Janet Frame
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{{Infobox Writer
| name = Janet Frame
| image =
| bgcolour = silver
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|8|28|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Dunedin]], [[New Zealand]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2004|1|29|1924|8|28}}
| death_place = [[Dunedin]], [[New Zealand]]
| occupation = [[Novelist]], [[short story writer]], [[essayist]], [[poet]]
| magnum_opus = ''[[An Angel at My Table]]''
| genre = [[modernism]], [[magic realism]], [[postmodernism]]
| influences = [[Rainer Maria Rilke]], [[Virginia Woolf]], [[Emily Brontë]], [[Charlotte Brontë]], [[W. H. Auden]], [[James Joyce]], [[Dylan Thomas]], [[Gustave Flaubert]], [[William Faulkner]], [[Marcel Proust]], [[William Styron]], [[Henry David Thoreau]], [[Edgar Allan Poe]], [[Stephen Spender]], [[Robert Browning]], [[Lewis Carroll]], [[Nathalie Sarraute]], [[May Sarton]], [[Patrick White]], [[Frank Sargeson]], [[James K. Baxter]], Ruth Dallas, [[Denis Glover]],
| salary =
| networth =
| website =
| footnotes =}}
'''Janet Paterson Frame''', [[Order of New Zealand|ONZ]], [[Order of British Empire|CBE]] ([[August 28]], [[1924]] - [[January 29]], [[2004]]), was a [[New Zealand literature|New Zealand author]] who published eleven novels in her lifetime, together with three collections of short stories, a book of poetry, an edition of juvenile fiction, and three volumes of autobiography. Since her death, a twelfth novel and a second volume of poetry have been posthumously published.
Frame is well-known for her literary output as well as her personal history, having narrowly escaped [[lobotomy]] when her first book was awarded a national literary prize.<ref name=NYT>{{cite web|title=Janet Frame, 79, Writer Who Explored Madness|first=Douglas|last=Martin|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980CE6DF1138F933A05752C0A9629C8B63|date=[[January 30]], [[2004]]|work=New York Times|accessdate=2007-11-17}}</ref> Partly as a result of her dramatic past, Frame, aptly described by scholar Simone Oettli as an artist who paradoxically wanted simultaneous fame and anonymity,<ref>Oettli, Simone. Rev. ''Wrestling with the Angel: A Life of Janet Frame,'' by Michael King. ''World Literature Today'' 76.1 Winter 2002: 142.</ref> has been the focus of a wide range of biographical myths posited by literary critics and the general public alike.<ref>Brown, R. 'The unravelling of a mad myth.' ''Women's Studies Journal'' 7(1): 66-74.</ref><ref>Wiske, Maria. ''Materialisations of a Woman Writer: Investigating Janet Frame's Biographical Legend'' Peter Lang (SW): 2006</ref> Although Frame's writing — which eschewed the dominant New Zealand literary realism of the time, combining prose, poetry, modernist and postmodernist elements with a somewhat [[Magic realism|magical realist style]]<ref name="Herald"> [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3546633 "A literary angel mourned"] - ''[[New Zealand Herald]]'', Saturday [[31 January]] [[2004]]</ref> — was met with a decidedly mixed critical and public reception,<ref>Reid, Tony. "Visionary view of the 'tapestry of words.'" Interview with Janet Frame. ''New Zealand Herald'' [[February 12]], [[1983]]: 2.1</ref><ref name=KingWrestling>King, Michael. ''Wrestling with the Angel: A Life of Janet Frame.'' Penguin (NZ), 2000.</ref> her status as a respected novelist of international repute, coupled with her remarkable life-story, immortalised in her autobiographies and director [[Jane Campion]]'s [[An Angel at My Table|film-adaptation of the texts]], have earned her a place in twentieth-century literary history.
== Biographical overview ==
[[Image:Clock Oamaru.JPG|left|thumb|[[Oamaru]]. The town clock tower on the old post office, vividly described in Frame's debut novel, ''Owls Do Cry'', as well as her third volume of autobiography, ''The Envoy from Mirror City''.]]
