Jack Coggins
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{{Infobox Person
|name = Jack Banham Coggins
|image = Jack Coggins.jpg
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Jack Coggins at age 91
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|07|10}}
|birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2006|1|30|1911|7|10}}
|death_place = [[Berks County, Pennsylvania]], [[United States]]
|occupation = [[Author]] and [[Artist]]
|spouse = Alma Wood (1948–2006)
|religion = None
|nationality = [[United Kingdom|British]], [[United States|American]]
}}
'''Jack Banham Coggins''' ([[July 10]], [[1911]] – [[January 30]], [[2006]]) was an illustrator, author, and artist, who is best known in the [[United States]] for his [[oil paintings]] of predominantly [[Marine (ocean)|marine]] subjects and for his books on [[Spaceflight|space travel]].
Jack Coggins also wrote and/or illustrated a large number of books on a wide range of subjects, as well as providing many illustrations for advertisements, magazine articles and magazine covers. During [[World War II]], he served as an artist and correspondent for ''[[Yank, the Army Weekly|YANK]]'' magazine in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Europe]], and captured many war time scenes from the front lines.
Coggins produced in excess of 550 paintings during his long career, and taught master art classes for 45 years. He retired in May 2001 at nearly 90 years of age and died at his home in Pennsylvania in January 2006.
==Early life==
Jack Coggins was born in [[London]], [[England]] on [[July 10]], [[1911]], the only child of Ethel May (Dobby) and Sidney George Coggins. Sidney Coggins was the Riding Master of the First Regiment of [[Life Guards (British Army)|Life Guards]] which were the elite cavalry of the British Army, and Jack Coggins was born in his father's military barracks.<ref name ="berks">{{cite journal
| last = Zissa
| first = Robert F.
| year = 2001
| month = Spring
| title = Author-artist Jack Coggins
| journal = Historical Review of Berks County
| volume = 66
| issue = 2
| pages = 76–82
| issn = 0018-2524
| id = {{OCLC|1589887}}
}}
</ref> Coggins's father was retrenched from his position as [[Regimental Sergeant Major|Regimental Corporal Major]] during wholesale cutbacks to the military started in 1922 (known as the Geddes Axe after the committee chairman [[Eric Campbell Geddes]]), when the First and Second Life Guards were combined into a single regiment. A fellow officer married to an American steel heiress offered Coggins's father work as a secretary to his wife, and the family migrated to the United States, moving to [[Long Island]], [[New York]] in 1923.<ref name = "outre">{{Cite journal
| last = Miller
| first = Ron
| authorlink = Ron Miller (artist and author)
| year = 2001
| title = Jack Coggins
| journal = Outré Magazine
| volume = 23
| pages = 42–49
| publisher = Filmfax Inc.
| issn = 0895-0393
| id = {{OCLC|14292774}}
}}
</ref>
Coggins's interest in sailing and maritime subjects, which had its beginnings in London when sailing model yachts on the famous [[Round Pond]] in Kensington Gardens, developed into a life-long passion during his teen years spent sailing small craft on Hempstead Harbor, near his new home on Long Island.<ref name = "berks"/>
==Education==
While his father served with the Life Guards Regiment in France during [[World War I]], Coggins and his mother lived with family in [[Folkestone|Folkestone, Kent]], and he attended the [[Imperial Service College]], a public school preferred by army families.
On moving to [[New York]], Coggins enrolled at Roslyn High School in [[Roslyn Heights, New York|Roslyn Heights]] where he found difficulty in adjusting to the extreme differences between his military school in England and his New York city public school.<ref name = "berks"/>
Coggins had always enjoyed "fiddling around with drawing" and his family had not discouraged him; after graduation from Roslyn in 1928 at age 17, he was enrolled in the New York City Grand Central School of Art which was located above [[Grand Central Station]]. There he studied under such eminent painters as [[Edmund Greacen]], George Pearse Ennis, and Wayman Adams. In the early years, he painted constantly but not professionally; to support himself he painted advertising signs.<ref name = "outre"/> With a concentrated grounding in fine art techniques, Coggins graduated to the Art Students’ League, where he studied from 1933 to 1934 under noted artist [[Frank DuMond]].
