In Southwestern Riverside County, [[Lake Elsinore]] is popular among boating enthusiasts. Only a few cities on the eastern edge of [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]] that share an area code with the rest of the region are also considered to be in the Inland Empire. Some residents call the area "''the 909''" (after the region's primary telephone [[area code]], [[Area code 909|909]]). This term has been picked up on popular radio and television programs such as ''[[The O.C.]]'' (which centers on a character originally from [[Chino, California|Chino]] who relocates to wealthy [[Newport Beach, California|Newport Beach]]). In 2004 because of growing demand for telephone numbers most of Riverside County was granted a new area code, [[Area code 951|951]]. ==Economics== ===Housing=== [[Image:Riversidehomes.JPG|thumb|left|Riverside housing tract]] [[Image:InlandEmpireHousingConstructionFromTheAir.jpg|thumb|Housing construction visible from the air in [[Fontana, California]], summer 2007.]] Since the 1950s, the area has evolved from a [[rural]] to a [[suburban]] environment. In addition to existing cities such as [[Riverside, California|Riverside]] and [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]], the region now comprises numerous suburban cities known as [[bedroom communities]] such as [[Rancho Cucamonga, California|Rancho Cucamonga]]. Affordable [[home ownership]] is the primary motivation behind the growth in these Inland Empire communities as homes there are generally less expensive than comparable homes in [[Orange County, California|Orange]] and [[Los Angeles County|Los Angeles]] Counties, however, still generally more expensive than the rest of the nation. The steady rise in population and the strong demand for housing has led to a dramatic increase in single-family residential construction on lots of 1/4 acre (1,000 m²) or more (as opposed to high-density development such as multi-level [[apartment]]s or [[condominium]]s). Much of the vacant land is rapidly being developed to the chagrin of those who grew up living 'in the country'. In addition, much of the land that was used for [[agriculture]] is now being sold by their owners and being converted for use for more intensive purposes such [[shopping center]]s, [[warehouse|industrial warehouses]], etc. This continuous development, due to the various interests involved, has become seemingly unplanned and uncontrolled [[suburban sprawl]].<ref>{{citation | last=Conference Transcripts | title=Smart Growth on the Edge: Suburban Planning and Development for the Next 20 Years | url=http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=cssd/opolis | journal=Opolis: An International Journal of Suburban and Metropolitan Studies | volume=1 | issue=2 | date=2005 | pages=62–68 | publisher=[[bepress]] and eScholarship Repository, [[California Digital Library]] | location=[[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]] and [[Oakland, California|Oakland]] | accessdate=2007-12-17}}</ref> ===Retail=== [[Image:Ontariomillssign.jpg|thumb|Ontario Mills]] [[Retailing]] in the area has increased to keep abreast with the rapidly growing suburban population. The region is home to several large upscale [[shopping mall]]s, including the [[Montclair Plaza]] in [[Montclair, California|Montclair]], the [[Galleria at Tyler]] in [[Riverside, California|Riverside]], [[Ontario Mills]] in [[Ontario, California|Ontario]], Dos Lagos in Corona, [[The Promenade In Temecula|Promenade Mall]] in [[Temecula]], [[Moreno Valley Mall]] in [[Moreno Valley]], [[Victoria Gardens Mall]] in [[Rancho Cucamonga, California|Rancho Cucamonga]] and the [[Inland Center]] mall in [[San Bernardino, California]]. In fiscal year 2006, retail sales in San Bernardino County grew by 11.9% to $31.2 billion, while sales in Riverside County were up 11.3% to $29.6 billion.<ref name="QER1">{{cite journal | last= Husing | first= John | title= Inland Empire City Profile 2007 | url= http://www.johnhusing.com/QER%20Oct%202007%20web.pdf | journal=Inland Empire Quarterly Economic Report | publisher=Economics & Politics, Inc | location=[[Redlands, California|Redlands]] | volume = 19| issue =4 | date=October, 2007 | accessdate=2007-12-01}}</ref> ===Industry=== [[Image:Boxcars, Rialto, California, Sunset.jpg|thumb|left|Boxcars, Rialto, California]] Inexpensive land prices (compared to Los Angeles and Orange Counties), a large supply of vacant land, and a [[transport network]] where many highways and railroads intersect have made the Inland Empire a major [[shipping|shipping hub]]. Some of the nation's largest [[manufacturing]] companies have chosen the Inland Empire for their [[distribution center|distribution facilities]] including [[Toyota]] Motor Corporation's North American Parts and Logistics Distribution (NAPLD) center in [[Ontario, California|Ontario]] and APL Logistics in [[Rancho Cucamonga, California|Rancho Cucamonga]]. [[Whirlpool Corporation]] recently leased a {{convert|1700000|sqft|m2|sing=on}} distribution center in [[Perris, California|Perris]] that is larger than 31 football fields and one of the biggest warehouses in the country.<ref>{{cite news | last=Roger | first=Vincent | title=Inland Empire warehouse deals | url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-warehouses15nov15,1,2461798.story?ctrack=2&cset=true | publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=[[November 15]], [[2007]] | accessdate=2007-12-01}}</ref> These centers operate as part of the system that [[transport]]s finished goods and materials from the ports of [[Los Angeles]] and [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]] to destinations to the north and east such as [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]], [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], and [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]]. More than 80% percent of the state's imported cargo is shipped through the Los Angeles/Inland Empire Corridor.<ref name= "Pitchford">{{cite news | last=Pitchford | first= Phil | coauthors = Miller, Jim | title= $1.7 billion allotted to five-county region for highway, rail projects | date= [[November 28]], [[2007]] | url= http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_D_tcif28.33199ca.html | publisher= [[Press Enterprise (California)| Press Enterprise]] | accessdate= 2007-12-01}}</ref> Three major airports service the area, the [[San Bernardino International Airport]], [[Palm Springs International Airport]], and the [[LA/Ontario International Airport]]. While [[urbanization]] continues to cut into agricultural lands, the Inland Empire still produces substantial crops, from [[grapefruit]] in the [[Coachella Valley]] to [[milk]] in [[Chino, California|Chino]]. Although {{convert|10000|acre|km2}} of irrigated land was lost between 2002 and 2004, agriculture still brought in more than $1.6 billion in revenues to the two-county region in 2006.<ref name= "Petrix">{{cite news | last=Petrix | first= Mark | title= From two orange trees Sprang an Empire | date= [[October 30]], [[2007]] | url= http://www.dailybulletin.com/ci_7335226 | publisher= [[Daily Bulletin]] | accessdate= 2007-11-15}}</ref> ==Environmental quality== {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:150px;" |- |<!