Born in [[Dunedin]], on the east coast of [[New Zealand]]'s [[South Island]], Frame was the third of five children born to George, a railway worker, and to Lottie (née Godfrey), a former housemaid to the family of writer [[Katherine Mansfield]].<ref name=NYT/> Dr [[Emily Hancock Siedeberg]], New Zealand's first female medical graduate, delivered Frame at St. Helen's Hospital in 1927. The would-be-author spent her early childhood years in various small towns in New Zealand's South Island provinces of [[Otago]] and [[Southland]], including [[Outram, New Zealand|Outram]] and [[Wyndham, New Zealand|Wyndham]], before the family eventually settled in the coastal town of [[Oamaru]] (recognisable as the "Waimaru" of her debut novel and further featured in her subsequent fiction<ref>
Leaver-Cooper, Sheila. ''Janet Frame's Kingdom by the Sea: Oamaru''. Dunmore (NZ), 1997
</ref>). As described in detail in her autobiographies, Frame's childhood was marked by the deaths of two of her sisters, Myrtle and Isabel, who drowned in separate incidents at a young age, and the [[epilepsy|epileptic seizures]] suffered by her brother George (referred to as "Geordie" and "Bruddie").<ref name=FrameAutobio>Frame, Janet. ''An Autobiography'' Century Hutchinson (NZ), 1989.</ref>
In 1943 Frame began training as a teacher at the [[Dunedin College of Education]], while at the same time auditing courses in English, French and psychology at the adjacent [[University of Otago]].<ref name=KingWrestling/> Shortly after her arrival at university, Frame, in the throes of an [[Mental breakdown|emotional crisis]],<ref name=KingWrestling/> began regular therapy-sessions with junior lecturer [[John Money]], to whom she developed a strong attachment,<ref name=KingWrestling/> and whose later work as a [[Sexology|sexologist]] specialising in [[Sex reassignment therapy|gender reassignment]] remains controversial to this day.<ref>Colapinto, John. ''As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who was Raised as a Girl.'' Harper Collins, 2000.</ref>
While practising teaching in Dunedin in 1947, Frame dramatically abandoned her classroom during a scheduled visit from a school-inspector.<ref name=FrameAutobio/><ref name=KingWrestling/><ref>Lloyd, Mike. "Frame Walks Out." ''Kotare'' 5.1, 2004. http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Whi051Kota-t1-g1-t4.html#name-120555-1</ref> Shortly thereafter she was admitted to the psychiatric ward of the local Dunedin hospital.<ref name=KingWrestling/> Following this brief internment, Frame, unwilling to return home to her family, where tensions between her father and brother had become increasingly unbearable for the would-be-author,<ref name=KingWrestling/> was transferred to [[Seacliff Mental Hospital]] near [[Karitane]] north of Dunedin, where doctors diagnosed her as suffering from [[schizophrenia]].<ref name=FrameAutobio/><ref name=KingWrestling/> Over the course of the next eight years, Frame repeatedly readmitted herself<ref name=KingWrestling/> to a number of [[psychiatric hospital]]s in New Zealand, including Avondale and [[Sunnyside Hospital|Sunnyside]], where she was treated with [[Insulin shock therapy|insulin]] and, according to her own account, administered over two hundred rounds of [[electroconvulsive therapy]].<ref name=FrameAutobio/><ref name=KingWrestling/>
[[Image:OwlsDoCry.jpg|right|thumb|''Owls Do Cry''. Dennis Beytagh's cover illustration for Frame's debut novel, released by New Zealand's Pegasus Press in 1957.]]
