Interleukin
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2008-06-27T08:44:34Z
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robot Modifying: [[cs:Interleukiny]]
'''Interleukins''' are a group of [[cytokine]]s (secreted [[signaling molecules]]) that were first seen to be expressed by [[white blood cell]]s ([[leukocyte]]s, hence the ''-leukin'') as a means of communication (''inter-''). The name is something of a relic though (the term was coined by Dr. Paetkau, University of Victoria); it has since been found that interleukins are produced by a wide variety of bodily cells. The function of the [[immune system]] depends in a large part on ''interleukins'', and [[rare disease|rare]] deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring [[autoimmune disease]]s or [[immune deficiency]].
==List==
A list of ''interleukins'':
{| class="wikitable"
| '''Name''' || '''Source''' <ref name=Immunology68Unless> Unless else specified in boxes, then ref is: Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Immunology. Paperback: 384 pages. Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; (July 1, 2007). Language: English. ISBN-10: 0781795435. ISBN-13: 978-0781795432. Page 68 </ref> || '''Target receptors'''<ref name=Immunology68Unless/><ref name="title">{{cite web | url = http://www.ebioscience.com/ebioscience/whatsnew/pdf/Cytokines.pdf | title = Cytokines - Master Regulators of the Immune System | accessdate = 2008-02-28 | author = Noosheen Alaverdi & David Sehy | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = 2007-05-01 | format = | work = | publisher = eBioscience | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = }}</ref> || '''Target cells'''<ref name=Immunology68Unless/> || '''Function'''<ref name=Immunology68Unless/>
|-
|rowspan=4| [[Interleukin 1|IL-1]] ||rowspan=4| [[macrophage]]s, [[B cells]], [[monocytes]] <ref name=arizona> http://microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/MIC419/Tutorials/cytokines.html Cytokine tutorial] The University of Arizona</ref>, [[dendritic cells]] <ref name=arizona/> ||rowspan=4| [[Interleukin 1 receptor, type I|CD121a/IL1R1]], [[Interleukin 1 receptor, type II|CD121b/IL1R2]] || [[T helper cells]] || co-stimulation <ref name=arizona/>
|-
| [[B cells]]|| maturation & proliferation <ref name=arizona/>
|-
| [[Nk cells]] || activation<ref name=arizona/>
|-
| [[macrophage]]s, [[endothelium]], other || [[inflammation]]<ref name=arizona/>, small amounts induce [[acute phase protein|acute phase reaction]], large amounts induce [[fever]]
|-
| [[Interleukin 2|IL-2]] || [[T helper cell|TH1-cells]] || [[IL2RA|CD25/IL2RA]], [[IL2RB|CD122/IL2RB]], [[IL2RG|CD132/IL2RG]] || activated<ref name=arizona/> [[T cells]] and [[B cells]], [[NK cells]], [[macrophage]]s, [[oligodendrocytes]] || stimulates growth and differentiation of T cell response. Can be used in [[immunotherapy]] to treat cancer or suppressed for transplant patients.
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Interleukin 3|IL-3]] ||rowspan=2| activated [[T helper cell]]s<ref name=arizona/>, [[mast cells]], [[NK cells]], [[endothelium]], [[eosinophils]] ||rowspan=2| [[IL3RA|CD123/IL3RA]], [[CSF2RB|CD131/IL3RB]] || [[hematopoietic stem cell]]s || growth and differentiation <ref name=arizona/> to e.g. [[erythrocytes]], [[granulocytes]]
|-
| mast cells || growth and [[histamine]] release<ref name=arizona/>
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Interleukin 4|IL-4]] ||rowspan=3| [[TH2-cells]], just activated naive [[CD4+ cell]], [[memory CD4+ cells]], [[mast cells]], [[macrophages]] ||rowspan=3| [[Interleukin-4 receptor|CD124/IL4R]], [[IL2RG|CD132/IL2RG]] || activated [[B cells]] || proliferation and differentiation, [[IgG1]] and [[immunoglobulin E|IgE]] synthesis<ref name=arizona/>. Important role in [[allergic]] response ([[IgE]])
