Iowa
14589
226007301
2008-07-16T12:26:44Z
70.238.139.17
/* Interstate highways */
{{Otheruses1|the U.S. state}}
{{US state |
Name = Iowa |
Fullname = State of Iowa |
Flag = Flag of Iowa.svg |
Flaglink = [[Flag of Iowa]] |
Seal = SEAL IOWA.png |
Map = Map of USA IA.svg |
Nickname = The Hawkeye State, The Tall Corn State |
Demonym = Iowan |
Motto = Our liberties we prize and<br />our rights we will maintain |
Capital = [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] |
OfficialLang = [[English language|English]] |
LargestCity = [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] |
LargestMetro = [[Des Moines metropolitan area]] |
Governor = [[Chet Culver]] (D)|
Lieutenant Governor = [[Patty Judge]] (D) |
Senators = [[Chuck Grassley]] (R)<br />[[Tom Harkin]] (D) |
PostalAbbreviation = IA |
AreaRank = 26<sup>th</sup> |
TotalAreaUS = 56,272|
TotalArea = 145,743|
LandArea = 144 700.8 |
Number of counties 99 |
WaterAreaUS = 402|
WaterArea = 1,042 |
PCWater = 0.71 |
PopRank = 30<sup>th</sup> |
2000Pop = 2,926,324 |
DensityRank = 33<sup>rd</sup> |
2000DensityUS = 52.4 |
2000Density = 20.22 |
MedianHouseholdIncome = $48,075 |
IncomeRank = 24<sup>th</sup> |
AdmittanceOrder = 29<sup>th</sup> |
AdmittanceDate = [[December 28]], [[1846]] |
TimeZone = [[Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|DST]]-5 |
Latitude = 40° 23′ N to 43° 30′ N |
Longitude = 90° 8′ W to 96° 38′ W |
LengthUS = 199 |
Length = 320 |
WidthUS = 310 |
Width = 500 |
HighestPoint = [[Hawkeye Point]]<ref name=usgs>{{cite web| date =[[29 April]] [[2005]] | url =http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest| title =Elevations and Distances in the United States| publisher =U.S Geological Survey| accessmonthday = November 6 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref> |
HighestElevUS = 1,670 |
HighestElev = 509 |
MeanElevUS = 1,099|
MeanElev = 335 |
LowestPoint = [[Mississippi River]]<ref name=usgs/> at Keokuk|
LowestElevUS = 480|
LowestElev = 146 |
ISOCode = US-IA |
Website = www.iowa.gov
}}
The '''State of Iowa''' ({{IPAEng|ˈaɪəwə}}) is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Midwestern]] region of the [[United States of America]]. It is the 29th [[U.S. state|state]] of the [[United States]], having joined the Union on [[December 28]], [[1846]]. The state is named for the [[Iowa tribe|Ioway]] people, a [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] tribe of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] that formerly lived there. It is officially known as the "Hawkeye State" and unofficially known as the "Tall Corn State".
==Geography==
[[Image:National-atlas-iowa.png|thumb|300px|right|Iowa, showing major cities and roads]]
The [[Mississippi River]] separates Iowa from [[Illinois]] and [[Wisconsin]] to form the eastern boundary of the state. The [[Missouri River]] on the west edge of the state forms the boundary for [[Nebraska]] (with the exception of [[Carter Lake, Iowa|Carter Lake)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carterlakepreservation.org/|title=Carter Lake Preservation Society<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> The Big Sioux River in the northwest corner of the state forms the North/South boundary with [[South Dakota]]. To the north lies [[Minnesota]] and to the south lies [[Missouri]]. There are several natural [[lake]]s in the state, most notably [[Spirit Lake (Iowa)|Spirit Lake]], [[West Okoboji Lake]], and [[East Okoboji Lake]] in northwest Iowa (''see [[Iowa Great Lakes]]''). Man-made lakes include Lake Odessa,[http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/fishing/lakes/ode58.html] [[Saylorville Lake]], [[Lake Red Rock (Des Moines River)|Lake Red Rock]], Coralville Lake, Lake MacBride and Rathbun Lake.
Iowa's natural vegetation is the [[Tallgrass prairie]] and [[Savanna]] while the topography of the state is gently rolling [[plains]]. [[Loess]] hills lie along the western border of the state, some of which are several hundred feet thick.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/info/loess/ | title= Geology of the Loess Hills, Iowa | year= 1999 | month= July | accessdate= 2008-03-26 | publisher= [[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> In the northeast, along the Mississippi River, is a section of the [[Driftless Zone]], which in Iowa consists of low rugged hills covered with conifers—a landscape not usually associated with this state.
The point of lowest elevation is [[Keokuk, Iowa|Keokuk]] in southeastern Iowa, at 480 feet (146 m). The point of highest elevation, at 1,670 feet (509 m), is [[Hawkeye Point]], located in a feedlot north of [[Sibley, Iowa|Sibley]] in northwest Iowa. The mean elevation of the state is 1,099 feet (335 m). Considering the size of the state at 56,271 square miles (145,743 km²), there is very little elevation difference.
Iowa has 99 [[county|counties]]. The state capital, [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]], is located in [[Polk County, Iowa|Polk County]] ([[:Image:Iowa counties with numbers.jpg|#60]]).
Iowa has the highest average [[radon]] concentrations in the nation due to significant glaciation that ground the granitic rocks from the Canadian Shield and deposited it as soils making up the rich Iowa farmland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cheec.uiowa.edu/misc/radon.html|title=The Iowa Radon Lung Cancer Study<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> Many cities within the state, such as [[Iowa City]] have passed requirements for radon resistant construction in all new homes.
