Jane Addams 152277 226087016 2008-07-16T19:40:43Z Veraguinne 6264421 {{Infobox Person | name = Jane Addams {{click|image=Nobel medal dsc06171.jpg|link=Nobel Peace Prize|width=20px|height=20px}} | image = Jane Addams profile.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1860|9|6|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Cedarville, Illinois | Cedarville, Illinois]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1935|5|21|1860|9|6}} | death_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] | occupation = Activist | spouse = | parents = [[John H. Addams]] and Sarah Weber | children = }} '''Laura Jane Addams''' ([[September 6]], [[1860]] &ndash; [[May 21]], [[1935]]) was a founder of the [[U.S.]] [[Settlement House]] movement, and the first American woman to be awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]. ==Biography== Born in Cedarville, Illinois, Jane Addams was the eighth of nine children born into a prosperous [[miller]] family.<ref name= Nobel>{{cite book | last = Haberman | first = Frederick | title = Nobel Lectures, Peace 1926-1950 | publisher = Elsevier Publishing Company | date = 1972 | location = Amsterdam | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/addams-bio.html }}</ref> Her mother was Sarah Addams ([[married and maiden names|née]] Weber) and her father was a banker and state senator [[John H. Addams]].<ref name = NYT> {{cite news | title = Jane Addams A Foe of War and Need | work = [[New York Times]]| date = May 22, 1935 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0906.html | accessdate = 2008-02-09}}</ref> She was a first cousin twice removed to [[Charles Addams]], noted macabre cartoonist for [[The New Yorker]].<ref>Davis, Linda H. ''Charles Addams: A Cartoonist's Life''. Random House, Inc. 2006.</ref> She was born with a [[congenital]] spinal defect and although this was later corrected by surgery, she was never truly robust.<ref name = Nobel/> Addams' father taught her philanthropy and care for people. He encouraged her to pursue a higher education, but not at the expense of losing her femininity and the prospect of marriage and motherhood, as expected of upper class young women. She was educated in the [[United States]] and [[Europe]], graduating from the Rockford Female Seminary (now [[Rockford College]]) in [[Rockford, Illinois]]. After Rockford, she wanted to pursue a degree in [[medicine]], but her parents felt that she was sufficiently educated and feared for her [[marriage]] prospects. While in [[London]], Addams was influenced by an essay, ''The Bitter Cry of Outcast London''<ref>Rev Andrew Mearns 1883 http://www.attackingthedevil.co.uk/related/outcast.php</ref>, which highlighted [[slum]] conditions.<ref name="hall">{{cite book |title=Cities of Tomorrow |author=Hall, Peter |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |date=2002 |chapter=Chapter 2}}</ref> She visited Europe when she was 27 years old, visiting [[Toynbee Hall]], a [[settlement house]] in the [[East End of London]].<ref name="hall"/> ===Hull House === [[Image:Jane Addams in a car.jpg|left|thumb|Jane Addams in a car, 1915]] In 1889 she and her friend, [[Ellen Gates Starr]] co-founded [[Hull House]] in [[Chicago, Illinois]], one of the first [[settlement house]]s in the United States. At its height, Hull House was visited each week by around two thousand people. Its facilities included a night school for adults, [[kindergarten]] classes, clubs for older children, a public kitchen, an [[art gallery]], a [[coffeehouse]], a [[gym]]nasium, a girls club, a swimming pool, a [[Bookbinding|book bindery]], a [[music school]], a drama group, a library, and labor-related divisions. She is probably most remembered for her adult night school, a forerunner of the [[continuing education]] classes offered by many [[community college]]s today. [[Image:Jane Addams speaking to a crowd.jpg|thumb|Jane Addams speaks to a crowd, 1915]] [[Hull House]] also served as a women's [[Sociology|sociological]] institution. Addams was a friend and colleague to the early members of the [[Chicago School of Sociology]], influencing their thought through her work in [[applied sociology]] and, in 1893, co-authoring the ''Hull-House Maps and Papers'' that came to define the interests and methodologies of the School. She worked with [[George H. Mead]] on social reform issues including promoting [[women's rights]], ending child labor, and