--column1-->[[Image:Smoggy haze in the Inland Empire.JPG|140px]] |<!--column2-->[[Image:Generally clear day in the Inland Empire.jpg|140px]] |- |<!--column1-->The Inland Empire is subject to smog conditions on a regular basis as seen here, looking south, from the north terminus of Haven Avenue in Rancho Cucamonga. Note how the street 'fades' into the smoggy haze and the [[Santa Ana Mountains]] are completely obscured. |<!--column2-->The Inland Empire is also subject to [[Santa Ana wind|Santa Ana Winds]] that lead to generally clear days, free of smog or the [[marine layer]]. Note how the street that 'faded' into the smoggy haze and the [[Santa Ana Mountains]] that were completely obscured in the image to the left are now visible. |}<!--end wikitable--> The result of this ongoing development has resulted in greater [[employment]] opportunities, increased [[affluence]] of the populace, and homeownership. Unfortunately, increased [[traffic congestion]], degradation in [[air quality]], and loss of open and environmentally sensitive land has been the negative result.<ref>{{cite conference | last=Oversight Field Hearing | first=Committee on Resources, [[US House of Representatives]] | title=Examining Impacts of the Endangered Species Act on Southern California's Inland Empire | date=[[September 10]], [[2004]], in [[Fontana, California]] | url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:95902.pdf | place=[[Fontana, California|Fontana]] | location=[[Washington, D.C.]] | booktitle=One Hundredth Eighth Congress, Second Session | publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] | accessdate=2007-12-17}}</ref> The solution to these problems is not simple. The presence of so many municipal jurisdictions within the Inland Empire which often have different 'visions' for their respective futures means that no two cities can mutually agree on a solution or, just as common, have unequal means for implementing one. The lack of an organized or unequal enforcement of existing laws and policies further undermines any solution that could be proposed. Lastly, the pace at which development occurs (fast) versus the ability of government to respond to changes (slow) means that it could easily take years, if not decades, for a viable solution (such as new roads, pollution controls, etc.) to go into effect.<ref>{{cite news | last= Newell |first= Jason | title= Inland Empire faces challenges, opportunities in years ahead | url= http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_4638899?IADID=Search-www.sbsun.com-www.sbsun.com | publisher= [[San Bernardino County Sun]] | date= [[November 11]], [[2006]] | accessdate= 2007-11-26}}</ref> ===Air pollution=== [[Air pollution]], or [[Particulate|suspended particulate matter]] locally generated from the increased number of automobiles in the area, from point sources such as factories, dust carried into the air by construction activity, and the contribution of similar pollutants from the Los Angeles area has regularly caused the Inland Empire to be at, or near, the bottom of many air quality ratings. In 2004, the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] rated the [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]]-[[Riverside, California|Riverside]] area as having the worst [[particulate]] air pollution in the United States (although the [[San Joaquin Valley]] in central California had the worst overall air pollution).<ref>{{citation | last=Supryia | first=Ray | title=Plagued by Pollution: Unsafe Levels of Soot Pollution in 2004 | date=2006 | publisher=Environment California Research & Policy Center | url=http://www.environmentcalifornia.org/uploads/R-/oF/R-oFUKy2ysvz3KLzq5jIDQ/Plagued_by_Pollution.pdf | location=[[Los Angeles]] | accessdate=2007-12-16}}</ref> The air pollution problem is exacerbated by the region's location which is surrounded by mountain ranges to the north and east; the mountains 'contain' these [[Particulate|aerosols]] which otherwise would be carried out of the region by the prevailing winds which typically flow from west to east. ===Water pollution=== [[Water pollution]] has also been found in the [[Santa Ana River]] and Cajon wash, and pollutants from the [[March Air Reserve Base]] and [[Stringfellow Acid Pits]] have contaminated much of the [[groundwater]] in Riverside County.<ref name="Mian">{{citation | last=Mian | first=Lal S. | title=Inland Empire Environmental Quality Paradigm | url=http://partnerships.csusb.edu/fellowshipReports/99-00%20Mian%20Final%20Report.pdf | publisher=Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, [[California State University, San Bernardino]] | location=[[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] | date=December, 2000 | accessdate=2007-12-16}}</ref> In 1997, [[perchlorate]], a chemical used to produce explosives, was discovered to be seeping into the groundwater under [[Rialto, California|Rialto]] in a plume that continues to grow. In 2007, the Rialto City council petitioned the [[EPA]] for [[Superfund]] status to clean up the origin site. The sites comprising March Air Reserve Base, [[Norton Air Force Base]] and the Stringfellow Acid Pits have already been classified as EPA Superfund [[toxic waste]] sites.<ref>{{cite news | last=Pesick | first=Jason | title=Rialto seeks Superfund designation for perchlorate | url=http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_B_bpollute05.8b521f.html | publisher=[[Press Enterprise (California)| Press Enterprise]] | date=2007-12-04 | accessdate=2007-12-16}}</ref> ===Traffic congestion=== [[Image:I-10m 215 Interchange traffic, San Bernardino, CA.jpg|thumb|left|I-10, 215 Interchange traffic, San Bernardino, CA]] [[Traffic congestion]] problems on the roadways, as with elsewhere in [[Southern California]], is, simply stated, the result of the steady increase in the number of vehicles and a transportation infrastructure network that has not been expanded accordingly. Many of the existing [[freeway]]s were completed in the late 1970s. With the exception of the segment of the [[Foothill Freeway]], [[California State Route 210|State Route 210]] (SR 210) between [[San Dimas, California|San Dimas]] and [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] recently completed in July, 2007, no new freeways or highways are planned in the Inland Empire. Another problem is the jobs vs. housing imbalance. In general, most of the higher paying jobs are located in Los Angeles and Orange County. Thus, workers must [[Commuting|commute]] daily up to two hours (each direction) on the existing network. As the population increases, the problem is most certainly going to increase as well. [[Forbes Magazine]] recently ranked the area first in its list of America's most unhealthy commutes, beating out every other major metropolitan area in the county, as Inland area drivers breathe the unhealthiest air and have the highest rate of fatal [[auto accident]]s per capita.