Interphase 222320 225542570 2008-07-14T06:13:14Z زرشک 7201074 fa: [[Image:Interphase.png|thumb|right|159px|An illustration of interphase in [[Gray's Anatomy]]. The [[chromatin]] has not yet condensed and the cell is undergoing its normal functions.]] [[Image:Interphase_and_part_of_Telophase_of_HT1080.PNG|thumb|right|159px|An image of the nucleus of a cell ([[HT1080]]) currently in interphase (probably G1). Note: [[Cytoplasm]] is not visible of this cell or the neighbouring cell (top left) which is currently in the [[telophase]] of [[mitosis]]. Image taken using an optical microscope and DAPI staining of DNA.]] '''Interphase''' is the phase of the [[cell cycle]] in which the cell spends the majority of its time and performs the majority of its purposes including preparation for [[cell division]]. Interphase is considered to be the 'living' phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients, grows, copies its DNA, and conducts other "normal" cell functions. The majority of [[eukaryotic cells]] spend most of their time in interphase. Interphase does not describe a cell that is merely resting but is rather an active preparation for cell division. A common misconception is that interphase is the first stage of mitosis, however, [[prophase]] is actually the first stage.<ref>[http://www.biology.arizona.edu/Cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html The Cell Cycle & Mitosis Tutorial] The Biology Project - Cell Biology. University of Arizona.</ref> In interphase, the cell gets itself ready for [[Mitosis]] or [[Meiosis]]. [[Somatic cell]]s, or normal [[diploid]] cells of the body, go through mitosis in order to reproduce themselves through cell division. Whereas diploid [[germ cell]]s (i.e. primary [[spermatocyte]]s and primary [[oocyte]]s) go through meiosis in order to create haploid [[gametes]] (i.e. [[sperm]] and [[ovum|ova]]) for the purpose of sexual reproduction. Under a [[microscope]] interphase can be visually recognized because the [[nuclear membrane]] is still intact, the [[chromatin]] has not yet condensed and [[chromosome]]s are not visible, though the [[nucleolus]] may be visible as an enlarged dark spot. The [[centriole]]s and [[spindle fiber]]s are also not yet visible, though the [[centrosome]] which contains and organizes them may be visible near the nucleus. == Stages of Interphase == There are three stages of interphase, each phase ends when a [[Cell cycle checkpoint|cellular checkpoint]] checks the accuracy of the stage's completion before proceeding to the next. The stages of interphase are: * [[G1_phase | G<sub>1</sub>]] (Gap 1), in which the cell grows and functions normally. During this time, a lot of protein synthesis occurs and the cell grows - more organelles are produced and increasing the volume of the cytoplasm. If the cell is not to divide again, it will remain in this phase. * [[S phase | Synthesis]] (S), in which the cell duplicates its DNA (via semi-conservative replication). * [[G2_phase | G<sub>2</sub>]] (Gap 2), in which the cell resumes its growth in preparation for mitosis. The duration of time spent in interphase and in each stage of interphase is variable and depends on both the type of cell and the species of organism it belongs to. Some human cells divide every 24 hours; in this case interphase takes about 22 hours.{{fact|date=April 2008}} ==Interphase and the cell cycle== When G<sub>2</sub> is completed the cell enters a relatively brief period of nuclear and cellular division, called mitosis and [[cytokinesis]] respectively. After the successful completion of mitosis and cytokinesis both resulting daughter cells then re-enter G<sub>1</sub> of interphase. Certain types of cells enter and extended growth phase where the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide. This non-division phase is known as [[G0 phase|G<sub>0</sub> phase]] and occurs outside of the cell cycle. ==References== <references/> {{Cell cycle}} [[Category:Mitosis]] [[Category:Cell biology]] [[cs:Interfáze]] [[de:Interphase]] [[fa:انترفاز]] [[fr:Interphase]] [[it:Interfase]] [[lt:Interfazė]] [[pl:Interfaza]] [[pt:Intérfase]] [[sr:Интерфаза]] [[sv:Interfas]] [[tr:İnterfaz]] [[uk:Інтерфаза]] [[zh:間期]]