the mediating during the [[1910 Garment Workers' Strike]]. Although academic sociologists of the time defined her work as "social work", Addams did not consider herself a [[social work]]er. She combined the central concepts of [[symbolic interactionism]] with the theories of [[cultural feminism]] and [[pragmatism]] to form her sociological ideas (Deegan, 1988). Hull House's first resident: Jane describes the Hull Houses "first resident" as an older lady who read to listeners from Hawthorne. She reported that she wanted to live in a place where "idealism ran high" (1910, 101). Volunteers seemed plentiful. Ellen read George Eliot's "Romola" to listeners and Jenny Dow, another volunteer, started a kindergarten (1910). Hull House also offered an employment bureau, an art gallery, libraries, and music and art classes. Among the projects that the members of the Hull House opened were the Immigrants' Protective League, the [[Juvenile Protective Association]], the first [[juvenile court]] in the United States, and a Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic.<ref>The "Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic" was later called the "Institute for Juvenile Research", see: {{cite web| url = http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/ja_bio.html | title = ''Jane Addams Hull-House Museum'' at the University of Illinois at Chigao| accessdate = 2007-11-24}}</ref> ===Peace Movement=== [[Image:Jane Addams and Miss Elizabeth Burke.jpg|thumb|left|Delegation to the Women's Suffrage Legislature Jane Addams (left) and Miss Elizabeth Burke of the University of Chicago, 1911]] Addams helped organize the Women's Peace Party and the International Congress of Women in an effort to avert the [[first World War]]. In 1917, after [[United States|America]] entered the [[war]], she was expelled from the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]]. In 1920 she was elected first president of the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]], the successor organization to the Women's Peace Party. She continued in the presidency until her death. ===Personal Relationships=== Throughout her life Addams was close to many women and was very good at eliciting the involvement of women from different classes in Hull Houses's programmes. Her closest adult companion, friend and lover was [[Mary Rozet Smith]], who nurtured and supported Addams and her work at Hull House, and with whom she owned a summer house in Bar Harbor, Maine<ref>Sarah Holmes, ''Who's who in Gay and Lesbian History'', London, 2000.</ref>. == Legacy == [[Image:Addams.JPG|right|thumb|250px|A wall-mounted quote by Jane Addams in [[The American Adventure]] in the World Showcase pavilion of [[Walt Disney World]]'s [[Epcot]].]] Jane Addams was a member of the [[NAACP]], [[Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority]], and the first vice-president of the [[History of women's suffrage in the United States|National American Woman Suffrage Association]] in 1911. In 1901 she founded the Juvenile Court Committee which has since become the [[Juvenile Protective Association]], a private nonprofit organization in Chicago that protects children from abuse and neglect. She was also actively involved with [[Pi Gamma Mu]], the social science honor society, from the 1920s until her death, because of its emphasis on social service and the humanization of the social science disciplines. In 1998 the British Columbia Branch of the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]] commissioned Canadian artist [[Christian Cardell Corbet]] to create a bronze medallion of Jane Addams to celebrate her life and achievements. The medallion has since been collected by several important museums. The Jane Addams Peace Association, together with the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]], give the annual [[Jane Addams Children's Book Awards]] to children's books that promote peace, equality, multiculturalism, and peaceful solutions. A 2007 joint resolution of the [[Illinois General Assembly]], HJR 19 ([[Barbara Flynn Currie|Currie]]), would rename the [[Northwest Tollway]] as the ''Jane Addams Memorial Tollway''. Jane Addams House is a residence hall built in 1937 at [[Connecticut College]] The Jane Addams Trail is a bicycling, hiking, snowmobiling, and cross country skiing trail which stretches from Freeport, Illinois to the Wisconsin state line. It is {{convert|12.85|mi|km}} long, and is part of the larger [[Grand Illinois Trail]], which is over {{convert|575|mi|km}} long. <ref>[http://www.bikelib.org/git/index.htm Grand Illinois Trail Guide - bikeGIT.org. Hosted by the League of Illinois Bicyclists<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The trail is located near her birthplace of Cedarville, Illinois.