{{seealso|Iowa geology}}
===Climate===
Iowa, like most of the Midwest, has a [[humid continental climate]] throughout the state ([[Koppen climate classification]] ''Dfa'') with extremes of both heat and cold. The average annual temperature at [[Des Moines]] is 50 °F (10 °C); for some locations in the north the figure is under 45 °F (8 °C), while [[Keokuk]], on the [[Mississippi River]], averages 52 °F (12 °C). Winters are brisk and snowfall is common. Spring ushers in the beginning of the [[severe weather]] season. Iowa averages about 50 days of [[thunderstorm]] activity per year.<ref name="Thunderstorm Hazard"> [http://www.srh.noaa.gov/key/HTML/tstmhazards.htm US Thunderstorm distribution]. src.noaa.gov. Last accessed February 13, 2008.</ref> [[Tornado]]es are common during the spring and summer months, with an average of 37 tornadoes in a single year.<ref name="Annual Average Number of Tornadoes">[http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/img/climate/research/tornado/small/avgt5304.gif Mean Annual Average Number of Tornadoes 1953-2004]. ncdc.noaa.gov. Last accessed November 1, 2006.</ref> The Iowa summers are known for heat and humidity, with daytime temperatures often near 90 °F (32 °C) and sometimes exceeding 100 °F (38 °C).
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;background:#E8EAFA;"|Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various Iowa Cities
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color: #000000" height="17" | City
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | January
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Feb
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Mar
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Apr
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | May
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jun
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jul
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Aug
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Sep
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Oct
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Nov
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Dec
|-
! style="background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Davenport
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 30/12
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 36/18
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 48/29
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 61/39
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 73/50
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 82/60
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 86/65
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 84/62
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 77/53
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 64/42
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 48/30
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 35/18
|-
! style="background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Des Moines
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 29/12
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 35/18
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 48/29
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 61/40
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 72/51
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 82/61
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 86/66
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 84/64
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 76/54
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 64/42
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 47/29
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 33/17
|-
! style="background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Dubuque
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 25/9
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 31/15
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 43/26
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 57/38
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 69/49
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 79/58
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 82/62
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 80/60
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 72/52
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 60/40
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 44/28
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 30/15
|-
! style="background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Sioux City
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 29/8
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 35/15
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 47/26
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 62/37
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 73/49
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 82/58
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 86/63
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 84/61
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 76/50
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 64/38
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 45/25
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 32/13
|-
! style="background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Waterloo
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 26/6
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 32/13
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 45/25
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 60/36
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 72/48
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 82/58
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 85/62
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 83/60
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 75/50
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 62/38
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 45/25
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 31/12
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;"|''[http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-iowa/]''
|}
== History ==
{{main|History of Iowa}}
The first Europeans to explore Iowa were French citizens following the [[Sac (tribe)|Sac]] and [[Fox (tribe)|Fox]] tribes, presently known jointly as the Meskwaki (Mesquakie) Nation.<ref>{{cite web | title = Official Site of the Meswaki Nation | url = http://www.meskwaki.org/ | format = | accessdate = 2008-05-16}}</ref> The first American settlers officially moved to Iowa in June 1833. Primarily, they were families from Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri. On [[December 28]], [[1846]], Iowa became the 29<sup>th</sup> state in the union. Iowa supported the Union during the [[American Civil War]], voting heavily for Lincoln, though there was a strong antiwar "Copperhead" movement among settlers of southern origins and among Catholics. There were no battles in the state, but Iowa sent large supplies of food to the armies and the eastern cities. Following the Civil War, Iowa's population continued to grow dramatically, from 674,913 people in 1860 to 1,194,020 in 1870. In 1917, the United States entered World War I and farmers as well as all Iowans experienced a wartime economy. For farmers, the change was significant. Since the beginning of the war in 1914, Iowa farmers had experienced economic prosperity. In the economic sector, Iowa also has undergone considerable change. Beginning with the first farm-related industries developed in the 1870s, Iowa has experienced a gradual increase in the number of business and manufacturing operations. The period since World War II has witnessed a particular increase in manufacturing operations. While agriculture continues to be the state's dominant industry, Iowans also produce a wide variety of products including refrigerators, washing machines, fountain pens, farm implements, and food products that are shipped around the world.
{{seealso|Iowa archaeology}}
== Demographics ==
=== Population ===
[[Image:Iowa population map.png|thumb|right|300px|Iowa Population Density Map]]
{{USCensusPop
|1840 = 43112
|1850 = 192214
|1860 = 674913
|1870 = 1194020
|1880 = 1624615
|1890 = 1912297
|1900 = 2231853
|1910 = 2224771
|1920 = 2404021
|1930 = 2470939
|1940 = 2538268
|1950 = 2621073
|1960 = 2757537
|1970 = 2824376
|1980 = 2913808
|1990 = 2776755
|2000 = 2926324
|estyear= 2007
|estimate= 2988046
}}
As of 2007, Iowa has an estimated population of 2,988,046, which is an increase of 15,480, or 0.5%, from the prior year and an increase of 61,722 or 2.1%, since the year 2000.<ref name="Census_Iowa_QuickFacts">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/19000.html|title=Iowa QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> This includes a natural increase since the last census of 53,706 people (that is 197,163 births minus 143,457 deaths) and a decrease due to net migration of 11,754 people out of the state. [[Immigration to the United States|Immigration]] from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 29,386 people, while migration within the country produced a net loss of 41,140 people.