==Illustrator, author and artist==
===World War II: Early years===
As a result of his father's military service and his early education in a military school, Coggins had always been interested in military subjects. By [[1939]], the world was on the brink of war as hostilities had already erupted in [[Europe]]; Coggins took a sampling of his war illustrations to Worthen Paxton, the then-art director of ''[[Life (magazine)|LIFE Magazine]]''. Paxton commissioned Coggins to produce a drawing of an imaginary coastal invasion of England<ref>{{cite journal
| quotes = no
| last = Coggins
| first = Jack
| date=[[July 15]], [[1940]]
| title = Imaginary Invasion of England (illustration)
| journal = [[Life (magazine)|LIFE]]
| volume = 9
| issue = 3
| pages = 20
| url= http://www.jackcoggins.info/life150740.jpg
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> for $250, a large sum at the time.<ref name = "outre"/> Appearing on [[July 15]], [[1940]], this was possibly Coggins's earliest published work and the first of many war time illustrations for ''LIFE'';<ref name = "LifeImages">{{cite web
| url = http://www.jackcoggins.info/magazines.html
| title = Jack Coggins: Life Magazine Illustrations
| publisher = JackCoggins.info
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> it set the direction of much of his work for the next five years, and showed the meticulous style of his future artistic output.
During the early 1940s, Coggins obtained more work producing war pictures for other magazines, including a series of double-page spreads for the controversial newspaper ''[[PM (newspaper)|PM]]'',<ref>{{cite journal
| last=Coggins
| first=Jack
| date=[[March 23]], [[1941]]
| year = 1941
| title=Germany May Invade England in Barges Like These (illustrations for article)
| journal=[[PM (newspaper)|PM Sunday Edition]]
| volume=1
| issue=40
| pages=14–15
| url=http://www.jackcoggins.info/pm.html
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> and illustrations for ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]''.<ref name = "outre"/> Throughout the war years, most of the output of many large corporations was reserved for war [[materiel]] production; however, management were keen to promote their connection to the war effort and keep their name before the buying public until they could resume peace time sales. Coggins received advertising commissions from such corporations, including [[Elco Naval Division|Elco]],<ref>{{Cite journal
| last=Coggins
| first=Jack
| month=July
| year = 1942
| title=Midnight off Cebu (illustration for advertisement)
| journal=The Rudder
| volume=58
| issue=7
| pages=1
| url=http://www.jackcoggins.info/elcoadvertfull.jpg
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> [[Koppers]],<ref>{{Cite journal
| last=Coggins
| first=Jack
| date=[[January 25]], [[1943]]
| title=PT…For Plenty Tough (illustration for advertisement)
| journal=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]
| volume=41
| issue=4
| pages=65
| url=http://www.jackcoggins.info/koppersadvertfull.jpg
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> [[US Steel]],<ref>{{Cite journal
| last=Coggins
| first=Jack
| month=September
| year = 1943
| title=The Flying Fish With a Steel Lung (illustration for advertisement)
| journal=Country Gentleman
| volume=113
| issue=9
| pages=48
| url=http://www.jackcoggins.info/ussadvertfull.jpg
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> and [[Westinghouse Electric (1886)|Westinghouse]].<ref>{{Cite journal
| last=Coggins
| first=Jack
| month=August
| year = 1942
| title=Bombers from the bottom of the Deep Blue Sea (illustration for advertisement)
| journal=[[Popular Science]]
| volume=141
| issue=2
| pages=15
| url=http://www.jackcoggins.info/westinghouseadvertfull.jpg
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> He also received commissions from the [[U.S. War Department]] for aircraft recognition charts,<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://digital.library.unt.edu/search.tkl?type=creator_simple&q=Coggins,%20Jack
| title = Creator: Coggins, Jack
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
| year = 2005
| work = Digital Collections
| publisher = [[University of North Texas|University of North Texas Libraries]]
}}
</ref> and was intrigued to later find these charts used during his army basic training.<ref name = "outre"/>
[[Image:Fightingships.jpg|frame|left|Fighting Ships of the U.S. Navy by Fletcher Pratt, illustrated by Jack Coggins, cover art by Jack Coggins]]
Because of the quality of his maritime illustrations, Coggins was invited by publisher Doubleday to provide artwork for a planned children's book about the U.S. Navy. The author was to be [[Fletcher Pratt]], a well known military historian, and the publisher sent Coggins to meet him. Their common interest in maritime history created a lasting friendship and a fruitful association between the two men.