In 1951, while Frame remained interned in [[psychiatric hospital]], New Zealand's Caxton Press published her first book, a slim volume of short stories titled ''The Lagoon and Other Stories''.<ref name=KingWrestling/> The work won the Hubert Church Memorial Award, at that time one of the nation's most prestigious literary prizes, and resulted in the cancellation of her scheduled [[lobotomy]].<ref>Frame, Janet. ''An Autobiography'' Century Hutchinson (NZ), 1989. </ref><ref name=KingWrestling/> Four years later, in 1955, following her final discharge from [[psychiatric hospital]], Frame, at the time staying with her sister's family in the [[Auckland]] suburb of [[Northcote, New Zealand|Northcote]], was introduced to the New Zealand writer [[Frank Sargeson]]. From April 1955 to July 1956 Frame lived and worked in an old army hut in the garden of Sargeson's home in [[Takapuna]], producing her first full-length novel, which the publishers — rejecting the author's original title, ''Talk of Treasure'' — released as ''Owls Do Cry'' (Pegasus, 1957).<ref name=KingWrestling/>
Frame left New Zealand in 1956, living and working for the following seven years in Europe, primarily based in [[London]], with sojourns in [[Ibiza]] and [[Andorra]].<ref name=FrameAutobio/><ref name=KingWrestling/> While abroad, Frame still struggling with anxiety and depression, admitted herself to the [[Maudsley]] Hospital in London, where American-trained psychiatrist Alan Miller, who studied under [[John Money|Money]] at [[Johns Hopkins University]], proposed that she had never suffered from [[schizophrenia]].<ref name=FrameAutobio/><ref name=KingWrestling/> In an effort to alleviate the ill-effects of her years spent in and out of [[psychiatric hospital]], Frame then began regular sessions with the psychoanalyst R.H. Cawley, who encouraged her to continue to pursue her writing, and to whom she would eventually dedicate seven of her novels.<ref name=KingWrestling/>
After returning to New Zealand in 1963, Frame accepted the [[Burns Fellowship]] at the [[University of Otago]] in 1965.<ref name=KingWrestling/> In subsequent years, the author lived in several different parts of New Zealand's [[North Island]], including [[Auckland]], [[Taranaki]], [[Wanganui]], the [[Horowhenua]], [[Palmerston North]], [[Waiheke Island|Waiheke]], [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]], [[Browns Bay, New Zealand|Browns Bay]] and [[Levin, New Zealand|Levin]].<ref name=KingWrestling/> In addition to these numerous, and somewhat infamous<ref name=KingWrestling/> shifts of residence, Frame also travelled a great deal, principally to the [[United States]], where she received offers of residencies at the artists' colonies [[MacDowell]] and [[Yaddo]].<ref name=KingWrestling/> Partly as a result of these extended stays abroad, several Americans became some of Frame's closest friends,<ref>King, Michael. 'Janet Frame: Antipodean phoenix in the American chicken coop." ''Antipodes: A North American Journal of Australian Literature'' 15:(2): 86-87; December 2001.</ref> including the painter [[Bay Area Figurative Movement|Theophilus Brown and his partner Paul Wonner]], along with the novelists [[May Sarton]], [[Philip Roth]], John Marquand, Jr. and Alan Lelchuck. In addition, Frame's one-time teacher/therapist and longtime friend [[John Money]] lived and worked in North America from 1947 onwards, and Frame frequently used his home in [[Baltimore]] as a base.<ref name=KingWrestling/>
<!-- Commented out: [[Image:Angel_at_my_table_movie_poster.jpg|left|thumb|[[An Angel at My Table]]. The movie poster for [[Jane Campion|Jane Campion's]] popular film adaptation of Frame's autobiographies, ''[[An Angel at My Table]]'', which introduced the author's work to a broader audience.]] -->
In the 1980s Frame authored three volumes of autobiography (''To the Is-land'', ''An Angel at my Table'' and ''The Envoy from Mirror City'') which collectively trace the course of her life leading up to her return to New Zealand in 1963.<ref name=FrameAutobio/> Director [[Jane Campion]] and screenwriter [[Laura Jones (screenwriter)|Laura Jones]] adapted the trilogy into the 1990 film ''[[An Angel at my Table]],'' in which a trio of actresses, ([[Kerry Fox]], Alexia Keogh and Karen Fergusson) portray the author at various ages. As a result of the autobiographies, which collectively sold more than any of her previous publications,<ref name=KingWrestling/> and, even more so, Campion's widely successful [[An Angel at My Table|film-adaptation of the texts]],<ref name=KingWrestling/> a new generation of readers were introduced to the author and of her work, pushing Frame increasingly into the public eye.