6.1% of Iowa's population were reported as under the age of five, 22.6% under 18, and 14.7% were 65 or older. Males made up approximately 49.2% of the population.<ref name="Census_Iowa_QuickFacts">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/19000.html|title=Iowa QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> The [[center of population]] of Iowa is located in [[Marshall County, Iowa|Marshall County]], in the city of [[Marshalltown, Iowa|Marshalltown]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |title=Population and Population Centers by State: 2000}}</ref>
{{US Demographics}}
=== Race and ancestry ===
Iowa's population included about 97,000 foreign-born (3.3%).<ref name="Census_Iowa_QuickFacts">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/19000.html|title=Iowa QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref>
Iowans are mostly of [[Western Europe]]an descent. The five largest ancestry groups in Iowa are: [[German American|German]] (35.7%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (13.5%), [[British American|English]] (9.5%), American (6.6%) and Norwegian (5.7%).
The racial make up of the state is 91.0% white (non-Hispanic), 3.8% Hispanic, 2.5% black, 1.6% Asian, and 0.4% American Indian. 1% of respondents report two or more races.<ref name="Census_Iowa_QuickFacts">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/19000.html|title=Iowa QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref>
===Rural flight===
Iowa, in common with other Midwestern states (especially [[Kansas]], [[Nebraska]], and [[North Dakota|North]] and [[South Dakota]]), is feeling the brunt of [[rural flight]], although Iowa has been gaining population since approximately 1990. 89% of the total number of cities in those states have fewer than 3,000 people; hundreds have fewer than 1,000. Between 1996 and 2004, almost half a million people, nearly half with college degrees, left the five states.
===Religion===
A 2001 survey from the [[City University of New York]] found that 52% of Iowans are [[Protestantism|Protestant]], while 23% are [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], and other religion made up 6%. 13% responded with non-religious, and 5% did not answer.<ref>{{cite web | title = American Religious Identification Survey 2001 | publisher = The Graduate Center of the City University of New York| url = http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_studies/aris.pdf | format = | accessdate = 2007-08-16}}</ref>
===Linguistic Regions===
[[William Labov]] and colleagues, in the monumental ''Atlas of North American English''<ref> Labov, W., S. Ash, and C. Boberg, ''Atlas of North American English.'' Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006. http://www.mouton-online.com/anae.php </ref> found that the English spoken in Iowa divides into two large linguistic regions. Natives of Northern Iowa - including [[Sioux City]], [[Fort Dodge]], and the [[Waterloo, Iowa|Waterloo]] region - tend to speak the dialect that linguists call [[North Central American English]], which is also found in [[North]] and [[South Dakota]], [[Minnesota]], [[Wisconsin]], and [[Michigan]]. Natives of Central and Southern Iowa - including such cities as [[Council Bluffs]], [[Des Moines]], and [[Iowa City]] - tend to speak the "North Midlands" dialect also found in Nebraska, central Illinois, and Northern Indiana.<ref>{{cite web | title = Atlas of North American English | publisher = The University of Pennsylvania| url = http://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/maps/MapsNC/Map1NC.html | format = | accessdate = 2008-01-05}}</ref>
==Attractions==
[[Image:Iowa.JPG|left|thumb|Iowa state welcome sign]]
The state of Iowa has many attractions. The [[Herbert Hoover National Historic Site]] and [[Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum]] are located in [[West Branch, Iowa|West Branch]]. They contain the birthplace and grave of former president [[Herbert Hoover]] along with his Presidential museum. The [[Iowa State Fair]] is located in Des Moines. [[Adventureland (Iowa)|Adventureland]] is an amusement park located in [[Altoona, Iowa|Altoona]] just northeast of [[Des Moines]]. [[Arnolds Park, Iowa|Arnolds Park]] is in the center of the Iowa Great Lakes resort region, and is home to a historic amusement park, also called Arnolds Park. The [[Effigy Mounds National Monument]] is located in [[Allamakee County, Iowa|Allamakee County]] and [[Clayton County, Iowa|Clayton Counties]]. The [[Amana Colonies]] are a group of settlements of [[Germans|German]] [[Pietists]] comprising of seven villages. Much of the movie [[Field of Dreams]] was shot in [[Dyersville, Iowa|Dyersville]]. [[Terrace Hill]] is located in [[Des Moines]] and is the official residence of the governor. [[RAGBRAI]] - the Register's Annual Great Bike Ride Across Iowa - attracts thousands of bicyclists and support personnel. It has crossed the state on various routes each year since 1973. Also, the nation's longest running soda jerk, the Wilton Candy Kitchen is located in [[Wilton, Iowa]]. Established in 1867, the Wilton Candy Kitchen is included in the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. The John Wayne Birthplace and museum is in [[Winterset, IA|Winterset]]. The Clint Eastwood movie "The Bridges of Madison County" took place and was recorded in Madison County Iowa, which is where Winterset is located. [[Maquoketa Caves State Park]] is located in [[Jackson County, Iowa]]. It stands northwest of the city of [[Maquoketa]]. The park contains more caves than any other state park in Iowa. A trail system links the caves, formations, and overlooks while providing a scenic hiking experience. Many areas on these trails have seen new construction, making the journey to the caves safer. Most of the caves may be entered by persons of average physical ability, but some are more advanced.