Coggins was invited to participate in Pratt's ''Naval Game'', based on a [[Wargaming|wargame]] developed by [[Fred T. Jane]] involving dozens of tiny wooden ships, built on a scale of one inch to 50 feet. These were spread over the floor of Pratt's apartment and their maneuvers were calculated via a complex mathematical formula.<ref name = "outre"/> The result of Pratt and Coggins's first collaboration, published in 1941, was ''Fighting Ships of the U.S. Navy'', a volume that described in text and illustrated in full color every class of ship in the Navy.<ref name = "outre"/>
===World War II: Service===
Jack Coggins was called up for Army service, and enlisted on [[April 8]], [[1943]].<ref name = "archive">Military Personnel Records, National Personnel Records Center, National Archives, St. Louis, Missouri.</ref> He was pulled from basic training at Fort Eustis, Virginia, before he could complete it, to work as an illustrator for ''[[Yank, the Army Weekly|YANK]]'' magazine; a U.S. Army weekly magazine "by the men ... for the men, in the service". He was originally introduced to the Commanding Officer and Editor of ''YANK'', [[Franklin S. Forsberg|Colonel Franklin Forsberg]], by Fletcher Pratt.<ref name = "outre"/> On [[May 20]][[1943]], Coggins commenced work at the head office of ''YANK'' in New York, where he worked until his departure for Britain on [[October 14]] of the same year.<ref name = "archive"/> Jack Coggins became a naturalized citizen of the [[United States|United States of America]] on [[August 19]], [[1943]].<ref>Naturalization Records, Southern District Court, New York </ref>
He served as an artist for British ''YANK'' in London until [[August 8]], [[1945]] and was finally discharged from the U.S. Army on [[November 3]], [[1945]].<ref name = "archive"/> While in Britain, Coggins spent time on a [[Royal Navy]] convoy in the [[North Sea]], witnessed the bombing of [[Saint-Lô]], and flew over [[Berlin]] in a [[Avro Lancaster|Lancaster bomber]]. He also spent time on a U.S. [[PT boat]] patrolling the beaches and made a trip into [[Brittany]] with an armored column.<ref name = "berks"/><ref name = "outre"/> Action from all these sorties was illustrated in ''YANK'' magazine in double page spreads.<ref name = "images">{{cite web
| url = http://www.jackcoggins.info/yanklist.html
| title = Jack Coggins: Yank Magazine Illustrations & Articles
| publisher = JackCoggins.info
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> During his time in Britain, Coggins wrote articles on war rockets and the German Navy which were also published in ''YANK''; these articles clearly demonstrate his talents and early knowledge in those fields.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last= Coggins
| first= Jack
| date= [[January 9]], [[1944]]
| title= The 700 Year History of War Rockets (article and illustrations)
| journal= [[Yank, the Army Weekly|YANK Magazine (British Edition)]]
| volume= 2
| issue= 30
| pages= 9–11
| url= http://www.jackcoggins.info/yankarticle1.html
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last= Coggins
| first= Jack
| date= [[February 20]], [[1944]]
| title= The German Fleet - A Brief Review (article and illustrations)
| journal= [[Yank, the Army Weekly|YANK Magazine (British Edition)]]
| volume= 2
| issue= 36
| pages= 22–23
| url= http://www.jackcoggins.info/yankarticle2.html
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref>
===Post World War II: Books and magazine covers===
After returning to New York from his war service, Coggins found that many of the outlets for his pre-war work had dried up. A friend had resigned from [[Hunter College]], a faculty of the [[City University of New York]], and suggested that Coggins apply for the position. His application was successful, and he taught watercolor painting at Hunter College from 1948 to 1953.