The impetus behind Frame's memoirs, as noted by the author as well as her biographer, publishers and critics alike, was to "set the record straight" regarding her past and, in particular, her mental status.<ref>Frame, Janet. "My Say." Interview with Elizabeth Alley. Concert Programme. Radio New Zealand, Wellington, NZ. [[27 April]] [[1983]]. Rpt ''In the Same Room: Conversations with New Zealand Writers.'' Ed. Elizabeth Alley and Mark Williams. Auckland: Auckland UP, 1992.</ref><ref name=KingWrestling/> Indeed, Frame's mental health has long been the subject of repeated critical and public speculation,<ref name=KingWrestling/> most recently with rehabilitation physician Sarah Abrahamson's speculation that the author may have been [[autism|autistic]].<ref name=AbrahamsonAutism>{{cite web|last=Abrahamson|first=Sarah|title="Did Janet Frame have high-functioning autism?"|url=http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/abstract.php?id=2747|accessdate=2008-05-01}}</ref>
Although some contested Abrahamson's editorial, most vehemently Frame's niece and current literary executor Pamela Gordon,<ref>Hann, Arwen. "Autism Claim Draws Fire from Family, Mum." ''The Press'' [NZ]. [[22 October]] [[2007]]: 10.</ref><ref name=SharpMind>Sharp, Iain. "Frame of Mind" ''Sunday Star Times'' [NZ]. [[21 October]] [[2007]]: C8.</ref><ref>Smith, Charmian. "Putting Janet in the Frame." ''Otago Daily Times'' [NZ]. [[27 October]] [[2007]]: 45.</ref> who herself has a daughter with autism,<ref name=KingWrestling/> both the ''[[New Zealand Medical Journal]]''<ref>Frizelle, Frank A. "Peer review of NZMJ articles: issues raised after publication of the viewpoint article on Janet Frame." http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/120-1264/2787</ref> and the author<ref>Abrahamson, Sarah. "Author responds to criticism of her 'Did Janet Frame have high-functioning autism?' viewpoint article. http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/120-1264/2787</ref> defended the work.
Frame was awarded the title of Commander of the [[Order of British Empire]] (CBE) in 1983 and made a member of the [[Order of New Zealand]], the country's highest civil honour, in 1990. The author also held foreign membership of the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters]], received honorary doctorates from two New Zealand universities, and achieved recognition as a cultural icon in her native country.<ref> The New Zealand Edge. http://www.nzedge.com/heroes/frame.html</ref> Rumours occasionally circulated portraying Frame as a contender for the [[Nobel Prize in literature]], most notably in 1998, when Frame was dubbed the leading contender after a journalist spotted her name at the top of a list that was later revealed to have been in alphabetical order,<ref>MacLeod, Scott. “Reclusive Frame tipped as leading Nobel candidate.” ''New Zealand Herald''. [[2 October]] [[2003]].</ref> and again five years later, in 2003, when Asa Bechman, the influential chief literary critic at the Swedish daily ''[[Dagens Nyheter]]'', wrongly predicted that the author would win the prestigious prize.<ref>Fox, Gary. "Sth African J M Coetzee awarded Nobel prize for Literature, dashing hopes of NZ writer Janet Frame." ''IRN News''. [[3 October]] [[2003]]</ref>
[[Image:WrestlingWithTheAngel.jpg|right|thumb|''Wrestling with the Angel''. The front cover of prominent New Zealand historian [[Michael King|Michael King's]] award-winning biography on Frame, first published in 2000.]]