== Economy ==
[[Image:Iowa quarter, reverse side, 2004.jpg|thumb|right|Iowa [[State Quarters|state quarter]] with reverse image based on a painting by American artist [[Grant Wood]]]]
If the economy is measured by gross domestic product, in 2005 it was about $124 billion.<ref>Iowa State University. [http://www.recap.iastate.edu/atlas/industries/gdp-by-state-industry.php Gross domestic product by sector and state]. Regional Capacity Analysis Program. Retrieved on: [[April 26]], [[2008]].</ref>
If measured by gross state product, for 2005 it was US$113.5 billion.<ref name = Facts>{{cite web|url=http://www.statelibraryofiowa.org/datacenter/quickfacts|title=Iowa Quick Facts — State Data Center<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> Its [[per capita income]] for 2006 was US $23,340.<ref name = Facts/>
The role of agriculture in Iowa's economy can be measured in multiple ways, but its total impact, including agriculture-affiliated business, has been measured as 16.4% (in terms of value added) and 24.3% (in terms of total output). This is lower than the economic impact in Iowa of non-farm manufacturing, which accounts for 22.4% of total value added and 26.5% of total output.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ideas.repec.org/p/isu/genres/10180.html|title=Multiple Measures of the Role of Agriculture in Iowa’s Economy}}</ref>
Iowa's main agricultural outputs are [[pig|hogs]], [[maize|corn]], [[soybean]]s, [[oat]]s, [[cattle]], eggs and [[dairy]] products. Its industrial outputs are food processing, machinery, electric equipment, chemical products, publishing and primary metals. Iowa produces the nation's largest amount of [[ethanol]]. Des Moines also serves as a center for the insurance industry.
Iowa imposes taxes on net state income of individuals and estates and trusts. There are currently nine [[income tax]] brackets, ranging from 0.36% to 8.98%. The state [[sales tax]] rate is 5%, with non-prepared food having no tax.<ref name="Local option"> {{cite web | title=Iowa Department of Revenue Local Option | url=http://www.state.ia.us/tax/educate/localoption.html | accessdate=2006-06-05}}</ref> Iowa has two local option sales taxes that may be imposed by counties after an election at which the majority of voters favors the tax. They are in addition to the 5% state sales tax. The ''regular'' local option tax is imposed on the gross receipts from sales of tangible [[personal property]]. It usually remains in effect until it is repealed, but the ordinance may include a [[sunset clause]]. The ''school infrastructure'' local option tax is automatically repealed 10 years after it is imposed, unless the ballot imposes a shorter time frame.<ref name="Local option"/>
Property tax is levied on the taxable value of real property, that is, mostly land, buildings, structures, and other improvements that are constructed on or in the land, attached to the land or placed upon a foundation. Typical improvements include a building, house or mobile home, fences, and paving. The following five classes of real property are evaluated: residential, agricultural, commercial, industrial and utilities/railroad (which is assessed at the state level). Homeowners pay less than half of the property tax collected each year in Iowa. Farmers pay 21%, and businesses and industry, a total of 23%. Utility companies, including [[railroad]]s, pay 10%. Iowa has more than 2,000 taxing authorities. Most property is taxed by more than one taxing authority. The tax rate differs in each locality and is a composite of county, city or rural township, [[school district]] and special levies.
===Companies===
Iowa is the headquarters for seven of the top 1,000 companies for revenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/states/I.html|title=FORTUNE 500 2006: States<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> They include [[Principal Financial]], [[Rockwell Collins]], [[Casey's]] General Stores, and [[HNI]]. Iowa is also headquarters to other companies including [[Hy-Vee]], a major grocery store in Iowa and six other states, [[Pella (company)|Pella Corporation]], [[Vermeer Company]], [[Kum & Go]] gas stations, [[Von Maur]] (a department store), [[Pioneer Hi-Bred]], [[McLeodUSA]], and [[Fareway]] grocery stores, among others.
==Transportation==
=== Interstate highways ===
Iowa has four primary [[interstate highways]]. [[Interstate 29]] goes along the western edge of the state through [[Council Bluffs]] and [[Sioux City, Iowa|Sioux City]]. [[Interstate 35]] goes from the southern border to the northern border through the center of the state, including [[Des Moines]]. [[Interstate 80]] goes from the west end of the state to the east end through [[Council Bluffs]], [[Des Moines]], [[Iowa City]], and the [[Quad Cities]]. [[Interstate 74]] has its western terminus at the junction with [[Interstate 80]] in northeastern [[Davenport, Iowa]]. [[Interstate 380 (Iowa)|Interstate 380]] is an [[List of auxiliary Interstate Highways|auxiliary Interstate Highway]], which runs from Interstate 80 in [[Iowa City]] through [[Cedar Rapids]] ending in [[Waterloo, Iowa|Waterloo]] and is part of the [[Avenue of the Saints]] highway.