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Van Dusen | first=Alison | title=America's Unhealthy Commutes | url=http://www.forbes.com/lifestyle/2007/07/23/health-commute-pollution-forbeslife-cx_avd_0724commute.html | journal=[[Forbes Magazine]] | date=2007-11-26 | accessdate=2007-12-09}}</ref> ==Demographics== [[Image:Riverside DSCN0700.JPG|thumb|left|Downtown Riverside view from [[Mt. Rubidoux]], winter 2006.]] The Inland Empire is described as a [[United States metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]] by the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], notated as Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA. With 4.03 million people,<ref name="Stats" /> it is the [[Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|14th largest metropolitan area in the United States]]. In addition, according to the 2000 Census, it is the fastest growing area in the state. Between 1990 and 2000, Riverside and San Bernardino counties added 700,000 to their population totals, an increase of 26%.<ref name= "Rivera">{{citation |last1= Tornatzky |first1= Louis | last2=Barreto | first2= Matt A.| title=Economic Development and the Knowledge Economy in California's Inland Empire: Progress or Stagnation? | date= 2004| publisher=Thomás Rivera Policy Institute, [[University of Southern California]], School of Policy, Planning, and Development | location=[[Los Angeles]] | url= http://www.trpi.org/PDFs/IE.pdf |accessdate=2007-11-10}}</ref> 1.60 million of the IE's 3.71 million residents as of 2004 were [[White American|White]] (43.2%), slightly more than the 1.56 million who culturally classified themselves as [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic]] (42.0%). [[African Americans]] were the next largest group at 267,479 (7.2%). They were followed by [[Asian American]]s at 188,736 (5.1%). All other groups represented 93,759 people (2.5%). From 1990-2004, the Inland Empire's White population declined slightly by 20,470 (-1.8%), while the number of Blacks grew by 97,064 (8.7%), Asians grew by 93,864 (8.4%) and Hispanics grew 881,307 (78.7%).<ref name="QER3">{{cite journal | last= Husing | first= John | title= Inland Empire's Growing Diversity | url= http://www.johnhusing.com/QER%20July%202006%20web.pdf | journal=Inland Empire Quarterly Economic Report | publisher=Economics & Politics, Inc | location=[[Redlands, California|Redlands]] | volume = 18 | issue =3 | date=July, 2006 | accessdate=2007-12-01}}</ref> The [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] reports that in 2006, 33.1% of people in the San Bernardino-Ontario area were [[overweight]], and 30.8% were [[obese]]. [[Forbes Magazine]] ranks the area as the fourth fattest in the country.<ref>{{cite news |last=Edwards | first=Andrew | title= I.E. sees heavy growth - in fatness | url= http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_7585339 | publisher= [[San Bernardino County Sun]] | date= [[November 29]], [[2007]] | accessdate= 2007-12-09}}</ref> A substantial majority of residents (76.6%), last comparatively surveyed in 2001, rated their respective counties as good places to live. Over 81% of Riverside County residents indicated that their county is a very good or fairly good place to live, while about 72% of residents in San Bernardino County felt the same way. Survey respondents cited "nice living area," "good climate," and "affordable housing" as the top positive factors in assessing their respective communities. Smog was by far the most important negative factor affecting respondents’ ratings in both counties, while traffic was the 2nd highest concern in Riverside County and crime the 2nd highest concern among San Bernardino County residents.<ref>{{citation | last1=Bockman | first1=Shell | last2=Neiman | first2=Max | last3=Sirotnik | first3=Barbara | title=2001 Inland Empire Annual Survey | publisher=Inland Empire Research Consortium | location=[[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] | date=2001 | url=http://iar.csusb.edu/2001%20Final%20Full%20Report%20All.pdf | accessdate=2007-12-17}}</ref> ===Politics=== While the region as a whole has traditionally leaned more [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] than the rest of California, newer residents are less likely to identify with the Republican party than longer-term residents (36 percent to 42 percent), and the total number of residents identifying with the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] (34%) now slightly edges over the number identifying with the Republican party (33%). However, [[voting]] rates are lower than in the rest of the state, and as the population grows there is also a trend away from [[civic engagement]] entirely. Among more recent residents, only 19% belong to civic organizations and 9% have served as a [[volunteer]] in a community organization. By contrast, 28% of long-term residents belong to community organizations and 15% have volunteered. Whites and African Americans have the highest participation rates for nearly every type of political activity, while Latinos and Asian Americans lag significantly behind other groups in terms of volunteerism and organizational membership. However, the 2006 [[Great American Boycott|immigration protests]] have significantly boosted political participation among Latinos, with nearly one in seven participating in demonstrations and marches that year.<ref name="participation">{{citation | last=Ramakrishnan | first=Karthick |title=Survey of Civil and Political Engagement in the Inland Empire | url=http://www.politicalscience.ucr.edu/reports/iesurvey-jul2007.pdf | date= July, 2007 | publisher=Department of Political Science, [[University of California, Riverside]] | location=[[Riverside, California|Riverside]] | accessdate=2007-11-27}}</ref> ===Religion=== 78% of Inland residents view themselves as [[Christian]]s. 39% identify as [[Catholic]], 14% as [[Protestant]], and 25% as some other type of Christian. (36% of total Inland Christians view themselves as "[[born again]].") 1% of the population are [[Jewish]], 6% belong to some other religion, and 14% profess no religion. 27% of Inland residents attend some form of [[religious service]] once a week, 14% attend more than once a week, 15% once a month, and 14% only attend services on major religious holidays.<ref name="participation">{{citation | last=Ramakrishnan | first=Karthick |title=Survey of Civil and Political Engagement in the Inland Empire | url=http://www.politicalscience.ucr.edu/reports/iesurvey-jul2007.pdf | date= July, 2007 | publisher=Department of Political Science, [[University of California, Riverside]] | location=[[Riverside, California|Riverside]] | accessdate=2007-11-27}}</ref><ref> {{citation |url=http://www.pe.com/religion/stories/PE_News_Local_D_godmain24.408c852.html |title=Growing devotions |newspaper= [[The Press-Enterprise (California)|The Press Enterprise]] |accessdate=2008-01-30 |last=Wells Miller |first=Bettye |date=[[July 24]], [[2005]] }} </ref> ===Crime=== While the [[crime index]] in Riverside and Ontario tends slightly over the national average, [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] has a crime index consistently near or over twice that of the national average.