|-
| [[T cells]] || proliferation<ref name=arizona/>
|-
| [[endothelium]] ||
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Interleukin 5|IL-5]] ||rowspan=2| [[TH2-cells]], [[mast cells]], [[eosinophils]] ||rowspan=2| [[Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit|CD125/IL5RA]], [[CSF2RB|CD131/IL3RB]] || [[eosinophils]] || production
|-
| [[B cells]] || differentiation, [[IgA]] production
|-
|rowspan=4| [[Interleukin 6|IL-6]] ||rowspan=4| [[macrophage]]s, [[TH2-cells]], [[B cells]], [[astrocytes]], [[endothelium]] ||rowspan=4| [[Interleukin-6 receptor|CD126/IL6RA]], [[Glycoprotein 130|CD130/IR6RB]] || activated [[B cells]] || differentiation into [[plasma cells]]
|-
| plasma cells || [[antibody]] secretion
|-
| [[hematopoietic stem cell]]s || differentiation
|-
| [[T cells]], others || induces [[acute phase protein|acute phase reaction]], [[hematopoiesis]], [[differentiation]], [[inflammation]]
|-
| [[Interleukin 7|IL-7]] || [[bone marrow stromal cells]] and [[thymus stromal cell]]s || [[Interleukin-7 receptor|CD127/IL7RA]], [[Common gamma chain|CD132/IL2RG]] || [[pre-B cell|pre]]/[[pro-B cell]], [[pre-T cell|pre]]/[[pro-T cell]], NK cells || involved in B, T, and NK cell survival, development, and homeostasis, ↑[[proinflammatory]] cytokines
|-
| [[Interleukin 8|IL-8]] || macrophages, [[lymphocytes]], [[epithelial cell]]s, endothelial cells || [[Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha|CXCR1/IL8RA]], [[Interleukin 8 receptor, beta|CXCR2/IL8RB]]/CD128 || [[neutrophils]], [[basophils]], lymphocytes || Neutrophil [[chemotaxis]]
|-
| [[Interleukin 9|IL-9]] || [[Th2-cells]], specifically by CD4+ helper cells || [[Interleukin-9 receptor|CD129/IL9R]] || [[T cells]], [[B cells]] ||Potentiates [[immunoglobulin M|IgM]], [[immunoglobulin G|IgG]], [[immunoglobulin E|IgE]], stimulates [[mast cell]]s
|-
|rowspan=5| [[Interleukin 10|IL-10]] ||rowspan=5| [[monocyte]]s, [[TH2-cells]], [[CD8+ T cells]], [[mast cells]], [[macrophages]], [[B cell]] subset ||rowspan=5| [[Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit|CD210/IL10RA]], [[Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit|CDW210B/IL10RB]] || [[macrophages]] || cytokine production<ref name=arizona/>
|-
| B cells || activation <ref name=arizona/>
|-
| [[mast cells]] ||
|-
| [[Th1 cells]] || inhibits [[T helper cell|Th1]] cytokine production ([[IFN-γ]], [[TNF-β]], [[interleukin 2|IL-2]])
|-
| [[Th2 cells]] || Stimulation
|-
| [[Interleukin 11|IL-11]] || [[bone marrow stroma]] || [[Interleukin 11 receptor alpha subunit|IL11RA]] || [[bone marrow stroma]] || [[acute phase protein]] production, [[osteoclast]] formation
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Interleukin 12|IL-12]] ||rowspan=2| [[dendritic cells]], [[B cells]], [[T cells]], [[macrophages]] ||rowspan=2| [[Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit|CD212/IL12RB1]], [[Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2 subunit|IR12RB2]] || activated <ref name=arizona/> [[T cells]], || differentiation into [[Cytotoxic T cell]]s with IL-2<ref name=arizona/>, ↑ [[IFN-γ]], [[TNF-α]], ↓ IL-10
|-
| [[NK cells]] || ↑ [[IFN-γ]], [[TNF-α]]
|-
| [[Interleukin 13|IL-13]] || activated [[TH2-cells]], mast cells, NK cells || [[Interleukin-13 receptor|IL13R]] || TH2-cells, B cells, macrophages || Stimulates growth and differentiation of [[B-Cells]] ([[IgE]]), inhibits [[T helper cell|TH1-cells]] and the production of [[macrophage inflammatory cytokines]] (e.g. IL-1, IL-6), ↓ IL-8, IL-10, IL-12
|-
| [[Interleukin 14|IL-14]] || T cells and certain malignant B cells || || activated B cells || controls the growth and proliferation of [[B cells]], inhibits Ig secretion