=== US highways ===
Iowa has a number of major [[U.S. Route system|United States highways]]. [[U.S. Route 18]] runs along the northern edge of the state from South Dakota to Wisconsin. [[U.S. Route 20]] runs from [[Sioux City, Iowa|Sioux City]] through [[Fort Dodge, Iowa|Fort Dodge]] and [[Waterloo, Iowa|Waterloo]] before crossing into Illinois in [[Dubuque, Iowa|Dubuque]]. [[U.S. Route 30]] runs from the Nebraska border just north of [[Council Bluffs]] through [[Cedar Rapids]] and crossing into Illinois in [[Clinton, Iowa|Clinton]], staying north of Interstate 80. [[U.S. Route 6]] winds its way along a similar path to Interstate 80, from Council Bluffs through the [[Quad Cities]] into Illinois. [[U.S. Route 34]] runs along the southern part of the state from Nebraska through [[Burlington, Iowa|Burlington]] to Illinois. [[U.S. Route 59]] runs a path similar to Interstate 29, from south to north along the western edge of the state. [[U.S. Route 61]] runs from the Southeastern edge of Iowa in [[Keokuk, Iowa|Keokuk]] through [[Burlington, Iowa|Burlington]], the [[Quad Cities]] and into Illinois in [[Dubuque, Iowa|Dubuque]]. [[U.S. Route 63]] runs south from Missouri north through [[Waterloo, Iowa|Waterloo]] and into Minnesota along the eastern central part of the state. [[U.S. Route 65]] and [[U.S. Route 69]] run from Missouri around Des Moines into Minnesota on paths similar to Interstate 35. [[U.S. Route 71]] and [[U.S. Route 75]] run a south to north path along the western edge of the state. [[U.S. Route 169]] is a south to north highway in the west central part of the state. [[U.S. Route 218]] is almost all in the state of Iowa. It runs from the southern edge in [[Keokuk, Iowa|Keokuk]] through [[Iowa City]], [[Cedar Rapids]] and [[Waterloo, Iowa|Waterloo]] on its way to Minnesota.
=== Airports with scheduled flights ===
Iowa is served by a few major airports including the [[Des Moines International Airport]], [[The Eastern Iowa Airport]], [[Quad City International Airport]] which is located in [[Moline, Illinois]], and [[Eppley Airfield]] located in [[Omaha, Nebraska]]. Smaller airports in the state include the [[Dubuque Regional Airport]], [[Fort Dodge Regional Airport]], [[Mason City Municipal Airport]], [[Sioux Gateway Airport]], [[Southeast Iowa Regional Airport]] and [[Waterloo Regional Airport]]
== Law and government ==
<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Iauds.jpg|thumb|right|Current sample Iowa [[license plate]]]] -->
[[Image:Iowa capitol.jpg|thumb|250px|Capitol in 2003 after regilding]]
:''See [[List of Governors of Iowa]], [[Iowa General Assembly]], and [[Iowa State Capitol]]''
The current Governor is [[Chet Culver]] (D)
Other statewide elected officials are:
*[[Patty Judge]] (D) - Lieutenant Governor
*[[Michael Mauro]] (D) - Secretary of State
*[[David Vaudt]] (R) - Auditor of State
*[[Michael Fitzgerald (Iowa politician)|Michael Fitzgerald]] (D) - Treasurer of State
*[[Bill Northey]] (R) - Secretary of Agriculture
*[[Thomas John Miller|Tom Miller]] (D) - Attorney General
The two U.S. Senators:
{{see|List of United States Senators from Iowa}}
*[[Tom Harkin]] (D)
*[[Chuck Grassley]] (R)
The five U.S. Congressmen:
*[[Bruce Braley]] (D) - [[Iowa's 1st congressional district|First District]]
*[[Dave Loebsack]] (D) - [[Iowa's 2nd congressional district|Second District]]
*[[Leonard Boswell]] (D) - [[Iowa's 3rd congressional district|Third District]]
*[[Tom Latham]] (R) - [[Iowa's 4th congressional district|Fourth District]]
*[[Steve King]] (R) - [[Iowa's 5th congressional district|Fifth District]]
The [[Code of Iowa]] contains the [[statutory law]]s of the State of Iowa. It is periodically updated by the Iowa Legislative Service Bureau, with a new edition published in odd-numbered years and a supplement published in even-numbered years.
Iowa is an alcohol monopoly or [[Alcoholic beverage control state]].
===Political parties===
In Iowa, the term "political party" refers to political organizations which have received two percent or more of the votes cast for president or governor in the "last preceding general election".<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/FormingPoliticalParty.pdf
|title = Forming a New Political Party in Iowa
|accessdate = 2007-07-26
|format = PDF
|publisher = Elections Division, [[Iowa Secretary of State]]
}}</ref> Iowa recognizes two political parties - the [[Republican Party of Iowa|Republican Party]] and the [[Iowa Democratic Party|Democratic Party]]. [[Third party (politics)|Third parties]], officially termed "nonparty political organizations" can appear on the ballot as well - five of these have had candidates on the ballot in Iowa since 2004 for various positions: the [[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution Party]], the [[Green Party (United States)|Iowa Green Party]], the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]], the [[Pirate Party]], and the [[Socialist Workers Party (United States)|Socialist Workers Party]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/GenOffResults.pdf
|title = Official Results Report - Statewide: 2006 General Election
|accessdate = 2007-07-26
|format = PDF
|publisher = [[Iowa Secretary of State]]
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2004/general/CanvassSummary.pdf
|title = Canvass Summary: 2004 General Election
|accessdate = 2007-07-26
|format = PDF
|publisher = [[Chet Culver|Chester J. Culver]], [[Iowa Secretary of State]]
}}</ref>
===Voter trends===
{| align="right" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 79%;"
|+ '''Presidential elections results'''
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
! Year
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[United States presidential election, 2004|2004]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''49.92%''' ''751,957
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|49.28% ''741,898
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[United States presidential election, 2000|2000]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|48.22% ''634,373
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''48.60%''' ''638,517
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[United States presidential election, 1996|1996]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|39.92% ''492,644
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''50.31%''' ''620,258
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[United States presidential election, 1992|1992]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|37.33% ''504,890
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''43.35%''' ''586,353
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[United States presidential election, 1988|1988]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|45.07% ''545,355
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''55.03%''' ''670,557
|-
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[United States presidential election, 1984|1984]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''53.32%''' ''703,088
|align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|45.97% ''605,620
|-
|}
Iowa is currently listed as a [[swing state]] in national politics. From 1968 to 1988, it voted Republican in the Presidential Election, voting for [[Richard Nixon]] in [[United States presidential election, 1968|1968]] and [[United States presidential election, 1972|1972]], [[Gerald Ford]] in [[United States presidential election, 1976|1976]], and [[Ronald Reagan]] in [[United States presidential election, 1980|1980]] and [[United States presidential election, 1984|1984]] However, in [[United States presidential election, 1988|1988]], Democratic Candidate [[Michael Dukakis]] won the state, beating Republican candidate [[George H. W. Bush]] by a surprisingly large margin in that state, and winning in several traditionally Republican counties. The state subsequently voted Democratic in succeeding elections, voting for [[Bill Clinton]] in [[United States presidential election, 1992|1992]] and [[United States presidential election, 1996|1996]], and Democrat [[Al Gore]] in [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000]], but in [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004]], [[George W. Bush]] won the state by less than 1% margin.