In New York, as a result of his friendship with Fletcher Pratt, Coggins was introduced to the Hydra Club where he met [[Judith Merril]] and [[L. Ron Hubbard]]; he was also invited to join Pratt's [[Trap Door Spiders]] club where he became closely associated with [[L. Sprague de Camp]] and [[Isaac Asimov]]. The contact with such visionaries, in addition to his exposure to the German [[V-2 Rocket|V2]] rockets in Europe, served to strengthen his growing interest in space travel, rockets and science fiction.<ref name = "outre"/>
[[Image:Byspaceship.jpg|frame|left|By Space Ship to the Moon by Jack Coggins and Fletcher Pratt, cover art by Jack Coggins]]
During the 1950s Coggins illustrated covers for [[Pulp magazine|pulp]] [[science fiction magazine]]s, most notably ''[[Galaxy Science Fiction]]'', ''[[The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction]]'' and ''[[Wonder Stories|Thrilling Wonder Stories]]''. During the late 1940s and early 1950s Coggins's marine art was featured on covers of [[Yachting (magazine)|Yachting Magazine]]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.jackcoggins.info/yachting.html
| title = Jack Coggins: Yachting Magazine Covers
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> and other publications, as well as on advertising material.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.jackcoggins.info/bristol.html
| title = Jack Coggins: Bristol Laboratories Advertising Brochures
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> ([[List of Jack Coggins Illustrations#Magazine Covers Illustrated by Jack Coggins|refer to a separate listing for full details and images of Coggins's magazine covers]]).
[[Image:Twswinter54.jpg|frame|right|Thrilling Wonder Stories Winter 1954, cover art by Jack Coggins]]
In 1951 and 1952, he again collaborated with Fletcher Pratt on two classic books: ''Rockets, Jets, Guided Missiles & Space Ships'', and ''By Space Ship to the Moon''. The books were released amidst a great wave of interest in space travel which swept the United States and the rest of the world in the 1950s;<ref name = "outre"/> they were published in several countries and translated into other languages.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.jackcoggins.info/spacebooks1.html
| title = International Editions of Coggins/Pratt Space Books
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> These books made the prospect of [[space exploration]] seem a practical possibility. NASA scientists used the books to demonstrate their ideas to Congressmen when seeking funding for the space program,<ref name ="berks"/> and there are many [[NASA]] scientists today who retain fond memories of the influence the books had on their careers.<ref name = "StarLog">{{cite book
| last = Miller
| first = Ron
| authorlink = Ron Miller (artist and author)
| editor = Jon-Michael Reed and Robin Snelson, eds.
| others = art director, Robert P. Ericksen; designer, Phyllis Cayton
| title = Norman Jacobs & Kerry O’Quinn present Space art
| year = 1978
| publisher = O’Quinn Studios
| location = [[New York, NY]]
| oclc = 4947036
| id = {{LCCN|79||101645}}
}}
</ref>
Altogether, between 1941 and 1983, Coggins wrote and/or illustrated 44 books on a wide range of marine, military, historical and educational themes ([[List of Jack Coggins Illustrations#Books Written and Illustrated by Jack Coggins|refer to a separate listing for full details and images of all Coggins's books]]). In 1962 he wrote and illustrated ''Arms and Equipment of the Civil War'' which has become a major reference work for Civil War historians and which has been republished several times, most recently in 2004. In 1966 he wrote and illustrated ''The Horseman's Bible'', which has sold at least half a million copies; a revised edition was published in 1984. In this book Coggins acknowledges his father, "whose twenty five years in the cavalry and life long interest in horses made his advice invaluable".