|-
| [[Interleukin 15|IL-15]] || mononuclear phagocytes (and some other cells), especially macrophages following infection by virus(es) || [[Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit|IL15RA]] || T cells, activated B cells || Induces production of [[Natural Killer Cells]]
|-
| [[Interleukin 16|IL-16]] || lymphocytes, epithelial cells, eosinophils, CD8+ T cells || [[CD4]] || CD4+ T cells || [[CD4]]+ chemoattractant
|-
| [[Interleukin 17|IL-17]] || subsets of T cells || [[IL17RA|CDw217/IL17RA]], [[IL17RB]] || epithelium, endothelium, other || [[osteoclastogenesis]], [[angiogenesis]], ↑ inflammatory [[cytokines]]
|-
| [[Interleukin 18|IL-18]] || macrophages || [[Interleukin-18 receptor|CDw218a/IL18R1]] || Th1 cells, NK cells || Induces production of [[Interferon-gamma|IFNγ]], ↑ NK cell activity
|-
| [[Interleukin 19|IL-19]] || - || [[Interleukin-20 receptor|IL20R]] || || -
|-
| [[Interleukin 20|IL-20]] || - || [[Interleukin-20 receptor|IL20R]] || || regulates proliferation and differentiation of [[keratinocyte]]s
|-
| [[Interleukin 21|IL-21]] || - || [[Interleukin-21 receptor|IL21R]] || ||
|-
| [[Interleukin 22|IL-22]] || - || [[Interleukin-22 receptor|IL22R]] || || Activates [[STAT1]] and [[STAT3]] and increases production of [[acute phase protein]]s such as [[serum amyloid A]], [[Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin]] and [[haptoglobin]] in [[hepatoma]] cell lines
|-
| [[Interleukin 23|IL-23]] || - || [[Interleukin-23 receptor|IL23R]] || || Increases [[angiogenesis]] but reduces [[CD8]] T-cell infiltration
|-
| [[Interleukin 24|IL-24]] || - || [[Interleukin-20 receptor|IL20R]] || || Plays important roles in [[tumor suppression]], wound healing and [[psoriasis]] by influencing cell survival.
|-
| [[Interleukin 25|IL-25]] || - || [[LY6E]] || || Induces the production [[IL-4]], [[IL-5]] and [[IL-13]], which stimulate [[eosinophil]] expansion
|-
| [[Interleukin 26|IL-26]] || - || [[Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit|IL20R1]] || || Enhances secretion of [[IL-10]] and [[IL-8]] and cell surface expression of [[CD54]] on [[epithelial cell]]s
|-
| [[Interleukin 27|IL-27]] || - || [[Interleukin 27 receptor, alpha subunit|IL27RA]] || || Regulates the activity of [[B lymphocyte]] and [[T lymphocyte]]s
|-
| [[Interleukin 28|IL-28]] || - || [[Interleukin-28 receptor|IL28R]] || || Plays a role in immune defense against [[virus]]es
|-
| [[Interleukin 29|IL-29]] || - || || || Plays a role in host defenses against [[microbe]]s
|-
| [[Interleukin 30|IL-30]] || - || || || Forms one chain of [[IL-27]]
|-
| [[Interleukin 31|IL-31]] || - || [[IL31RA]] || || May play a role in [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]]
|-
| [[Interleukin 32|IL-32]] || - || || || Induces monocytes and macrophages to secrete [[TNF-α]], [[IL-8]] and [[CXCL2]]
|-
| [[Interleukin 33|IL-33]] || - || || || Induces [[helper T cell]]s to produce [[type 2 cytokine]]
|-
| [[Interleukin 35|IL-35]] || [[regulatory T cells]] || || || Suppression of T helper cell activation
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/genefamily/il.php HGNC Gene Family Nomenclature: Interleukin and Interleukin Receptor Gene Symbols]
*[http://www.exactantigen.com/review/Interleukin.html Interleukin Antibody Review]
{{Cytokines}}
{{interleukins}}
[[Category:Immune system]]
[[Category:Cytokines]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[ca:Interleucina]]
[[cs:Interleukiny]]
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[[it:Interleuchine]]
[[he:אינטרלויקין]]
[[ja:インターロイキン]]
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[[ru:Интерлейкин]]
[[sl:Interlevkin]]
[[sr:Интерлеукини]]
[[tr:İnterlökin]]
[[zh:白细胞介素]]