In the 2006 elections, the Iowa Democrats gained two seats in the Iowa delegation to the [[United States House of Representatives]], and Democrats won a majority in both houses of the [[Iowa General Assembly]].
On the [[January 4]] [[2008]] National Primaries for President of the United States, Iowa voters selected the Democratic Party nomination contender U.S. Senator Barack Obama(D) of Illinois as the winner. This win is believed to be the first crucial test for the rest of the campaign, as the Iowa caucuses, is considered a key stepping stone on the path to the White House. It helped catapult Senator Obama's quest for winning caucuses and primaries throughout the rest of the country. He won the Democratic Party Nomination.
===Presidential caucus===
{{main|Iowa caucus}}
The state gets considerable attention every four years because it holds the first presidential [[Iowa caucus|caucuses]], gatherings of voters to select delegates to the state conventions. Along with the [[New Hampshire primary]] the following week, Iowa's caucuses have become the starting points for choosing the two major-party candidates for president. The caucuses, held in January of the election year, involve people gathering in homes or public places and choosing their candidates, rather than casting secret ballots as is done in a [[Presidential primary|primary]] [[election]]. The national and international media give Iowa (and [[New Hampshire]]) much of the attention accorded the national candidate selection process, which gives Iowa voters enormous leverage. Those who enter the caucus race often expend enormous effort to reach voters in each of Iowa's 99 counties.
== Sister states ==
Iowa has seven official partner states:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iowasisterstates.org/|title=Iowa Sister States<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref>
*[[Hebei]] Province, People's Republic of China (1983)
*[[Stavropol Krai]], Russia (1989)
*[[Taiwan]] (1989)
*[[Terengganu]], Malaysia (1987)
*[[Veneto]] Region, Italy (1997)
*[[Yamanashi Prefecture]], Japan (1960)
*[[Yucatan]], Mexico (1964)
== Education ==
{{see also|List of colleges and universities in Iowa}}
Iowa takes pride in its education system. The graduation rate for high school seniors has gradually increased to 90.8% in 2006.<ref name="Report">{{cite web | title = The State Report Card For No Child Left Behind| publisher = Iowa Department of Education| url = http://www.iowa.gov/educate/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=4184&Itemid=55| date = | accessdate =2008-01-23 }}</ref> The state has the third highest graduation rate in the nation.<ref name="UHF">{{cite web | title = High School Graduation| publisher = United Health Foundation| url = http://www.unitedhealthfoundation.com/shr2005/components/hsgrad.html| date = | accessdate =2008-01-23 }}</ref> Iowa continually ranks in the top 3 for [[ACT (examination)|ACT]] and [[SAT]] scores.<ref name="Schools">{{cite web | title = Quick Facts about Iowa Schools| publisher = Iowa Department of Education| url = http://www.iowa.gov/educate/content/view/281/1003/| date = | accessdate =2008-01-23 }}</ref> Iowa has 365 school districts,<ref name=Schools/> and has the twelfth best student to teacher ratio of 13.8 students per teacher.<ref name=NEA/> Teacher's pay, however, is ranked forty-second with the average salary being $39,284.<ref name="NEA">{{cite web | title = Education Stats| publisher = National Education Association| url = http://www.nea.org/edstats/RankFull06b.htm| date = | accessdate =2008-01-23 }}</ref> Iowa has three state universities: the [[University of Iowa]], [[Iowa State University]], and the [[University of Northern Iowa]]; and many private colleges and universities and community colleges.
== Sports ==
{{see also|Sports teams to have ever been in Iowa}}
Iowa has sports teams in all major sports including Baseball, Football, Hockey, and Basketball. The state has 4 major college teams; each are [[Division I]] for all sports. For football, two are in the [[Division I#Football Bowl Subdivision|Football Bowl Subdivision]] (FBS) and the other two are in the [[Division I#Football Championship Subdivision|Football Championship Subdivision]] (FCS).
===Baseball===
Iowa has 4 class A [[Minor league baseball|minor league]] teams in the [[Midwest League]]. They are the [[Burlington Bees]], [[Cedar Rapids Kernels]], [[Clinton LumberKings]], and the [[Quad City River Bandits]]. The [[Sioux City Explorers]] are part of the [[American Association of Independent Professional Baseball]]. The [[Waterloo Bucks]] play in the [[Northwoods League]]. [[Des Moines]] is home to the [[Iowa Cubs]], a division AAA team in the [[Pacific Coast League]].