<ref>{{cite web | title= San Bernardino, California, Detailed Profile | url= http://www.city-data.com/city/San-Bernardino-California.html | publisher=City-Data.com | accessdate=2007-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title= Riverside, California, Detailed Profile | url= http://www.city-data.com/city/Riverside-California.html | publisher=City-Data.com | accessdate=2007-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title= Ontario, California, Detailed Profile | url= http://www.city-data.com/city/Ontario-California.html | publisher=City-Data.com | accessdate=2007-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Rogers | first= Robert | title= Experts advise SB leaders on parolees | url=http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_7573553?IADID=Search-www.sbsun.com-www.sbsun.com | date=November 27, 2007 | publisher= [[San Bernardino County Sun]] | accessdate=2007-11-27}}</ref> Latino gangs have been active in the region since the area's citrus days while a continual migration of African American gangs from LA has flowed into the area since the [[Watts Riots]].<ref name= "History">{{cite news | title= History timeline of the Inland Empire, California | url= http://www.sbsun.com/empireday_3/ci_7323066 | publisher= [[San Bernardino County Sun]] | date= [[October 30]], [[2007]] | accessdate= 2007-11-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Matthews | first=Will |title=Roots of youth violence |url=http://lang.dailybulletin.com/socal/gangs/articles/ivdbp1_main.asp | publisher=[[Inland Valley Daily Bulletin]] | date= [[September 26]], [[2004]] | accessdate= 2007-11-27}}</ref> Today, the number of gangs with roots outside the area far exceeds the number of local gangs active in the IE, which is easily notable as gang members frequently identify themselves with [[tattoo]]s bearing their home turf and affiliations.<ref>{{cite news | last=Woods | first=Wes II |title=New gangs move into I.E. |url=http://www.dailybulletin.com/search/ci_7307838 | publisher=[[Inland Valley Daily Bulletin]] | accessdate= 2007-11-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Muckenfuss | first=Mark |title=Marked Men | url=http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_D_tattoo22.2950771.html | publisher=[[Press Enterprise (California)|Press Enterprise]] | date= [[November 22]], [[2007]] | accessdate= 2007-11-27}}</ref> The increased diversity in the region between 1990 and 2000 is also associated with a 20% increase in [[hate crime]] in the same period, mostly ascribed to increased gang activity.<ref name= "SPLC">{{cite journal | last=Holthouse | first=David | title=California Conflict | url=http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?pid=956 | journal= Intelligence Report| publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] | date= Fall, 2005 | accessdate= 2007-11-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Silva | first=David | title=War on Hate, Brian Levin and the changing face of extremist groups in the IE | url= http://www.ieweekly.com/cms/story/detail/?id=581&menu=Story | publisher=Inland Empire Weekly | date=2007-05-03 | accessdate=2007-12-12}}</ref> According to data from the FBI's [[Uniform Crime Reports|Uniform Crime Reporting]] program, taken together, [[Riverside County, California|Riverside]] and [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino]] counties showed a total of 51,237 crimes reported to county police/sheriffs (but not to city or other agencies) in 2006; this combined total exceeded the totals for all other California counties—considered individually—except for [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles]] and [[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento]].<ref>[http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/data/table_10_ca.html Table 10 (California) - Crime in the United States 2006<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <!-- (Find a good home for this!) [[Joan Didion]] brought some infamy to Inland Empire crime when she wrote about a famous homicide in the essay "Some Dreamers of the Golden Dream." The piece is featured in her collection of essays [[Slouching Towards Bethlehem]] from the late 1960s. The essay offers colorful descriptions of the Alta Loma area of [[Rancho Cucamonga, California]], Santa Ana winds and the San Bernardino courthouse. --> ===Education=== There is a trend of lower educational attainment in the IE, which starts early. Only 37% of 3- and 4-year olds in the region are enrolled in [[pre-school]], with only one school in the region for every 343 children, as compared to 48% enrollment in [[San Diego County]]. 35% of the IE's ninth graders do not graduate from [[high school]], and only 37% of its college age residents enroll in a [[post-secondary education]] program of some sort. Only 24% of the IE's adult residents have attained a [[college degree]] or better. 25% do not possess a high school diploma.<ref name= "Rivera">{{citation |last1= Tornatzky |first1= Louis | last2=Barreto | first2= Matt A.| title=Economic Development and the Knowledge Economy in California's Inland Empire: Progress or Stagnation? | date= 2004| publisher=Thomás Rivera Policy Institute, [[University of Southern California]], School of Policy, Planning, and Development | location=[[Los Angeles]] | url= http://www.trpi.org/PDFs/IE.pdf |accessdate=2007-11-10}}</ref> According to [[CSUSB]] President Al Karnig, "We have a very low college attendance rate that is scantly above half of what the average is in other states. We have only have about 20 percent college graduates in the Inland Empire while the average in other states is 38 percent."<ref>{{cite news |last=Kennedy-Ross | first=Selicia | title= What's in the future for I. E. universities? | url= http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_7342616?IADID=Search-www.sbsun.com-www.sbsun.com | publisher= [[San Bernardino County Sun]] | date= [[October 17]], [[2007]] | accessdate= 2007-10-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=An | first=Caroline | title= Inland Empire college-going rate among California's lowest | url= http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_4639260?IADID=Search-www.sbsun.com-www.sbsun.com | publisher= [[San Bernardino County Sun]] | date= [[November 10]], [[2006]] | accessdate= 2007-11-25}}</ref> 21 inland area high schools rank in the top 100 in California for producing dropouts.<ref> {{citation |url=http://www.pe.com/localnews/k12/stories/PE_News_Local_S_dropout21.446107b.html |title=21 Inland schools rank in top 100 for dropouts |newspaper=[[Press Enterprise (California)|Press Enterprise]] |accessdate=2008-02-21 |last=Parsavand |first=Shirin |date=[[February 21]], [[2008]] |unused_data=|PE.com|Inland Southern California|K-12 }} </ref> Of Inland residents 25 years and over in 2004, Asians were the best educated. 44.4% had bachelor’s or higher degrees, and nearly 70% had at least attended college. Among Whites, 22.8% had 4-year degrees or higher, and 60.8% at least attended college. In the African American community, the number with bachelor’s or higher degree was 21.3%, and 65.2% had either a community college degree or had attended college. Only 6.9% of Hispanic adults had a 4-year or higher degree, and only 30.2% attended college at all.<ref name="QER3">{{cite journal | last= Husing | first= John | title= Inland Empire's Growing Diversity | url= http://www.johnhusing.com/QER%20July%202006%20web.pdf | journal=Inland Empire Quarterly Economic Report | publisher=Economics & Politics, Inc | location=[[Redlands, California|Redlands]] | volume = 18 | issue =3 | date=July, 2006 | accessdate=2007-12-01}}</ref> Among students transferring from Inland community colleges to private schools in 2004-05, the most frequent choice was the [[University of Phoenix]].