Iridaceae
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218061194
2008-06-08T23:54:34Z
Thijs!bot
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{{Taxobox
| name = Iris family
| image = Spanish-iris-crop-only.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''[[Dietes grandiflora]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = '''Iridaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Juss.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subfamily|Subfamilies]] and [[tribe (biology)|tribes]]
| subdivision =
*Subfamily [[Crocoideae]]
*Subfamily [[Iridoideae]]
**Tribe [[Irideae]]
**Tribe [[Mariceae]]
**Tribe [[Sisyrinchieae]]
**Tribe [[Tigridieae]]
*Subfamily [[Isophysidoideae]]
*Subfamily [[Ixioideae]]
**Tribe [[Ixieae]]
**Tribe [[Pillansieae]]
**Tribe [[Watsonieae]]
*Subfamily [[Nivenioideae]]
}}
'''Iridaceae''' is a family of plants in Order [[Asparagales]], taking its name from the [[Iris (plant)|Irises]]. It includes a number of other well known cultivated plants, such as the [[Freesia]], the [[Gladiolus]] and the [[Crocus]].
Members of this family are [[perennial plant]]s, with a [[bulb]], [[corm]] or [[rhizome]]. The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the '''Blue Flag''' and '''Yellow Flag'''.
==List of genera==
Up to 80 genera have been recognised in the family, with a total of around 1500 species, world wide. The [[Afrotropic]] [[ecozone]], and in particular [[South Africa]], have the greatest diversity of genera. The spice [[saffron]] comes from the [[Carpel|stigma]] of the saffron crocus, ''[[Crocus]] sativus''.
==Name and history==
The family name is based on the genus [[Iris (plant)|Iris]], the largest and best known genus in Europe. The genus Iris dates from 1753, when it was coined by Swedish botanist, [[Carl Linnaeus]]. Its name derives from the Greek goddess, Iris, who carried messages from [[Olympus]] to earth along a rainbow, whose colours were seen by Linnaeus in the multi-hued petals of many of the species.
The family is currently divided into four subfamilies but the results from DNA analysis suggest that several more should be recognised:
Subfamily [[Isophysidoideae]] contains the single genus [[Isophysis]], from Tasmania. It is the only member of the family with a superior ovary and has a star-like yellow to brownish flower.
Subfamily [[Nivenioideae]] contains six genera from South Africa, Australia and Madagascar, including the only true shrubs in the family (Klattia, Nivenia and Witsenia) as well as the only [[myco-heterotroph]] (Geosiris). Aristea is also a member of this subfamily. It is distinguished by having flowers in small, paired clusters among large bracts, slender styles that are divided into three slender branches and nectar (when present) produced from glands in the ovary walls. The flowers are always radially symmetrical, with separate tepals (petals) and the rootstock is a rhizome.
Subfamily [[Iridioideae]] is distributed throughout the range of the family and contains the large genera [[Iris (plant)|Iris]] and [[Moraea]]. It is the only subfamily that is represented in South America. The species have flowers in solitary clusters among large bracts, styles that are often petal-like or crested and nectar (when present) is produced from glands on the tepals. Most species have separate petals and the rootstock is usually a rhizome or rarely a bulb. The flowers are almost always radially symmetrical. [[Bobartia]], [[Dietes]] and [[Ferraria]] belong to this subfamily.
Subfamily [[Ixioideae]], which contains nearly two thirds of the species, is mostly African. This subfamily contains most of the familiar genera apart from [[Iris (plant)|Iris]] and [[Moraea]], including [[Ixia]], [[Gladiolus]], [[Crocus]], [[Freesia]] and [[Watsonia]]. It is easily recognised by bearing flowers in a spike-like inflorescence (sometimes solitary), with the tepals joined into a short or long tube. Nectar is produced from glands in the ovary wall and is secreted directly into the base of the floral tube. The flowers are either radially symmetrical or more usually bilaterally symmetrical and two-li
[[Category:Plant families]]
[[ca:Iridàcia]]
[[cs:Kosatcovité]]
[[da:Iris-familien]]
[[de:Schwertliliengewächse]]
[[et:Võhumõõgalised]]
[[es:Iridaceae]]
[[eo:Iridacoj]]
[[fr:Iridaceae]]
[[hsb:Škleńčicowe rostliny]]
[[id:Iridaceae]]
[[it:Iridaceae]]
[[he:אירוסיים]]
[[lt:Vilkdalginiai]]
[[hu:Nősziromfélék]]
[[nl:Lissenfamilie]]
[[ja:アヤメ科]]
[[no:Sverdliljefamilien]]
[[pl:Kosaćcowate]]
[[pt:Iridaceae]]
[[ro:Iridaceae]]
[[sr:Iridaceae]]
[[fi:Kurjenmiekkakasvit]]
[[sv:Irisväxter]]
[[vi:Họ Diên vĩ]]
[[tr:Süsengiller]]
[[uk:Півникові]]
[[zh:鸢尾科]]