===Football===
[[Sioux City Bandits]] are an [[Indoor football]] team in the [[United Indoor Football]] League. The [[Quad City Steamwheelers]] are an [[af2]] football team whose home games are played in [[Moline, Illinois]]. The [[Iowa Barnstormers (AF2)|Iowa Barnstormers]] resumed play after a 7 season layoff in the [[af2]] football league they, play their home games at Wells Fargo Arena.
===Hockey===
The [[American Hockey League]] has two teams the [[Quad City Flames]] whose games are played in [[Moline, Illinois]], as well as the newly formed Iowa Chops, who have taken over the former Iowa Stars franchise and still play in the Wells Fargo Arena.
The [[United States Hockey League]] has five teams in Iowa the [[Cedar Rapids RoughRiders]], [[Sioux City Musketeers]], [[Waterloo Black Hawks]], [[Des Moines Buccaneers]], and the [[Omaha Lancers]] whose games are played in [[Council Bluffs]]. The [[North Iowa Outlaws]] play in the [[North American Hockey League]] in [[Mason City, Iowa|Mason City]].
===Basketball===
Iowa has two professional basketball teams. The [[Iowa Energy]], an [[NBA Development League]] team that plays in [[Des Moines]], is affiliated with the [[Chicago Bulls]] and [[Phoenix Suns]] of the [[NBA]]. The [[Quad Cities Riverhawks]] of the [[Premier Basketball League]] are based in [[Davenport, Iowa]], but play at [[Wharton Field House]] in [[Moline, Illinois]].
===Soccer===
[[Des Moines Menace]] they play their home games at Valley Stadium on the grounds of [[Valley High School (Des Moines, Iowa)|Valley High School]] in [[West Des Moines, Iowa]].
===College===
The state has 4 NCAA Division 1 college teams. The [[University of Iowa]] [[Iowa Hawkeyes|Hawkeyes]] and [[Iowa State]] [[Iowa State Cyclones|Cyclones]] are [[Division I]] FBS teams, while the [[University of Northern Iowa]] [[Northern Iowa Panthers|Panthers]] and [[Drake University]] [[Drake Bulldogs|Bulldogs]] play in Division I FCS.
==Famous Iowans==
{{main|List of people from Iowa}}
The following is an alphabetical list of famous people born in Iowa.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Occupation !! Description
|-
| [[Marc Andreessen]] || Entrepreneur and software engineer || Born in [[Cedar Falls, Iowa|Cedar Falls]] on [[9 July]] [[1971]].
|-
| [[Tom Arnold (actor)|Tom Arnold]] || Film actor || Born in [[Ottumwa, Iowa|Ottumwa]] on [[6 March]] [[1959]].
|-
| [[Leon "Bix" Beiderbecke]] || Jazz cornet player || Born in [[Davenport, Iowa|Davenport]] 1903-1931.
|-
| [[Christian Beranek]] || Writer/Producer; co-founder of Disney's Kingdom Comics; musician || Born in [[Council Bluffs, Iowa|Council Bluffs]] in 1974.
|-
| [[Norman Borlaug]]|| 1970 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate || Born in Cresco on [[March 25]] [[1914]].
|-
| [[Bill Bryson]]|| Author || Born in Des Moines as William Bryson on [[December 8]] [[1951]].
|-
| [[Buffalo Bill]] Cody || Buffalo hunter; entertainer; [[Pony Express]] rider || Born William Frederick Cody near [[Le Claire, Iowa|Le Claire]] on [[February 26]] [[1846]].
|-
| [[Jordan Carstens]] || NFL Player || Born in [[Panora, Iowa]]
|-
| [[Johnny Carson]] || Comedian || Born in [[Corning, Iowa|Corning]] on [[23 October]] [[1925]].
|-
| [[Roger Craig]] || NFL Player || Born in [[Davenport, Iowa|Davenport]] on [[July 10]], [[1960]].
|-
| [[Thomas M. Disch]] || Award-winning author|| Born in [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] on [[2 February]] [[1940]].
|-
| [[Nicholas Downs]] || Actor || Born in [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]].
|-
| [[Mamie Eisenhower]] || Wife of President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] || Born in [[Boone, Iowa|Boone]] in 1896.
|-
| [[Bob Feller]] || [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Hall of Fame]] pitcher || Born in [[Van Meter, Iowa|Van Meter]] in 1918.
|-
| [[Herbert Hoover]] || 31<sup>st</sup> [[President of the United States]] || Born in [[West Branch, Iowa|West Branch]] in 1874. He is also buried there.
|-
| [[Shawn Johnson]] || Olympic Gymnast|| Born in [[Des Moines, Iowa]]
|-
| [[Nile Kinnick]] || Football player, [[Heisman Trophy]] winner, naval officer || Born in [[Adel, Iowa|Adel]] on [[July 9]], [[1918]]. Played college football at [[University of Iowa]]
|-
| [[Ashton Kutcher]] || Actor ||Born as Christopher Ashton Kutcher in [[Cedar Rapids]] on
[[February 7]], [[1978]].
|-
| [[Cloris Leachman]] || Actress|| Born in [[Des Moines]], Iowa on [[April 30]], [[1926]].
|-
| [[Kate Mulgrew]] || Actress || Born in [[Dubuque, Iowa|Dubuque]] on [[April 29]], [[1955]].
|-
| [[Michelle Monaghan]] || Actress ||Born in [[Winthrop]] on [[March 23]], [[1976]].