<ref>{{cite news | last=Regus | first=Elaine | title=Inland Higher Education Notes | url=http://www.pe.com/localnews/highereducation/stories/PE_News_Local_H_hiednotes31.32964ba.html | publisher=[[Press Enterprise (California)| Press Enterprise]] | date=2007-12-31 | accessdate=2007-12-31}}</ref> ===Employment=== While the Inland Empire led the state in job-growth with 275,000 new jobs between 1990 and 2000, most are in comparatively low-tech fields. San Bernardino and Riverside counties are primarily host to [[service industry|service]] and [[manufacturing]]- or [[warehousing]]-oriented industries. [[Food service|Food]] and [[Administration (business)|administrative]] services employ the most people in the Inland Empire, while for the state of California, the top industries are in administrative services and [[professional]], [[scientific]] and [[hi-tech]]-oriented fields. 79.8% of the IE's job growth from 1990-2003 was in service-sector jobs.<ref name="QER2">{{cite journal | last= Husing | first= John | title= New Data provide detailed look at Inland Empire's Looming Strengths & Difficulties | url= http://www.johnhusing.com/QER%20Jan%202004%20web.pdf | journal=Inland Empire Quarterly Economic Report | publisher=Economics & Politics, Inc | location=[[Redlands, California|Redlands]] | volume = 16 | issue =1 | date=January, 2004 | accessdate=2007-12-01}}</ref> Low-wage industries are abundant in the IE, and the high-tech and professional industries that are in the area actually pay more in other regions of California. As many as one-third of working adults commute out of the {{convert|27000|sqmi|km2|sing=on}} region to find work, the highest proportion of any area in the country. Adding to [[gridlock]], less than 5% of the IE's 1,249,224 working-age residents use [[public transportation]] to get to work each day. 14.5% carpool, while 79.7% typically drive alone to work in their cars.<ref name= "Rivera">{{citation |last1= Tornatzky |first1= Louis | last2=Barreto | first2= Matt A.| title=Economic Development and the Knowledge Economy in California's Inland Empire: Progress or Stagnation? | date= 2004| publisher=Thomás Rivera Policy Institute, [[University of Southern California]], School of Policy, Planning, and Development | location=[[Los Angeles]] | url= http://www.trpi.org/PDFs/IE.pdf |accessdate=2007-11-10}}</ref> The region has an unemployment rate of 6.1%, while overall jobless claims in California are at 5.4 percent and 4.4 percent nationally.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brown | first=Josh | title= Inland job growth remains steady in October, according to state | url= http://www.pe.com/business/local/stories/PE_Biz_D_jobs17.25e1250.html | publisher= [[Press Enterprise (California)|Press Enterprise]] | date= [[November 16]], [[2007]] | accessdate= 2007-11-25}}</ref> ==Culture== While not widely known as a cultural mecca, various locations in the Inland Empire provide venues for cultural performances and entertainment. The [[Hyundai Pavilion]] in Devore is the nation's largest outdoor [[amphitheater]]. [[Ontario Mills]] draws more visitors annually than [[Disneyland]], and San Bernardino's "Route 66 Rendezvous," an annual street fair and [[classic car]] show, draws a half-million people from around the world.<ref>{{cite news | last=Weeks | first=John | title=Inland Empire - a pop culture bastion | url=http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_4639257 | date=2006-11-10 | publisher=[[San Bernardino County Sun]] | accessdate=2007-12-17}}</ref> ===Cuisine=== The Mission Inn and Mario's Place in Riverside are known for great cuisine. The Sycamore Inn and the Magic Lamp Inn are well known historic restaurants in Rancho Cucamonga. San Bernardino's hilltop Castaway Inn is also renowned as one of the IE's best restaurants.<ref>{{cite news | last=Weeks | first=John | title=SoCal eatery guide has limited taste | url=http://www.sbsun.com/search/ci_6324954 | date=2007-07-08 | publisher=[[San Bernardino County Sun]] | assessdate=2007-12-24}}</ref> ===Music=== Established bands from the IE include [[Alien Ant Farm]], [[The Bellrays]] and the [[Voodoo Glow Skulls]], from Riverside, and [[Cracker (band)|Cracker]] from Redlands. [[House music]] pioneer [[DJ Lynnwood]] got his start at the age of ten spinning records at [[KUOR]] in Redlands. Local [[hip-hop]] artists such as [[Saint Dog]], [[Suga Free]], Miah Lanski, [[Sly Boogy]], [[Lighter Shade of Brown]], and artists represented by [[Homeless Records]], have brought about much attention to the growing rap community in and around the area, some rock journalists dubbing it a new genre, "[[Cali 909]]." A number of artists associated with the [[Palm Desert Scene]] have also forged a new genre, "[[Desert rock]]." A [[Denmark|Danish]] record label, Musikministeriet, recently opened up an office in Redlands in hopes of further cultivating the IE music scene.<ref>{{cite news | last=Flansburg | first=Darcie | title=Musikministeriet, new music label in town | url=http://www.redlandsdailyfacts.com/factsonfilm/ci_4374694 | publisher=[[Redlands Daily Facts]] | date=2006-09-21 | accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref> [[Frank Zappa]] lived in the Pomona Valley area and owned a restaurant in Upland on Foothill Boulevard during the early 1960s where he played shows on a makeshift stage for college crowds. From the late 80s until the late 90s, many up-and-coming musical acts, such as [[Rage Against the Machine]], [[Blink-182]] and [[No Doubt]] cut their teeth playing venues in Riverside.<ref>{{cite news | last=Franko | first=Vanessa | title=Riverside record shop turns the tables | url=http://www.pe.com/entertainment/thingstodo/stories/PE_Ent_Guide_D_audiofile0921.22be6aa.html | publisher=[[Press Enterprise (California)| Press Enterprise]] | date=September 21, 2007 | accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref> However, these historic venues (Spanky's Cafe, the Barn at UCR, and the De Anza Theatre) have since been closed and converted to other purposes. Emerging music venues in the IE include the Showcase Theatre in Corona, Red Planet Records in Riverside, the Vault in Redlands, the Buffalo Inn in Upland, the Twins Club in Rancho Cucamonga, the Press Restaurant in Claremont, and the Glass House in Pomona.