Coggins's last book was ''Marine Painter's Guide'' which was first published in 1983; after the book was published he decided to stop writing to concentrate more on painting.<ref name = "berks"/>
A new edition of ''Marine Painter's Guide'' was published in 2005 by [[Dover Publications]] Inc., New York, who have printed new editions of several of his books.
===Oil and watercolor paintings===
[[Image:Towcastoff.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Tow Cast Off, oil painting by Jack Coggins]]
Jack Coggins produced in excess of 550 paintings during his career.<ref name = "berks"/> His published books and illustrations led to many commissions for works of art from individuals, major corporations and institutions; however no catalogue of his art works is known to exist, he rarely dated his work, and he kept few personal records. A retrospective exhibition and sale of artworks found in Coggins's home after his death was held at the Wyomissing Institute of the Arts in late 2006, consisting of about 300 previously unseen oils, watercolors and other printed materials. Part of the proceeds of the sale of these works was used to set up an annual Jack Coggins award to be given to a deserving local artist.<ref>{{cite news
| first = Schira
| last = Ron
| title = Institute Prepares Coggins Retrospective
| url = http://www.jackcoggins.info/exhibition.pdf
| format = PDF
| work = Entertainment
| publisher = [[Reading Eagle]]
| page = 50
| date=[[September 3]], [[2006]]
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite news
| first = Schira
| last = Ron
| title = Coggins Focused on the Single Work
| url=http://www.jackcoggins.info/cogginsreview.pdf
| format = PDF
| work = Entertainment
| publisher = [[Reading Eagle]]
| date=[[November 7]], [[2006]]
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
}}
</ref>
The majority of his paintings have a maritime theme in a [[Realism (arts)|realistic]] style and are executed in oils, for which he had a preference. However, he executed many works in [[watercolor painting|watercolors]] and other media; examples of rural themes are common, and some works have a slightly [[Impressionism|impressionistic]] style.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.jackcoggins.info/art.html
| title = Jack Coggins: Samples of Artwork
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref> His stated preference in art styles was "a direct splashy type of realistic painting" and he admired the [[New Hope, Pennsylvania|New Hope]] school of [[Edward Willis Redfield|Redfield]] and [[Daniel Garber|Garber]], with "no liking for '[[modern art]]'".<ref name = "berks"/>
His paintings are owned by the [[Philadelphia Maritime Museum]], the [[National Air and Space Museum]] of the [[Smithsonian Institution]], the [[U.S. Navy]], the [[United States Coast Guard]], among many other institutions and corporations, as well as private collectors.<ref name = "berks"/><ref name = "outre"/> His original manuscripts and illustrations are part of [[The University of Southern Mississippi]]'s Permanent Collection of outstanding authors and artists.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.jackcoggins.info/degrum.html
| title = Jack Coggins: de Grummond Children's Literature Collection University of Southern Mississippi
| accessdate = 2007-04-14
}}
</ref>
Coggins was a signature member of the Pastel Society of America and a Fellow of the American Society of Marine Artists. He has been a member of the American Ordnance Assn., the [[U.S. Naval Institute]], and advisor to the board of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum and the [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]] Public Museum.<ref name = "berks"/><ref name = "outre"/>
==Family==
During his time as a member of the faculty of Hunter College in New York, Coggins met Alma Wood who was a fashion and photographic model at the time.<ref>{{cite news
| first = Schira
| last = Ron
| title = A Painter, a Model, a Class Act
| url=http://www.jackcoggins.info/almawoods.pdf
| format = PDF
| work = Obituaries
| publisher = [[Reading Eagle]]
| date=[[March 16]], [[2007]]
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
}}