In 2000, the popular historian [[Michael King]] published his authorised biography of Frame, ''Wrestling with the Angel'', simultaneously released in New Zealand and North America, with British and Australian editions appearing in the following years.<ref name=FrameAutobio/> King's exhaustive work attracted equal measures of praise and criticism; some questioned the extent to which Frame guided the hand of her biographer,<ref>Ricketts, Harry. “A life within the frame.” ''The Lancet'' [UK] [[November 10]], [[2001]]: 1652.</ref><ref>Wilkins, Damien. "In the Lock-Up." ''Landfall'' 201 [NZ] May 2001: 25-36
</ref> with one critic likening King's role to that of a ventriloquist's dummy,<ref>Evans, Patrick. "Dr. Clutha’s Book of the World: Janet Paterson Frame, 1924-2004" http://www.engl.canterbury.ac.nz/research/pde3.htm</ref> while others felt that he had failed to come to terms with the complexity and subtlety of his subject.<ref>Wikse, Maria. "Materialisations of a Woman Writer: Investigating Janet Frame's Biographical Legend" Bern (SW): Peter Lang, 2006.</ref> King defended his project and maintained that future biographies on Frame would eventually fill in the gaps left by his own work.<ref>King, Michael. "The Compassionate Truth" ''Meanjin Quarterly'' 61.1 (2002) 34</ref>
Janet Frame died in Dunedin in January 2004, aged 79, from [[acute myeloid leukaemia]], shortly after becoming one of the inaugural recipients of New Zealand's newly-minted "Icon" and Prime Minister's awards for the arts.<ref>Herrick, Linda. "Belated recognition for 'icons' of arts." ''New Zealand Herald'' [[July 2]], [[2003]]</ref><ref>Kitchin, Peter. "Daring to be different." ''The Dominion Post'' [NZ] [[July 9]], [[2003]].</ref> Since her death, two posthumous works have been published in [[Oceania]]: a volume of poetry entitled ''The Goose Bath,'' which was awarded the local 2007 Montana Book Award for poetry, generating some controversy among New Zealand's literati,<ref>
Moore, Christopher. "Dubious Decision" ''The Press'' (Christchurch, NZ), [[1 August]] [[2007]]</ref><ref>"Good for the Gander" ''The Listener'' (NZ) [[18 August]] [[2007]]</ref> and a previously unpublished novel, ''Towards Another Summer,'' largely based on a weekend Frame spent with British journalist [[Geoffrey Moorhouse]] and his family.<ref name=KingWrestling/><ref>Moorehouse, Geoffrey. "Out of New Zealand" ''Guardian'' [UK] [[November 16]], [[1962]].</ref>
== Literary works ==
=== Novels ===
*1957. ''Owls Do Cry''. Christchurch: Pegasus Press.
*1961. ''Faces in the Water''. Christchurch: Pegasus Press; New York: Braziller.
*1962. ''The Edge of the Alphabet''. Christchurch: Pegasus Press.
*1963. ''Scented Gardens for the Blind''. London: WH Allen.
*1965. ''The Adaptable Man''. London: WH Allen.
*1966. ''A State of Siege''. New York: Braziller.
*1968. ''The Rainbirds''. London: WH Allen. (Published in the US with Frame's preferred original title, ''Yellow Flowers in the Antipodean Room''. New York: Braziller, 1969)
*1970. ''Intensive Care''. New York: Braziller.
*1972. ''Daughter Buffalo''. New York: Braziller.
*1979. ''Living in the Maniototo''. New York: Braziller.
*1989. ''[[The Carpathians]]''. New York: Braziller.
*2007 ''Towards Another Summer''. Auckland: Vintage (Posthumously published).
=== Short stories ===
* 1951 ''The Lagoon and Other Stories''. Christchurch: Caxton Press. (Mistakenly dated on first edition as 1952)
* 1963. ''The Reservoir: Stories and Sketches''/''Snowman Snowman: Fables and Fantasies''. New York: Braziller (Edited selection published in the Commonwealth edition ''The Reservoir and Other Stories'' London: W.H. Allen, 1966).
* 1983. ''You Are Now Entering the Human Heart''. Wellington: Victoria University Press.
==== Children's fiction ====
* 1969. ''Mona Minim and the Smell of the Sun''. (With illustrations by [[Robin Jacques]].) New York: Braziller (Reissued posthumously in 2005 by Random House, New Zealand, with illustrations by David Elliot).
=== Poetry ===
* 1967. ''The Pocket Mirror''. New York: Braziller.
* 2006. ''The Goose Bath''. Auckland: Random House/Vintage (Posthumously published); (Released in the UK as a collected edition along with selections from ''The Pocket Mirror'' under the title ''Storms Will Tell: Selected Poems''. Bloodaxe Books, 2008)
=== Autobiography ===
* 1982. ''To the Is-Land'' (Autobiography 1). New York: Braziller.