<ref>{{cite news | last=Novick | first=La Rue | title=Oh what a night | url=http://www.dailybulletin.com/livinghere/ci_2733039 | publisher=[[Inland Valley Daily Bulletin]] | date=2005-05-17 | accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref>. The [[List of bands from Inland Empire]] has artists and musicians that are from the Inland Empire. ===Performing arts=== [[Orchestra]]s in the IE include the Redlands Symphony, which performs at the [[University of Redlands]], the Riverside County Philharmonic, which performs at the Riverside Municipal Auditorium, the San Bernardino Symphony, which performs at the [[California Theatre (San Bernardino)|California Theatre]], and the Victor Valley Symphony, which performs at [[Victor Valley College]] Theatrical Arts International is housed at the [[California Theatre (San Bernardino)|California Theatre]] as well. With the largest subscriber base in the Inland Empire, Theatrical Arts International presents the largest caliber tours available including such blockbusters as "Cats," "Mamma Mia," And "Miss Saigon." ===Sports=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! scope="col" | Club ! scope="col" | League ! scope="col" | Venue ! scope="col" | Established ! scope="col" | Championships |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino]] | [[California League|CaL]], Baseball | [[Arrowhead Credit Union Park]] | 1941 | 5 |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Lake Elsinore Storm]] | [[California League|CaL]], Baseball | [[Lake Elsinore Diamond]] | 1994 | 2 |- |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Rancho Cucamonga Quakes]] | [[California League|CaL]], Baseball | [[The Epicenter]] | 1993 | 1 |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Ontario Reign]] | [[ECHL]], Ice hockey | [[Citizens Business Bank Arena]] | 2008 | 0 |- |} {{Inland Empire Area Sports}} === Media === ====Newspapers==== The Inland Empire is served by three major local newspapers. The [[San Bernardino County Sun]], which serves primary the [[San Bernardino Valley]] region, and the [[Inland Valley Daily Bulletin]], which serves the [[Pomona Valley]], are both part of the [[Los Angeles Newspaper Group]] owned by [[MediaNews Group]]. The Riverside-based [[Press-Enterprise (California)|Press-Enterprise]] also has a few editions over the area. For the [[High Desert (California)|High Desert]], The Daily Press is the local newspaper. [[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]] and the greater [[Coachella Valley]] are served by [[The Desert Sun]]. There is also an Inland Empire edition of the [[Los Angeles Times]]. The [http://www.westsidestorynewspaper.com Westside Story Newspaper] is a local San Bernardino paper published by Mr. Wallace Allen. It provides literature for and about the African-American community. ====Radio==== The Inland Empire is ranked 26th (June 2008) in the national radio market.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | title = Radio and Records: Ratings | url= http://www.radioandrecords.com/RRRatings/DetailsPage.aspx?MID=216&RY=2007&RQ=1&MP=2&OTHER=2&MN=Riverside-San%20Bernardino&MS=CA&MR=25&12P=1806800&UP=4/4/2007&SU=CM&BPER=9.0&HPER=42.1&OPER=&NSD=5/1/2007&CE=0 | accessdate = 2008-06-20 }}</ref> San Bernardino classic hits station [[KOLA]] 99.9 has the biggest reach of all Inland Empire stations, the size of its signal carrying it as far south as [[San Diego]], as far north as [[Kern County]], to the northwest to [[Ventura County]], and east to [[Indio]] and [[Salton Sea]]. KOLA is also one of the oldest and longest-running radio stations in Southern California. [[KCAL-FM]] is known as 96-7 KCAL Rocks and is the longest continually-programmed radio station in the area, playing rock music. X103.9 [[KCXX]] represents the alternative rock radio format in the area, and is owned and operated by former Green Bay Packer and NFL Hall of Famer Willie Davis. [[KVCR (FM)]] 91.9 is the Inland Empire's public radio station, broadcasting NPR, BBC World Service and other public radio programming. Many stations in the area do not transmit far, in part owing to the physical geography of the area, possibly in part because of the strength of the radio transmitters. UC Riverside's KUCR is the IE's most popular college radio station, although [[KSPC]] Claremont 88.7 FM (based at the Claremont Colleges) provides a station for independent music fans. ====Television==== While the Inland Empire has television channels licensed to their cities, only two channels, PBS member station [[KVCR-TV]] & Inland Hot Spot TV[http://www.Inlandhotspot.com [KIHS-TV]], broadcast directly to the Inland Empire. The other channels broadcast to the greater Southern California market. [[FCC]] regulations prevent the Inland Empire from having a major network broadcast channel. Thus, the Inland Empire's source for most of its television comes from Los Angeles. The southern section of the Inland Empire may have San Diego television as their main source. In some areas just east of [[Yucaipa]], primary television coverage is from the Palm Springs market. ====Film==== While there are no large [[film production]] companies or studios based in the Inland Empire, [[Filming location|on-location shoots]] accounted for a total economic impact of $65.2 million in the two-county region in 2006.<ref name= "Pierceall">{{cite news | last= Pierceall | first= Kimberly | title=Writer's Guild strike felt to lesser extent in Inland area | url= http://www.pe.com/business/local/stories/PE_Biz_D_wgastrike07.33ba587.html | date= [[November 6]], [[2007]] | publisher= [[Press Enterprise (California)|Press Enterprise]] | accessdate= 2007-11-26}}</ref> From 1994 to 2005, filming accounted for over a billion dollars ($1,228,977,456) in total revenues spent in the area. Some famous films shot in the Inland Empire include [[Executive Decision]], [[U-Turn]], [[Erin Brockovich (film)|Erin Brokovich]], and [[The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)|The Fast and the Furious]].<ref name= "IEFC">{{cite journal | last=Davis | first=Sherri | title= Economic Impact Report | journal= Film Inland Empire News | url= http://www.filminlandempire.com/misc/documents/fien_january_2007.pdf | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | publisher=Inland Empire Film Commission |location=[[Riverside, California|Riverside]] | date= January, 2007 | accessdate=2007-11-25}}</ref> While the [[David Lynch]] film ''[[Inland Empire (film)|Inland Empire]]'' is named after the region, no scenes were actually shot in the Inland Empire.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OUdIWYDMS4 David Lynch's Inland Empire]</ref> ==Incorporated cities== {| class="wikitable sortable" align="left" ! Riverside County <br />Cities ! Year <br />Incorporated ! Population, <br />2007<ref name="QER1"/> ! Median Income,<br />2006<ref name="QER1"/> |- | [[Banning, California|Banning]] | 1913 | 28,272 | $41,268 |- | [[Beaumont, California|Beaumont]] | 1912 | 28,250 | $39,553 |- | [[Blythe, California|Blythe]] | 1916 | 22,178 | $45,302 |- | [[Calimesa, California|Calimesa]] | 1990 | 7,415 | $47,406 |- | [[Canyon Lake, California|Canyon Lake]] | 1990 | 10,939 | $70,106 |- | [[Cathedral City, California|Cathedral City]] | 1981 | 51,081 | $50,654 |- | [[Corona, California|Corona]] | 1896 | 144,661 | $72,162 |- |[[Coachella, California|Coachella]] | 1946 | 35,207 | $33,402 |- | [[Desert Hot Springs, California|Desert Hot Springs]] | 1963 | 22,011 | $33,263 |- | [[Hemet, California|Hemet]] | 1910 | 69,544 | $31,749 |- | [[Indian Wells, California|Indian Wells]] | 1967 | 4,865 | $120,074 |- | [[Indio, California|Indio]] | 1930 | 71,654 | $45,143 |- | [[Lake Elsinore, California|Lake Elsinore]] | 1888 | 40,985 | $54,595 |- | [[La Quinta, California|La Quinta]] | 1982 | 38,340 | $71,127 |- | [[Moreno Valley, California|Moreno Valley]] | 1984 | 174,565 | $52,426 |- | [[Murrieta, California|Murrieta]] | 1991 | 92,933 | $75,102 |- | [[Norco, California|Norco]] | 1964 | 27,262 | $62,652 |- | [[Palm Desert, California|Palm Desert]] | 1973 | 49,539 | $61,789 |- | [[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]] | 