International Joint Commission 516934 225184289 2008-07-12T09:49:04Z R.steenhard 7464138 /* External links */ The '''International Joint Commission''' is an independent [[U.S.-Canada relations|binational]] organization established by the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] under the [[International Boundary Waters Treaty]] of 1909. The Commission now has under its aegis the following treaties and agreements: *[[International Boundary Waters Treaty|Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909]] *[[Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement]] of 1978, amended 1987 *Air Quality Agreement (1991) The Commission is implemented in Canada by the Boundary Waters Treaty Act of the Canadian Parliament. Canada funds the IJC with about $4 million annually.<ref name=VS10Aug07>Larry Pynn, [http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=ccd57d5e-df19-4981-b7c8-b3eec0bab31d&k=71301 "Water woes, water wars?"], ''Vancouver Sun'', August 10, 2007</ref> ==Purpose and aims== The purpose of the Commission is to help prevent and resolve disputes about the use and quality of [[International waters|boundary waters]] and to advise Canada and the United States on questions about [[water resources]]. The Commission holds public meetings every two years to discuss progress in cleaning up the [[Great Lakes (North America)|Great Lakes]] and issues related to boundary rivers and trans-national rivers. It also sponsors conferences, meetings and round table discussions where members of the public and representatives of community groups and other organizations can take part. The Commission investigates issues only when requested to do so by both nations. Its recommendations are not binding.<ref name=VS10Aug07/> ==Jurisdictions covered== The Commission has jurisdiction over the Great Lakes&ndash;[[Saint Lawrence River]] waters and other waters along the border. In the west, the Commission has established conditions for dams on the [[Kootenay River|Kootenay]], [[Osoyoos, British Columbia|Osoyoos]], and [[Columbia River|Columbia]] rivers, which cross through the states of [[Washington]], [[Idaho]] and [[Montana]], and the province of [[British Columbia]]. The Commission has also assisted in drafting rules for sharing the [[St. Mary River|St. Mary]] and [[Milk River (Montana-Alberta)|Milk]] rivers in [[Alberta]], [[Saskatchewan]] and Montana. The Commission has been involved in how the [[Souris River]] and [[Red River of the North|Red River]] systems are shared among Saskatchewan, [[Manitoba]] and [[North Dakota]]. It also sets emergency water levels for the [[Rainy Lake]] system, including the [[Lake of the Woods]], which crosses through [[Minnesota]], Manitoba and [[Northwestern Ontario]]. Protection of [[Rainy River (Minnesota-Ontario)|Rainy River]] water quality is also on its agenda. In the east, the Commission regulates dams and protects the water quality on the [[St. Croix River (Maine-New Brunswick)|St. Croix River]], which flows through [[New Brunswick]] and [[Maine]]. ==Organization and boards== The Commission is headed by six commissioners, three from each country. Canadian commissioners earn up to Canadian $169,800 a year, the chair up to $209,200. In mid-2007, the three Canadian commissioners were [[Herb Gray]], [[Robert Gourd]], and (part-time) Jack Blaney; on the U.S. side were commissioners Irene Brooks and [[Allen Olson]] (the third commissioner, Dennis Schornack, was dismissed in July).<ref name=VS10Aug07/> The Commission has two offices, in [[Ottawa]], [[Washington, D.C.]], and [[Windsor, Ontario]]. The Windsor Great Lakes Regional Office (GLRO) was created under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA). It is staffed by a binational team of U.S. and Canadian scientists and support staff. Separate boards are responsible for particular boundary waters issues. When there are special issues, a Task Force is assigned to make a report or recommendations. The various standing bodies are: *Council of Great Lakes Research Managers *Great Lakes Science Advisory Board *Great Lakes Water Quality Board *International Air Quality Advisory Board *International Columbia River Board of Control *International Kootenay Lake Board of Control *International Lake Superior Board of Control *International Lake of the Woods Control Board *International Niagara Board of Control *International Osoyoos Lake Board of Control *International Rainy Lake Board of Control *International Rainy River Water Pollution Board *International Red River Board *International Souris River Board *International St. Croix River Board *International St. Lawrence River Board of Control == References == <references /> ==See also== *[[International Boundary and Water Commission]] (US and Mexico) ==External links== *[http://www.ijc.org/ International Joint Commission] *[http://www.islrbc.org/ International Saint Lawrence River Board of Control] *[http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law] Peace Palace Library [[Category:Canadian-American relations]] [[Category:Environmental organizations]]