* 1984. ''An Angel at My Table'' (Autobiography 2). New York: Braziller.
* 1984. ''The Envoy From Mirror City'' (Autobiography 3). Auckland: Century Hutchinson.
* 1989. ''An Autobiography'' (Collected edition). Auckland: Century Hutchinson (Posthumously reprinted under the title ''An Angel at My Table'', London: Virago, 2008).
===Separately published stories and poems ===
* 1946. "University Entrance" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[22 March]] [[1946]].
* 1947. "Alison Hendry" in ''Landfall'' 2, June 1947. (Published under the penname Jan Godfrey; reprinted in ''The Lagoon and Other Stories'' under the title "Jan Godfrey".)
* 1954. "The Waitress" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[9 July]] [[1954]]
* 1954. "The Liftman" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[13 August]] [[1954]]
* 1954. "On Paying the Third Installment" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[10 September]] [[1954]]
* 1954. "Lolly Legs" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[15 October]] [[1954]]
* 1954. "Trio Concert" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[29 October]] [[1954]].
* 1954. "Timothy" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[26 November]] [[1954]]
* 1955. "The Transformation" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[28 January]] [[1955]]
* 1956. "The Ferry" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[13 July]] [[1956]].
* 1956. "Waiting for Daylight" in ''Landfall'' (NZ) 10
* 1956. "I Got Shoes" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[2 November]] [[1956]].
* 1957. "Face Downwards in the Grass" in ''Mate'' (NZ) 1
* 1957. "The Dead" in ''Landfall'' (NZ) 11
* 1957. "The Wind Brother" in ''School Journal'' (NZ) 51.1
* 1958. "The Friday Night World" in ''School Journal'' (NZ) 52.1
* 1962. "Prizes" in ''The New Yorker'' [[10 March]] [[1962]]
* 1962. "The Red-Currant Bush, the Black-Currant Bush, the Gooseberry Bush, the African Thorn Hedge, and the Garden Gate Who Was Once the Head of an Iron Bed" in ''Mademoiselle'' April 1962
* 1963. "The Reservoir" in ''The New Yorker'' [[12 January]] [[1963]] (reprinted in ''The Reservoir: Stories and Sketches'')
* 1963. "The Chosen Image" in ''Vogue'', July 1963
* 1964. "The Joiner" in ''Landfall'' (NZ) 18
* 1957. "The Road to Takapuna" in ''Mate'' (NZ) 12
* 1964. "Scott's Horse" in ''Landfall'' (NZ) 18
* 1964. "The Senator Had Plans" in ''Landfall'' (NZ) 18
* 1965. "The Bath" in ''Landfall'' (NZ) 19 (Reprinted in ''You Are Now Entering the Human Heart'')
* 1966. "A Boy's Will" in ''Landfall'' (NZ) 20
* 1966. "White Turnips: A Timely Monologue" in ''New Zealand Monthly Review'' May 1966
* 1966. "In Alco Hall" in ''Harper's Bazaar'', November 1966
* 1968. "In Mexico City" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[20 December]] [[1968]]
* 1969. "You Are Now Entering the Human Heart" in ''The New Yorker'' [[29 March]] [[1969]] (Reprinted in ''You Are Now Entering the Human Heart'')
* 1969. "The Birds of the Air" in ''Harper's Bazaar'', June 1969
* 1969. "Jet Flight" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[8 August]] [[1969]]
* 1969. "The Words" in ''Mademoiselle'' October 1969
* 1970. "Winter Garden" in ''The New Yorker'' [[31 January]] [[1970]]
* 1974. "They Never Looked Back" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[23 March]] [[1974]]
* 1975. "The Painter" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[6 September]] [[1975]]
* 1976. "Rain on the Roof" in ''The Journal'' (NZ), April 1976 (Previously published in ''The Pocket Mirror'')
* 1979. "Insulation" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[17 March]] [[1979]]
* 1979. "Two Widowers" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[9 June]] [[1979]]
* 2004. "Three Poems by Janet Frame" in ''New Zealand Listener'', 28 August-3 September 2004 (Posthumously published) [http://www.listener.co.nz/default,2490.sm view online]
