James Black
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2008-04-18T17:00:16Z
Belovedfreak
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Reverted to revision 203460192 by [[Special:Contributions/OrphanBot|OrphanBot]]; reverting older vandalism. ([[WP:TW|TW]])
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'''James Black''' ([[1800]]-[[1872]]) was the creator of the original [[Bowie knife]] designed by [[Jim Bowie]].
==Early life==
James Black was born in [[Hackensack, New Jersey]] on [[1 May]] [[1800]]. James' mother died when he was very young and he had difficulty getting along with his stepmother. Black ran away from home to [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] at age 8 and was apprenticed to a [[silversmith]]. At age 18 he migrated westward and took jobs on the [[Ohio River|Ohio]] and [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] rivers. About [[1820]] Black spent some time at [[Bayou Sara]] in [[Louisiana]] working as a ferryman and as a steamboat deckhand on the [[Red River (Mississippi watershed)|Red River]] which took him upstream to [[Fulton, Arkansas]]. Black left the boat and settled at a crossroads 14 miles northeast of Fulton that would later become [[Washington, Arkansas]] and Black's permanent home.
==Partnership with William Shaw==
During his travels, Black had befriended Elijah Stuart. Stuart opened a tavern at Washington and Black was hired by a local [[blacksmith]] named William Shaw. Black, due to his previous training, worked on firearms and knives while Shaw concentrated on horse shoes, wagon wheels, and the like. Black would later become a partner in the business with Shaw. Stuart's tavern would become famous as the place where [[Davy Crockett]], [[Jim Bowie]], and [[William B. Travis]] created the plan for an independent Texas and Black would go on to create some of the world's finest knives. Black fell in love with his partner's daughter, Anne Shaw, and was forced out of the partnership when Shaw would not allow the marriage. Backed by the note he had received from the dissolved partnership Black purchased some land along the [[Cossatot River]] and established a blacksmith's shop, dam, and mill.
Black's endeavor came to an end when he was thrown off of his land. Local officials claimed that the land was Indian treaty land and that Black could not legally inhabit it. Black then discovered that the note he had received from William Shaw for his share of the partnership was actually worthless. Black set up his own blacksmithy in competition with Shaw's and married Shaw's daughter in [[1828]] despite Shaw's objections and also convinced Shaw's son to join him in his business. Black was soon recognized as the best blacksmith in the area which had a bad effect on his father-in-law's competing shop.
Black and his wife had three sons and a daughter during this period. William Jefferson in [[1829]], Grandison Deroyston in [[1830]], Sarah Jane in [[1832]], John Colbert in [[1834]], and Sydinham James in [[1835]]. Black became a respected member of the community and served in local government posts.
==Bowie knife and fame==
In [[1830]], Black made the famous [[Bowie knife]] for Jim Bowie. Bowie was already famous for knife-fighting from his [[1827]] sandbar duel. But his killing of three assassins in Texas and his death at the [[Battle of the Alamo]] made him, and Black's knife, legends. After Bowie's death in [[1836]], Black did a brisk business selling his knives to pioneers bound for Texas. Everyone seemed to want "Jim Bowie's knife". Black forged his knives behind a leather curtain and kept his process a secret. Black's knives were known to be exceedingly tough yet flexible. Many claimed that Black had rediscovered the process to make [[Damascus steel]].
Black's wife Anne died in [[1838]], and in [[1839]], while Black was in bed from an illness, his father-in-law Shaw broke into Black's house and brutally attacked him with a club. Black's life was saved by the family dog. Black survived but his eyes were severely damaged by the attack. Black went north to seek medical advice, where his eyes were further damaged by the inept ministrations of a [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], physician. When Black returned to Arkansas he discovered that his father-in-law had sold his business and property illegally and disappeared with the cash.
Black lived on a local plantation for a couple of years until Dr. Isaac Newton Jones took him into his home. Black lived with the Jones family for the next 30 years. Black attempted to pass on his knife-making secrets to [[Daniel Webster Jones (1839-1918)|Daniel Webster Jones]], but unfortunately could not remember the technique. Jones would later become Governor of Arkansas. James Black died on [[22 June]] [[1872]] in [[Washington, Arkansas]].
==Bowie Knife since Black's death==
Black's shop has been recreated as part of the [[Old Washington Historic State Park]]. Old Washington is the headquarters of the [[American Bladesmith Society]] and they maintain a knife-making college at the site. Black's knives are exceedingly rare and are prized by collectors. Several examples of Black's knives are on display at the [[Historic Arkansas Museum]] as part of the [[American Bladesmith Society]] collection.
==Black in fiction==
*In the 1956 film ''[[The Iron Mistress]]'' Black is depicted forging Bowie's knife from steel that he has extracted from a meteorite.
*The 2005 song ''Wasted Wasted, Sick Sick'' by Grumbias and DMF
==References==
*[http://www.perfectpeople.net/biography/12288/james-black.htm James Black biography]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Black, James}}
[[Category:1800 births]]
[[Category:1870 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Hackensack, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Blacksmiths]]
[[Category:History of Arkansas]]
[[Category:People from Arkansas]]
[[de:James Black (Eishockeyspieler)]]