1938 | 46,437 | $46,399 |- | [[Perris, California|Perris]] | 1911 | 47,139 | $35,338 |- | [[Rancho Mirage, California|Rancho Mirage]] | 1973 | 16,672 | $78,434 |- | [[Riverside, California|Riverside]] | 1883 | 287,820 | $52,023 |- | [[San Jacinto, California|San Jacinto]] | 1888 | 31,066 | $39,235 |- | [[Temecula, California|Temecula]] | 1989 | 93,923 | $71,754 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" ! San Bernardino County<br /> Cities ! Year <br />Incorporated ! Population,<br />2007<ref name="QER1"/> ! Median Income,<br />2006<ref name="QER1"/> |- | [[Adelanto, California|Adelanto]] | 1970 | 27,139 | $41,444 |- | [[Apple Valley, California|Apple Valley]] | 1988 | 70,297 | $46,751 |- | [[Barstow, California|Barstow]] | 1947 | 23,943 | $44,737 |- | [[Big Bear Lake, California|Big Bear Lake]] | 1981 | 6,207 | $43,983 |- | [[Chino, California|Chino]] | 1910 | 81,224 | $70,994 |- | [[Chino Hills, California|Chino Hills]] | 1991 | 78,668 | $100,394 |- | [[Colton, California|Colton]] | 1887 | 51,797 | $45,911 |- | [[Fontana, California|Fontana]] | 1952 | 181,640 | $60,722 |- | [[Grand Terrace, California|Grand Terrace]] | 1978 | 12,380 | $69,806 |- | [[Hesperia, California|Hesperia]] | 1988 | 85,876 | $43,018 |- | [[Highland, California|Highland]] | 1987 | 52,186 | $53,917 |- | [[Loma Linda, California|Loma Linda]] | 1970 | 22,451 | $49,211 |- | [[Montclair, California|Montclair]] | 1956 | 36,622 | $52,768 |- | [[Needles, California|Needles]] | 1913 | 5,759 | $35,338 |- | [[Ontario, California|Ontario]] | 1891 | 172,701 | $56,688 |- | [[Rancho Cucamonga, California|Rancho Cucamonga]] | 1977 | 172,331 | $75,429 |- | [[Redlands, California|Redlands]] | 1888 | 71,375 | $63,463 |- | [[Rialto, California|Rialto]] | 1911 | 99,064 | $45,759 |- | [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] | 1854 | 205,010 | $36,676 |- | [[Twentynine Palms, California|Twentynine Palms]] | 1987 | 24,830 | $36,471 |- | [[Upland, California|Upland]] | 1906 | 75,169 | $64,894 |- | [[Victorville, California|Victorville]] | 1962 | 102,538 | $50,531 |- | [[Yucaipa, California|Yucaipa]] | 1989 | 51,784 | $50,529 |- | [[Yucca Valley, California|Yucca Valley]] | 1991 | 21,044 | $38,092 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" align="left" ! Los Angeles County <br />Cities ! Year <br />Incorporated ! Population ! Median Income |- | [[Claremont, California|Claremont]] | 1887 | 33,999 | $81,129 |- | [[Diamond Bar, California|Diamond Bar]] | 1989 | 56,287 | $83,614 |- | [[La Verne, California|La Verne]] | 1906 | 31,638 | $61,326 |- | [[Pomona, California|Pomona]] | 1889 | 165,695 | $40,502 |- | [[San Dimas, California|San Dimas]] | 1960 | 34,980 | $62,885 |} {{clear}} ==Unincorporated communities== {| width="100%" |- valign=top |width="33%"| * [[Aguanga, California|Aguanga]] * [[Alberhill, California|Alberhill]] * [[Alta Loma, Rancho Cucamonga, California|Alta Loma]] * [[Amboy, California|Amboy]] * [[Angelus Oaks, California|Angeles Oaks]] * [[Anza, California|Anza]] * [[Arlington, California|Arlington]] * [[Arrowbear, California|Arrowbear]] * [[Baker, California|Baker]] * [[Baldwin Lake, California|Baldwin Lake]] * [[Belltown, California|Belltown]] * [[Bermuda Dunes, California|Bermuda Dunes]] * [[Big Bear City, California|Big Bear City]] * [[Big River, California|Big River]] * [[Bloomington, California|Bloomington]] * [[Blue Jay, California|Blue Jay]] * [[Bryn Mawr, California|Bryn Mawr]] * [[Cabazon, California|Cabazon]] * [[Cadiz, California|Cadiz]] * [[Canyon Crest, California|Canyon Crest]] * [[Canyon Springs, California|Canyon Springs]] * [[Casa Blanca, California|Casa Blanca]] * [[Cedar Glen, California|Cedar Glen]] * [[Cherry Valley, California|Cherry Valley]] * [[Chiriaco Summit, California|Chiriaco Summit]] * [[Coronita, California|Coronita]] * [[Crafton, California|Crafton]] * [[Crestline, California|Crestline]] * [[Crest Park, California|Crest Park]] * [[Daggett, California|Daggett]] * [[Del Rosa, California|Del Rosa]] * [[Desert Beach, California|Desert Beach]] * [[Desert Center, California|Desert Center]] * [[Desert Haven, California|Desert Haven]] * [[Devore, California|Devore]] * [[Earp, California|Earp]] * [[East Blythe, California|East Blythe]] * [[East Hemet, California|East Hemet]] * [[East Highlands, California|East Highlands]] * [[Eastside, California|Eastside]] * [[Eastvale, California|Eastvale]] * [[Eden Hot Springs, California|Eden Hot Springs]] * [[Edgemont, California|Edgemont]] * [[El Cerrito, Riverside County, California|El Cerrito]] * [[El Mirage, California|El Mirage]] * [[Essex, California|Essex]] * [[Etiwanda, California|Etiwanda]] * [[Fawnskin, California|Fawnskin]] * [[Fern Valley, California|Fern Valley]] * [[Flamingo Heights, California|Flamingo Heights]] * [[Forest Falls, California|Forest Falls]] * [[Fort Irwin, California|Fort Irwin]] * [[Fredalba, California|Fredalba]] * [[French Valley, California|French Valley]] * [[Frontera, California|Frontera]] |width="33%"| * [[Garner Valley, California|Garner Valley]] * [[Garnet, California|Garnet]] * [[Gavilan Hills, California|Gavilan Hills]] * [[Gilman Hot Springs, California|Gilman Hot Springs]] * [[Goffs, California|Goffs]] * [[Glen Avon, California|Glen Avon]] * [[Glen Helen, California|Glen Helen]] * [[Good Hope, California|Good Hope]] * [[Green Valley Lake, California|Green Valley Lake]] * [[Green River, California|Green River]] * [[Guasti, California|Guasti]] * [[Heart Bar, California|Heart Bar]] * [[Helendale, California|Helendale]] * [[Hidden Valley, California|Hidden Valley]] * [[Highgrove, California|Highgrove]] * [[Hinkley, California|Hinkley]] * [[Home Gardens, California|Home Gardens]] * [[Homeland, California|Homeland]] * [[Idyllwild, California|Idyllwild]] * [[Indio Hills, California|Indio Hills]] * [[Johannesburg, California|Johannesburg]] * [[Joshua Tree, California|Joshua Tree]] * [[Juniper Flats, California|Juniper Flats]] * [[Jurupa, California|Jurupa]] * [[Kelso, California|Kelso]] * [[Lake Arrowhead, California|Lake Arrowhead]] * [[Lake Gregory, California|Lake Gregory]] * [[Lakeland Village, California|Lakeland Village]] * [[Lakeview, California|Lakeview]] * [[Lakeview Hot Springs, California|Lakeview Hot Springs]] * [[Landers, California|Landers]] * [[La Sierra, California|La Sierra]] * [[La Sierra Heights, California|La Sierra Heights]] * [[Lenwood, California|Lenwood]] * [[Lucerne Valley, California|Lucerne Valley]] * [[Ludlow, California|Ludlow]] * [[Lytle Creek, California|Lytle Creek]] * [[Mecca, California|Mecca]] * [[March Air Reserve Base]] * [[Meadowbrook, California|Meadowbrook]] * [[Mead Valley, California|Mead Valley]] * [[Menifee, California|Menifee]] * [[Mentone, California|Mentone]] * [[Midland, California|Midland]] * [[Minneola, California|Minneola]] * [[Mira Loma, California|Mira Loma]] * [[Morongo, California|Morongo]] * [[Mountain Center, California|Mountain Center]] * [[Mountain Pass, California|Mountain Pass]] * [[Mount Baldy, California|Mount Baldy]] * [[Murrieta Hot Springs, California|Murrieta Hot Springs]] * [[Muscoy, California|Muscoy]] |width="33%"| * [[Newberry Springs, California|Newberry Springs]] * [[North Palm Springs, California|North Palm Springs]] * [[North Shore, California|North