* 2008. "A Night at the Opera" in ''The New Yorker'', [[2 June]] [[2008]] (Posthumously published) [http://www.newyorker.com/fiction/features/2008/06/02/080602fi_fiction_frame/default,2490.sm view online]
=== Articles, reviews, essays and letters===
* 1953. "A Letter to Frank Sargeson" in ''Landfall'' 25, March 1953
* 1954. "Review of Terence Journet's ''Take My Tip''" in ''Landfall'' 32, December 1954
* 1955. "Review of ''A Fable'' by William Faulkner" in ''Parson's Packet'', no. 36, October-December 1955
* 1964. "Memory and a Pocketful of Words" in ''Times Literary Supplement'', [[4 June]] [[1964]]
* 1964. "This Desirable Property" in ''New Zealand Listener'', [[3 July]] [[1964]]
* 1965. "Beginnings" in ''Landfall'' (NZ) 73, March 1965
* 1968. "The Burns Fellowship" in ''Landfall'' (NZ) 87, September 1968
* 1973. "Charles Brasch 1909-1973: Tributes and Memories from His Friends" in ''Islands'' (NZ) 5, Spring 1973
* 1975. "Janet Frame on ''Tales from Grimm''" in ''Education'' (NZ) 24.9, 1975
* 1982. "Departures and Returns" in G. Amirthanayagan (ed.) ''Writers in East-West Encounter'', London: Macmillan, 1982 (Originally delivered as a paper at the International Colloquium on the Cross-Cultural Encounter in Literature, East-West Center, [[Honolulu]], October 1977).
* 1984. "A last Letter to Frank Sargeson" in ''Islands'' (NZ) 33, July 1984
== Awards & Honours ==
* 1951: Hubert Church Prose Award (''The Lagoon and other Stories'')
* 1956: New Zealand Literary Fund Grant
* 1958: New Zealand Literary Fund Award for Achievement (''Owls Do Cry'')
* 1964: Hubert Church Prose Award (''Scented Gardens for the Blind''); New Zealand Literary Fund Scholarship in Letters.
* 1965: Robert Burns Fellowship, University of Otago, Dunedin, NZ
* 1967: "Buckland Literary Award." (''The Reservoir and Other Stories''/''A State of Siege'')
* 1969: New Zealand Literary Fund Award (''The Pocket Mirror: Poems'')
* 1971: Buckland Literary Award (Intensive Care); Hubert Church Prose Award." (''Intensive Care'')
* 1972: President of Honour: P.E.N. International New Zealand Centre, Wellington, NZ
* 1973: James Wattie Book of the Year Award (''Daughter Buffallo'')
* 1974: Hubert Church Prose Award (''Daughter Buffallo''); Winn-Manson Menton Fellowship.
* 1978: Honorary Doctor of Literature (D.Litt. Honoris Causa) University of Otago, Dunedin, NZ
* 1979: Buckland Literary Award (''Living in the Maniototo'')
* 1980: New Zealand Book Award for Fiction (''Living in the Maniototo'')
* 1983: Buckland Literary Award; Sir James Wattie Book of the Year Award (''To the Is-Land''); C.B.E. (Commander, Order of the British Empire)
* 1984: Frank Sargeson Fellowship, University of Auckland, NZ
* 1984: New Zealand Book Award for Non-Fiction (An Angel at My Table); Sir James Wattie Book of the Year Award (''An Angel at My Table''); Turnovsky Prize for Outstanding Achievement in the Arts
* 1985: Sir James Wattie Book of the Year Award (''The Envoy from Mirror City'')
* 1986: New Zealand Book Award for Non-Fiction (''The Envoy from Mirror City''); Honorary Foreign Member: The American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters
* 1989: Ansett New Zealand Book Award for Fiction; Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best Book (''The Carpathians'')
* 1990: O.N.Z. (Member, Order of New Zealand)
* 1992: Honorary Doctor of Literature (D.Litt), University of Waikato, Hamilton, NZ
* 1994: Massey University Medal, Massey University, Palmerston North, NZ
* 2003: Arts Foundation of New Zealand Icon Artists; New Zealand Prime Minister’s Award for Literary Achievement
* 2007: Montana Book Award for Poetry (''The Goose Bath'')
== See also ==
* [[New Zealand literature]]
* [[Michael King]] (biographer)
* [[Frank Sargeson]] (mentor)
* [[Jane Campion]] (filmmaker)
* [[An Angel at My Table]] (biopic based on Frame's autobiographies)
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
==Sources ==
* Delbaere, Jeanne, ed. ''The Ring of Fire. Essays on Janet Frame.'' Dangaroo Press (Aarhus),1992.