|-
| [[Donna Reed]] || Actress ||Born as Donna Belle Mullenger [[January 27]], [[1921]] on a farm near [[Denison, Iowa]]
|-
| [[George Reeves]] || Actor || Born [[January 5]], [[1914]], best known for playing the role of Superman on the television series the ''[[Adventures of Superman (TV series)|Adventures of Superman]]'' in the 1950s.
|-
| [[Brandon Routh]] || Actor || Born [[October 9]], [[1979]] in [[Des Moines]], known for his role in [[Superman Returns]].
|-
| [[Corey Taylor]] || Musician || Born [[December 8]]. 1973 in [[Des Moines]], known as the lead singer in the bands [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]] and [[Stone Sour]].
|-
| [[Grant Wood]] || [[Artist]] || Known mostly for his painting ''[[American Gothic]]'', was born in [[Anamosa, Iowa|Anamosa]] on [[February 13]], [[1891]].
|-
| [[John Wayne]] || Film actor || Born as Marion Morrison in [[Winterset, Iowa|Winterset]] in 1907.
|-
| [[Meredith Willson]] || Playwright and Composer || Born in [[Mason City, Iowa|Mason City]] in 1902; wrote ''[[The Music Man]]''.
|-
| [[Elijah Wood]] || Film actor || Born in [[Cedar Rapids, Iowa|Cedar Rapids]] on [[January 28]], [[1981]].
|-
| [[Kurt Warner]] || NFL Quarterback || Born in [[Burlington, Iowa|Burlington]] on [[June 22]], [[1971]]. [[Super Bowl MVP]] in [[Super Bowl XXXIV]].
|-
|[[Pierre Watkin]] || Actor || Born in [[Sioux City, Iowa|Sioux City]] on [[December 29]], [[1889]].
|-
|[[Dallas Clark]] || NFL Tightend || Born in [[Livermore, Iowa|Livermore]] on [[June 12]], [[1979]]
|-}
==State symbols==
*[[Nickname]](s): The [[Hawkeye State]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Iowa Department of Economic Development Travel Iowa web site - State Symbols | url=http://www.traveliowa.com/iowafacts/symbols.html | publisher= Iowa Department of Economic Development | accessmonthday=August 7 |accessyear=2007}}</ref> The Tall Corn State
*Bird: [[American Goldfinch|Eastern Goldfinch]]<ref name=statesymbols>{{cite web | title=Iowa General Assembly - Iowa State Symbols | url=http://www.legis.state.ia.us/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/ | publisher=www.legis.state.ia.us | accessmonthday=November 24 | accessyear=2006}}</ref><ref name=Census_Facts4Students/>
*Fish: [[Channel catfish]] (unofficial)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statefishart.com/states/midwest/io.htm|title=National State-Fish Art: Iowa (Unofficial) State Fish<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref>
*Flower: Wild [[Rose]]<ref name=statesymbols>{{cite web | title=Iowa General Assembly - Iowa State Symbols | url=http://www.legis.state.ia.us/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/ | publisher=www.legis.state.ia.us | accessmonthday=November 24 | accessyear=2006}}</ref><ref name=Census_Facts4Students/>
*Grass: [[Bluebunch wheatgrass]]<ref name=Census_Facts4Students>{{cite web | url = http://www.census.gov/schools/facts/iowa.html | title = State Facts for Students - Iowa | accessdate = 2007-11-20 | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref>
*Tree: [[Oak]]<ref name=statesymbols>{{cite web | title=Iowa General Assembly - Iowa State Symbols | url=http://www.legis.state.ia.us/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/ | publisher=www.legis.state.ia.us | accessmonthday=November 24 | accessyear=2006}}</ref><ref name=Census_Facts4Students/>
*Colors:Red, white, and blue (in state flag)
*Fossil: [[Crinoid]] (proposed)
*Motto: "Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain"<ref name=statesymbols>{{cite web | title=Iowa General Assembly - Iowa State Symbols | url=http://www.legis.state.ia.us/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/ | publisher=www.legis.state.ia.us | accessmonthday=November 24 | accessyear=2006}}</ref>
*Rock: [[Geode]]<ref name=statesymbols>{{cite web | title=Iowa General Assembly - Iowa State Symbols | url=http://www.legis.state.ia.us/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/ | publisher=www.legis.state.ia.us | accessmonthday=November 24 | accessyear=2006}}</ref><ref name=Census_Facts4Students/>
*Song: ''The Song of Iowa''<ref name=statesong>{{cite web | title=New Citizen Civic Handbook, page 44 |
url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/NewCitizens/EntireEnglish.pdf | year=2006 | publisher=sos.state.ia.us | accessmonthday=December 26 | accessyear=2006|format=PDF}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of Iowa-related topics]]
<!-- {{portal|Iowa|Flag of Iowa.svg|left=yes}} -->
{{clear}}
<!-- Please place links to all topics directly related to the State of Iowa in the [[List of Iowa-related topics]] -->
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Iowa}}
*[http://www.iowa.gov/ Official State of Iowa Website]
*[http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=IA Energy Data & Statistics for Iowa- From the U.S. Department of Energy]
*[http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Iowa Iowa State Databases] - Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Iowa state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.
*[http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/19000.html U.S. Census Bureau Quick Facts]
{{-}}
{{Iowa|expand}}
{{USPoliticalDivisions}}
{{US Midwest}}
{{IA Parks}}
{{coor title d|42|N|93|W|region:US-IA_type:state}}
[[Category:Iowa|*]]
[[Category:States of the United States]]
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