Shore]] * [[Nipton, California|Nipton]] * [[Nuevo, California|Nuevo]] * [[Oak Glen, California|Oak Glen]] * [[Oak Hills, California|Oak Hills]] * [[Oak Valley, California|Oak Valley]] * [[Orangecrest, California|Orangecrest]] * [[Oro Grande, California|Oro Grande]] * [[Pedley, California|Pedley]] * [[Phelan, California|Phelan]] * [[Pigeon Pass, California|Pigeon Pass]] * [[Pine Cove, California|Pine Cove]] * [[Pine Meadow, California|Pine Meadow]] * [[Pinon Hills, California|Pinon Hills]] * [[Pioneertown, California|Pioneertown]] * [[Poppet Flats, California|Poppet Flats]] * [[Quail Valley, California|Quail Valley]] * [[Randsburg, California|Randsburg]] * [[Reche Canyon, California|Reche Canyon]] * [[Red Mountain, California|Red Mountain]] * [[Rimforest, California|Rimforest]] * [[Ripley, California|Ripley]] * [[Romoland, California|Romoland]] * [[Rubidoux, California|Rubidoux]] * [[Salton City, California|Salton City]] * [[San Antonio Heights, California|San Antonio Heights]] * [[Sedco Hills, California|Sedco Hills]] * [[Seven Oaks, California|Seven Oaks]] * [[Silverwood Lake, California|Silverwood Lake]] * [[Skyforest, California|Skyforest]] * [[Sky Valley, California|Sky Valley]] * [[Snow Valley, California|Snow Valley]] * [[Sugarloaf, California|Sugarloaf]] * [[Sun City, California|Sun City]] * [[Sunnymead, California|Sunnymead]] * [[Sunnyslope, California|Sunnyslope]] * [[Temescal Valley, California|Temescal Valley]] * [[Thermal, California|Thermal]] * [[Thousand Palms, California|Thousand Palms]] * [[Trona, California|Trona]] * [[Twin Peaks, California|Twin Peaks]] * [[Twin Pines, California|Twine Pines]] * [[Valle Vista, California|Valle Vista]] * [[Valley of Enchantment, California|Valley of Enchantment]] * [[Whitewater, California|Whitewater]] * [[Wildomar, California|Wildomar]] * [[Winchester, California|Winchester]] * [[Wonder Valley, California|Wonder Valley]] * [[Woodcrest, California|Woodcrest]] * [[Wrightwood, California|Wrightwood]] * [[Yermo, California|Yermo]] |} ==Freeways== <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> *[[Image:California 2.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 2|State Route 2]]) *[[Image:I-10 (CA).svg|25px]] [[San Bernardino Freeway]] ([[Interstate 10 (California)|Interstate 10]]) *[[Image:I-15.svg|25px]] [[Mojave Freeway]]/[[Barstow Freeway]]/[[Ontario Freeway]]/[[Corona Freeway]]/[[Temecula Valley Freeway]]/[[Escondido Freeway]] ([[Interstate 15 (California)|Interstate 15]]) *[[Image:California 18.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 18|State Route 18]]) *[[Image:California 30.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 30|State Route 30]]) *[[Image:California 38.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 38|State Route 38]]) *[[Image:I-40 (CA).svg|25px]] [[Needles Freeway]] ([[Interstate 40 (California)|Interstate 40]]) *[[Image:California 58.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 58|State Route 58]]) *[[Image:California 60.svg|25px]] [[Pomona Freeway]]/[[Moreno Valley Freeway]] ([[California State Route 60|State Route 60]]) *[[Image:California 62.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 62|State Route 62]]) *[[Image:California 66.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 66|State Route 66]]) *[[Image:California 71.svg|25px]] [[California State Route 71|Corona Expressway/Chino Valley Freeway]] ([[California State Route 71|State Route 71]]) *[[Image:California 74.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 74|State Route 74]]) *[[Image:California 79.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 79|State Route 79]]) *[[Image:California 78.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 78|State Route 78]]) *[[Image:California 83.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 83|State Route 83]]) *[[Image:California 86.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 86|State Route 86]]) *[[Image:California 86S.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 86S|State Route 86S]]) *[[Image:California 91.svg|25px]] [[Riverside Freeway]] ([[California State Route 91|State Route 91]]) *[[Image:US 95 (CA).svg|25px]] ([[U.S. Route 95 (California)|U.S. Route 95]]) *[[Image:California 111.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 111|State Route 111]]) *[[Image:California 127.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 127|State Route 127]]) *[[Image:California 138.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 138|State Route 138]]) *[[Image:California 142.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 142|State Route 142]]) *[[Image:California 173.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 173|State Route 173]]) *[[Image:California 177.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 177|State Route 177]]) *[[Image:California 178.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 178|State Route 178]]) *[[Image:California 189.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 189|State Route 189]]) *[[Image:California 195.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 195|State Route 195]]) *[[Image:California 210.svg|25px]] [[Foothill Freeway]] ([[California State Route 210|State Route 210]]) *[[Image:I-215.svg|25px]] [[Barstow Freeway]]/[[San Bernardino Freeway]]/[[Moreno Valley Freeway]]/[[Escondido Freeway]] ([[Interstate 215 (California)|Interstate 215]]) *[[Image:California 243.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 243|State Route 243]]) *[[Image:California 247.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 247|State Route 247]]) *[[Image:California 259.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 259|State Route 259]]) *[[Image:California 330.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 330|State Route 330]]) *[[Image:California 371.svg|25px]] ([[California State Route 371|State Route 371]]) *[[Image:US 395 (CA).svg|25px]] ([[U.S. Route 395 (California)|U.S. Route 395]]) *[[Image:Riverside County Route R2 CA.svg|25px]] ([[County Route R2 (Riverside County, CA)|County Route R2]]) *[[Image:Riverside County Route R3 CA.svg|25px]] ([[County Route R3 (Riverside County, CA)|County Route R3]]) </div> ==References== <!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref> and </ref> tags and the tag below --> {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{portal|California|WPCF.svg}} *[http://www.InlandEmpire.US/ InlandEmpire.US - Inland Empire California News & Information] *[http://www.inlandempiremagazine.com/ Inland Empire Magazine] *[http://www.ieep.com/ Southern California's Inland Empire Economic Partnership] *[http://www.cwcinlandempire.com/ California Welcome Center, San Bernardino] *[http://www.orange-empire.com/ The Orange Empire of Southern California] *[http://www.inlandlib.org/ Inland Library System] {{IE Mass Transit}} {{USLargestMetros}} {{Cities of San Bernardino County, California}} {{Cities of Riverside County, California}} {{California}} {{Colleges and universities in the Inland Empire}} [[Category:Inland Empire (California)| ]] [[Category:Regions of California]] [[Category:San Bernardino County, California]] [[Category:Riverside County, California]] [[Category:Southern California]] [[Category:Metropolitan areas of California]] [[fr:Inland Empire]] [[it:Inland Empire (California)]]