* Evans, Patrick. [http://www.engl.canterbury.ac.nz/research/pde3.htm "Dr. Clutha’s Book of the World: Janet Paterson Frame, 1924–2004."] ''Journal of New Zealand Literature'' 22: 15–3.
* Finlayson, Claire. "A Bolder Spirit." ''University of Otago Magazine''. (NZ) February 2005: 13–14.
* Frame, Janet. ''An Autobiography.'' (collected edition). Auckland: Century Hutchinson, 1989.
* King, Michael. "The Compassionate Truth." ''Meanjin Quarterly'' 61.1 (2002): 24–34.
* King, Michael. ''An Inward Sun: The World of Janet Frame.'' Penguin (NZ), 2002.
* King, Michael. ''Tread Softly for you Tread on My Life.'' Cape Catley (NZ), 2001
* King, Michael. ''Wrestling with the Angel: A Life of Janet Frame.'' Penguin (NZ), 2000.
* [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3546285 "Legendary NZ writer Janet Frame dies".] ''New Zealand Herald.'' [[29 January]] [[2004]].
== External links==
* [http://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/subjects/nzp/nzlit2/frame.htm Auckland University's Frame bibliography]
* [http://janetframe.org.nz Janet Frame Literary Trust]
* [http://www.bookcouncil.org.nz/tourism/destinations/edenstreet.html 56 Eden Street Trust]
* [http://www.bookcouncil.org.nz/writers/framej.html NZ Book Council Profile]
* [http://www.nzepc.auckland.ac.nz/sounds/soundnz.asp#F Aotearoa New Zealand Sound Archive (scroll down to hear a reading of the poem "Friends Far Away Die")]
* [http://www.ninoxdvd.com/#dvd01 "Wrestling With The Angel," television documentary produced and broadcast in New Zealand]
* [http://www.victoria.ac.nz/modernletters/reading/desk.aspx The Landfall/Janet Frame desk conservation report]
* [http://www.livingheritage.net.nz/schools/intermediate/st-josephs/walkways/janet.htm Janet Frame Heritage Trail]
* [http://www.listener.co.nz/issue/3326/features/1435/the_gift_of_language.html CK Stead's essay "The Gift of Language"]
* [http://www.otago.ac.nz/DeepSouth/vol1no1/hawes1.html Tara Hawes's essay "Janet Frame: The Self as Other/Othering the Self"]
* [http://www.overthere.com.au/writing/tempest.html Diane Caney's essay "Janet Frame & The Tempest," originally delivered at the 1992 Janet Frame conference]
* [http://www.engl.canterbury.ac.nz/research/pde3.htm Patrick Evans' essay "Dr. Clutha’s Book of the World: Janet Paterson Frame, 1924–2004," published in the ''Journal of New Zealand Literature,'' 2004]
* [http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,2243202,00.html Director Jane Campion's introduction to the 2008 UK reprint of Frame's autobiographies]
* [http://www.virago.co.uk/pdf/extracts/9781844084579.pdf Extract from Frame's autobiographies]
{{Persondata
|NAME=Frame, Janet Paterson
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Clutha
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Author
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[August 28]], [[1924]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Dunedin, New Zealand]]
|DATE OF DEATH=[[January 29]], [[2004]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Dunedin, New Zealand]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Frame, Janet}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Leukemia deaths]]
[[Category:Magic realism writers]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand novelists]]
[[Category:New Zealand poets]]
[[Category:New Zealand short story writers]]
[[Category:New Zealand women writers]]
[[Category:People from Otago]]
[[Category:University of Otago alumni]]
[[Category:Women short story writers]]
[[Category:Women novelists]]
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