<ref>[http://www.janeaddamstrail.com/ Jane Addams Trail – Part of the Grand Illinois Trail<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Jane Addams House is a residence hall built in 1937 at [[Connecticut College]] ==See also== * [[Florence Kelley]] * [[Flora Dunlap]] * [[Mary Treglia]] * [[Jane Addams Burial Site]] * [[Jane Addams School for Democracy]] * [[John H. Addams Homestead]] * [[John Dewey]] * [[Community practice|Community practice social work]] * [[Stanton Street Settlement]] ==References== [[Image:Jane addams stamp.JPG|thumbnail|right|140px|'''Jane Addams''' on a [[United States|US]] [[postage stamp]] of 1940]] {{reflist}} ===Further reading=== * Bowen, Louise de Koven. ''Growing up with a City''. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1926. * Deegan, Mary. ''Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892-1918''. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, Inc., 1988. * Knight, Louise W. ''Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. * Polacheck, Hilda Satt. ''I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl''. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1989. == External links == {{Wikisource author}} {{wikiquote}} {{commons|Jane Addams}} * {{sep entry|addams-jane|Jane Addams|Maurice Hamington}} Looks at her as "the first woman 'public philosopher' in United States history". * {{gutenberg author|id=Jane_Addams|name=Jane Addams}} * Harvard University Library Open Collections Program. Women Working, 1870-1930. [http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/people_addams.html Jane Addams (1860-1935).] A full-text searchable online database with complete access to publications written by Jane Addams. * [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?author=Addams&amode=start Works by Jane Addams] listed at the [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ Online Books Page] *[http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/hull_house.html Jane Addams Hull-House Museum] *[http://www.attackingthedevil.co.uk/related/outcast.php/ The Bitter Cry of Outcast London] by Rev. Andrew Mearns *[http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/Exhibits/janeaddams/addamsindex.htm Online photograph exhibit of Jane Addams from Swarthmore College's Peace Collection] {{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1926-1950}} {{Social work}} {{Persondata |NAME = Addams, Jane |ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |SHORT DESCRIPTION = American activist and pacifist |DATE OF BIRTH = [[September 6]], [[1860]] |PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Cedarville, Illinois|Cedarville]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]] |DATE OF DEATH = [[May 21]], [[1935]] |PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Addams, Jane}} [[Category:1860 births]] [[Category:1935 deaths]] [[Category:20th century philosophers]] [[Category:American memoirists]] [[Category:American pacifists]] [[Category:American political writers]] [[Category:American sociologists]] [[Category:American philosophers]] [[Category:Americans of English descent]] [[Category:Americans of German descent]] [[Category:Cancer deaths]] [[Category:Child labor in the United States]] [[Category:Children's rights activists]] [[Category:Community organizers]] [[Category:LGBT people from the United States]] [[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]] [[Category:Nonviolence advocates]] [[Category:People from Chicago, Illinois]] [[Category:People from Stephenson County, Illinois]] [[ar:جان آدمز]] [[bg:Джейн Адамс]] [[ca:Jane Addams]] [[de:Jane Addams]] [[et:Jane Addams]] [[es:Jane Addams]] [[eo:Jane Addams]] [[fr:Jane Addams]] [[gl:Jane Addams]] [[hr:Jane Addams]] [[id:Laura Jane Addams]] [[it:Jane Addams]] [[he:ג'יין אדאמס]] [[sw:Jane Addams]] [[lt:Jane Addams]] [[nl:Jane Addams]] [[ja:ジェーン・アダムズ]] [[no:Jane Addams]] [[pl:Jane Addams]] [[pt:Jane Addams]] [[ru:Аддамс, Джейн]] [[sk:Jane Addamsová]] [[fi:Jane Addams]] [[sv:Jane Addams]] [[tr:Jane Addams]] [[yo:Jane Addams]] [[zh:简·亚当斯]]