</ref> They married in 1948 and moved to [[Berks County, Pennsylvania|Berks County]], [[Pennsylvania]] shortly afterwards. Coggins taught his wife to paint, and she had success as an artist in her own right under the name Alma Woods, the couple holding annual joint exhibitions for many years.<ref name = "berks"/> Alma Coggins assisted her husband in the planning, research and typing of many of his books, and he acknowledged her efforts with book dedications to her.<ref>Dedication in ''Marine Painter's Guide'', published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1983, ''et al.''</ref>
Jack and Alma Coggins had no children; his only living relatives are several cousins and their families in Australia. Coggins taught master art classes at the Wyomissing Institute of the Arts for over 45 years until failing health forced his retirement in May 2001 at nearly 90 years of age. He died at his home in Berks County, Pennsylvania at the age of 94 and willed his body to medical science.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Jack B. Coggins, author-illustrator
| url=http://www.jackcoggins.info/jackcoggins.pdf
| format = PDF
| work = Obituaries
| page = 15
| publisher = [[Reading Eagle]]
| date=[[February 2]], [[2006]]
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
}}
</ref>
==Awards==
In 1985, Jack Coggins received the Americanism Award from the Daniel Boone National Foundation and in 1989, he received the Purchase Award from the [[Mystic Seaport|Mystic Maritime Gallery]]. He received the Rudolph Shaeffer Award in the International Maritime Exhibition from 1987 to 1990, the Pagoda Award from the Berks Arts Council in 1995, and the Revolution Round Table Award.<ref name = "outre"/> In 2000 he was inducted to the [[International Association of Astronomical Artists]] Hall of Fame as a ''Living Legend'' and celebrated master of the genre of Space Art.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.iaaa.org/gallery/rudaux/
| title = The Lucien Rudaux Memorial Gallery
| accessdate = 2007-04-22
| year = 2000
| publisher = [[International Association of Astronomical Artists]]
}}
</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of Jack Coggins Illustrations#Books Written and Illustrated by Jack Coggins|Books Written and Illustrated by Jack Coggins]]
*[[List of Jack Coggins Illustrations#Books Illustrated by Jack Coggins|Books Illustrated by Jack Coggins]]
*[[List of Jack Coggins Illustrations#Magazine Covers Illustrated by Jack Coggins|Magazine Covers Illustrated by Jack Coggins]]
==References==
{| class="messagebox" style="background: {{{#666666}}};"
|-
||Note: Many of the cited references have [[Wikipedia:Convenience links|convenience links]] to jackcoggins.info, where the originals have been scanned and collected.
|}
{{reflist|2}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite book
| last =Tuck
| first =Donald H.
| authorlink = Donald H. Tuck
| title =The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy Volume 3
| year = 1984
| publisher = Advent Publishers
| isbn = 0-911682-26-0
| id = {{OCLC|60069023}}
}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
*{{isfdb name|id=Jack_Coggins|name=Jack Coggins}}
*[http://www.galenet.com/servlet/LitIndex/hits?r=d&origSearch=true&o=DocTitle&n=10&l=12&c=1&secondary=false&u=LitIndex&t=KW&s=1&NA=jack+coggins&OP=contains Jack Coggins listing on Galenet]
*[http://www.jackcoggins.info Jack Coggins reference site and tribute] - created by his family - includes images of many of his works.
<!-- Persondata -->
{{Persondata
|NAME=Coggins, Jack Banham
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Coggins, Jack; Coggins, J. Banham
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[United States|American]] [[artist]]
|DATE OF BIRTH= [[July 10]], [[1911]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[London]], [[England]]
|DATE OF DEATH= [[January 30]], [[2006]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Berks County, Pennsylvania]], [[United States]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Coggins, Jack}}
<!-- Categories -->
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:American military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:English immigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:People of English descent]]
[[Category:American artists]]
[[Category:American illustrators]]
[[Category:American painters]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers]]
[[Category:Contemporary painters]]
[[Category:Military art]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania writers]]
[[Category:Science fiction artists]]
[[Category:War artists]]
[[Category:Marine artists]]